Ekofiziološke adaptacije odabranih vrsta zeljastih biljaka na deponiji pepela termoelektrane 'Nikola Tesla - A' u Obrenovcu
Ecophysiological adaptations of selected herbaceous plants growing on the fly ash deposits of thermoelectric plant 'Nikola Tesla - A' in Obrenovac
2014
Authors:
Gajić, GordanaContributors
Stevanović, BrankaMitrović, Miroslava
Pavlović, Pavle
Jovanović, Slobodan
Šinžar-Sekulić, Jasmina
Document Type:
Doctoral thesis (Published version)
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract:
Establishment of plant cover on fly ash deposits provides the physical and
chemical stabilization of ash, prevents wind erosion and reduces dispersion of toxic
chemical elements in the environment. Research within this thesis was carried out in the
area of the fly ash deposits thermoelectric plant 'Nikola Tesla - A' in Obrenovac: passive
cassette (K3 - three years old and K2 - eleven years old), as well as the control sites
(KKo - embankment of the river Kolubara; KBb - Botanical Gardens "Jevremovac" in
Belgrade and KBK - settlement Bežanijska kosa in Belgrade), and included analysis of
plants, as well as the substrate on which they grow. For ecophysiological studies were
selected herbaceous plants which are commonly used for the biorecultivation on the fly
ash: Festuca rubra L. (K3, K2 and KBb) and Dactylis glomerata L. (K3 and KKo), as
well as species that spontaneously colonized space in fly ash deposits: Calamagrostis
epigejos (L.) Roth. (K3, K2 and KKo) and Oenothera biennis L. (K3, K2 and KBk). The
main objective of the doctoral dissertation is to determine the limiting factors of site for
the smooth development of the vegetation cover, as well as the establishment of
ecophysiological adaptive strategies of examined plants that survive in conditions of
multiple stress on the fly ash.
Phytocoenological analysis of the fly ash deposit TENT - A in Obrenovac
showed that on the K3, the largest number and coverage had sown species F. rubra and
D. glomerata, while on the K2 were spontaneously colonized dominant species C.
epigejos and O. biennis. Over time, on the K2 to create good physico - chemical
conditions for the growth and survival of plants in the fly ashes, which is reflected in the
reduction of the percentage of total sand, and increasing fractions of clay and clay +
powder, reducing the concentration of soluble salts, weak base reactions of fly ash and
increasing acidic cation of the adsorptive complex, which is largely conditioned by the
activity of the plants that have colonized this disposal site. The content of available
forms of K2O was the highest on the K2, and P2O5 on the K3, while the content of N
was generally small. On the fly ash deposit sites, the concentrations of As, B and Cu
were toxic (except B on the K2), while concentrations of Mn and Zn (K2) were in
deficiency. On the fly ash deposit sites, DTPA - As and DTPA - B, and the percentage
of DTPA - available fraction of the total content of these elements was large, indicating
the potentialy structural and functional damage to plants related to their toxicity. The
content of DTPA - Cu, DTPA - Mn, DTPA - Zn as well as the percentage of DTPA -
the available fraction of Cu, Mn and Zn of the total content was small, and the soluble
content which is accessible to the plants may be responsible for the metabolic disorders
related to their deficiency.
Thus, on the fly ash deposit sites, toxic concentrations As and B in leaves of
examined plants were measured, with the exception of B in C. epigejos. The
concentrations of Mn and Zn in the leaves of all plants were deficient, while Cu was on
the deficiency limit, except for O. biennis. Sown species F. rubra and D. glomerata are
characterized by a reduced transport capacity of As, Cu and Mn from roots to leaves
(BCF<1, TF<1), except for Mn in F. rubra (K3). However, spontaneously colonized
species C. epigejos and O. biennis showed greater ability of translocation of As, Cu and
Mn from the roots to the leaves (BCF<1, TF>1). In F. rubra and O. biennis (K2), Se is
accumulated in the roots (BCF>1, TF>1), while in other species, Se is efficiently
transported to the leaves (BCF>1, TF>1). In all the species examined at the disposal
site, greater amount of Zn is retained in the roots (except in O. biennis, K2), while B
and Mo are efficiently transported to the leaves.
Photosynthetic efficiency of all plants which grow on fly ash deposits was below
the optimum range, which indicates on photoinhibition of photosytem II (PSII) and
decreased vitality. The chlorophyll and carotenoids content in leaves of all plants was
lower compared to the control site, while the anthocyanins content in leaves of F. rubra
was the highest on the K3. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content was higher in leaves
of all plants at fly ash deposits, indicating that they were exposed to oxidative stress.
The phenolics content, ascorbic acid (AsA) and total DPPH antioxidant activity was
high in all plants, indicating the ability to activate the protective adaptive mechanisms.
Species O. biennis is the most different from the other species by the higher content of
bound phenolics (BPh) and the total DPPH antioxidant activity. Morphological changes
in plant leaves were expressed in the form of chlorosis and necrosis caused by toxic
levels of As and B, as well as deficient concentrations of Cu, Mn and Zn.
Sown species F. rubra and D. glomerata are important in the first stage of
biological cultivation, because their well-developed root system stabilizes the substrate.
Furthermore, under conditions of stress they have the potential to activate antioxidant
protection. However, over time, spontaneously colonized species C. epigejos and O.
biennis have conquered the area of fly ash. This was made possible by their welldeveloped
multirhizome system, large amount of viable seeds and ecophysiological
adaptations that enable them to grow and survive in adverse environmental conditions.
These traits make them suitable for the revitalization of fly ash.
Keywords:
Fly ash deposits; Total and DTPA-available fractions of chemicalelements; Toxicity of As and B; Deficiency of Cu, Zn and Mn; Photosynthetic eficiency.pigments; Phenolics; Ascorbic acid; Total DPPH antioxidant activity; AdaptationsSource:
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, 2014, 1-406Funding / projects:
- Ecophysiological adaptive strategies of plants in conditions of multiple stress (RS-MESTD-Basic Research (BR or ON)-173018)
URI
http://eteze.bg.ac.rs/application/showtheses?thesesId=2450https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:10462/bdef:Content/download
http://vbs.rs/scripts/cobiss?command=DISPLAY&base=70036&RID=47576079
http://nardus.mpn.gov.rs/123456789/4623
https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2386