Chemical composition and antimicrobial assessment of liverwort Lophozia ventricosa extracts

Abstract

The chemical composition of the methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of liverwort Lophozia ventricosa (Dicks.) Dumort. was determined by solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS). The dominant compounds in L. ventricosa methanolic extract were o-cymene (38.87 \%), beta-barbatene (26.35 \%), and alpha-barbatene (8.30 \%), while the main components in ethyl acetate extract were beta-barbatene (45.39 \%), maalioxide (9.89 \%), and alpha-barbatene (8.21 \%). The antimicrobial activity of L. ventricosa extracts was evaluated against 15 pathogenic microorganisms using microdilution method. Extracts were initially screened against following Gram (-) bacteria Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, and Gram (+) bacteria: Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Micrococcus flavus, and Staphylococcus aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) varied from 2.50 to 5.00 mg/mL for bacterial strains, and from 1.25 to 5.00 mg/mL for micromycetes. For the antifungal bioassays, eight fungi were used Aspergillus niger, A. fumigates, A. ochraceus, A. versicolor, Penicillium funiculosum, P. ochrochloron, Trichoderma viride, and Candida albicans. Sensitivity of fungi to the effect of the extracts was higher than that of bacteria tested.