Uticaj metformina na apoptozu ćelija glioma i melanoma in vitro i na rast melanoma in vivo
The Effect of Metformin on Glioma and Melanoma Cell Apoptosis in vitro and Melanoma Growth in vivo
2014
Authors:
Janjetović, KristinaContributors
Trajković, VladimirMicić, Dragan
Isaković, Aleksandra
Pravica, Vera
Momčilović, Miljana
Document Type:
Doctoral thesis (Published version)
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract:
We investigated the effect of the well known antidiabetic drug metformin on the
viability of melanoma and glioma cell lines in vitro, in the absence and presence of
cisplatin. Also, we were interested in the effect of metformin on melanoma growth in
vivo.
In the absence of cisplatin on rat glioma cell line C6, we have shown for the first
time a dual antiglioma effect of metformin. In low-density cultures of the C6 rat glioma
cell line, metformin blocked the cell cycle progression in G0/G1 phase without inducing
significant cell death. In confluent C6 cultures, on the otherhand, metformin caused
massive induction of caspase dependent apoptosis associated with c-JunNterminalkinase
(JNK) activation, mitochondrial depolarization and oxidative stress.
Metformin-triggered apoptosis was completely prevented by agents that block
mitochondrial permeability transition (cyclosporin A) and oxygen radical production
(N-acetylcisteine), while the inhibitors of JNK activation (SP600125) or glycolysis
(sodium fluoride, iodoacetate) provided partial protection. The antiglioma effect of
metformin was reduced by compound C, an inhibitor of AMP activated protein kinase
(AMPK), and was mimicked by the AMPK agonist AICAR. Rat primary astrocytes
were completely resistant to the antiproliferative and proapoptotic action of metformin.
Further, it was investigated the influence of metformin on the in vitro anticancer
activity of the well-known chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin. Although metformin
reduced the number of tumour cells when applied alone, it surprisingly antagonized the
cytotoxicity of cisplatin towards U251 human glioma. In U251 glioma cells metformin
suppressed cisplatin-induced apoptotic cell death through inhibition of oxidative stress
and caspase activation. The observed cytoprotection was apparently AMPKindependent,
as metformin did not further increase cisplatin-induced AMPK activation
in U251 cells and other pharmacological AMPK activators failed to block cisplatinmediated
apoptosis. On the other hand, metformin induced Akt activation in cisplatintreated
cells and Akt inhibitor 10-DEBC hydrochloride or phosphoinositide 3-
kinase/Akt inhibitor LY294002 abolished metformin-mediated antioxidant and
antiapoptotic effects.
In the absence of cisplatin, in vitro and in vivo anti-melanoma effect of
antidiabetic drug metformin was investigated using B16 mouse melanoma cell line.
Metformin caused a G2/M cell cycle arrest associated with apoptotic death of melanoma
cells. Metformin-mediated apoptosis of melanoma cells was preceded by the induction
of oxidative stress and mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Metformin caused an
increase in the expression of tumor suppressorprotein p53 with concomitant decrease of
anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 mRNA levels. However, the treatment with metformin did not
stimulate expression of the cycle blocker p21, indicating that p21 was dispensable for
the observed cell cycle arrest. The activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)
was not required for the anti-melanoma action of metformin, as AMPK inhibitor
compound C completely failed to restore viability of metformin-treated B16 cells.
Metformin induced autophagy in B16 cells, autophagy inhibitors ammonium chloride
and wortmannin partly restored the viability of metformin-treated melanoma cells,
indicating that metformin-induced autophagy is cytotoxic. Finally, oral administration
of metformin led to a significant reduction in tumor size in a B16 mouse melanoma
model.
Results obtained in cisplatin absence on melanoma and glioma cell lines in vitro
and mouse melanoma model in vivo, indicate the potential metformin application as
anticancer therapeutic in melanoma and glioma tumor. On the other hand, data in the
cisplatin presence warrant caution when considering metformin for treatment of diabetic
cancer patients receiving cisplatin, or as a potential adjuvant in cisplatin-based
chemotherapeutic regimens.
Keywords:
Metformin; Cancer; Cisplatin; AMPK; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Oxidative stressSource:
University of Belgrade, School of Medicine, 2014, 1-87URI
http://eteze.bg.ac.rs/application/showtheses?thesesId=2117https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:9963/bdef:Content/download
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http://nardus.mpn.gov.rs/123456789/2460
https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2440