Analiza subjediničnog sastava i regulacije izoformi glutamin-sintetaze kod biljaka Arabidopsis thalliana (L.) Heynh. i Lotus corniculatus L.
Analysis of the subunit composition and regulation of glutamine synthetase isoforms from Arabidopsis thalliana (L.) Heynh. и Lotus corniculatus L.
2013
Authors:
Dragićević, MilanContributors
Simonović, AnaProdanović, Radivoje
Mandić, Ljuba
Todorović, Slađana
Document Type:
Doctoral thesis (Published version)
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract:
Glutamine synthetase (GS) is the key enzyme involved in the assimilation ofammonia derived from nitrate reduction, photorespiration, amino acid catabolism, N2fixation in legumes, and other metabolic processes in plants. A small gene familyencodes for different cytosolic (GS1) isoforms in higher plants, while a single geneencodes for the plastidic isoform (GS2). GS operates with glutamate synthаse(GOGAT) in a two enzyme cycle. The net outcome of this cycle is the production ofglutamate, which, through the action of aminotransferases, is used to synthesize otheramino acids. Gaining further knowledge about GS is essential for understandingnitrogen assimilation in higher plants, which can lead to better nitrogen use efficiencyand lowering of fertilizer input.The structure and regulation of GS isoforms from two model plants, Arabidopsisthaliana (L.) Heynh and Lotus corniculatus L. were investigated in the presented study.Since the A. thaliana genome encodes five GS1 subunits (GLN1;1-1,5), one of theobjectives was to investigate whether different GS1 proteins from this plant are able toform heteromeric enzymes. In order to identify the subunit composition of A. thalianaGS1 isoforms, electrophoretic profiles of GS isoforms from GS1 SALK and SAILknockout mutants were compared. It was concluded that GLN1;1 and GLN1;3, as wellas GLN1;2 and GLN1;3 and possibly GLN1;1 and GLN1;2 are able to form functionalheterodecamers in all stoichiometric proportions. Furthermore, in the knockout mutantslacking GLN1;2 and GLN1;3, higher GLN1;1 transcript levels were found implicatingthat GLN1;1, at least in part, compensates for the missing isoforms. The secondobjective of this study was to investigate the regulation of expression of A. thaliana GSand GOGAT genes by plant growth regulators: kinetin, abscisic acid, giberelic acid and2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. The expression of GS and GOGAT genes isdifferentially regulated by growth regulators in the leaf and root. The observed patternsof expression provide insights into the hormonal regulation of these genes duringdevelopment and as response to environmental cues. The third objective was to investigate phosphinothricin (PPT) induced hormesis in L. corniculatus. PPT is a potentGS inhibitor used as a non selective post emergence herbicide. GS inhibition in plantscauses ammonia accumulation, glutamine depletion and eventually death. However, thegrowth response of L. corniculatus plants immersed in solutions with a broad range ofPPT concentrations is biphasic, with pronounced stimulating effect on biomassproduction at concentrations ≤ 50 μM and growth inhibition at higher concentrations.The growth stimulation at low PPT concentrations is a result of activation of GS2, whilethe growth suppression is caused by inhibition of both GS1 and GS2 at higher PPTconcentrations. A detailed molecular mechanism of concentration-dependent interactionof PPT with the GS holoenzymes from L. corniculatus is proposed. The mechanism isin concurrence with all experimental and literature data.
Keywords:
Glutamine synthetase; Arabidopsis thaliana; Lotus corniculatus; Phosphinothricin; Hormesis; Knockout mutant; Subunit composition; Plant growth regulator; Regulation of expression; Enzyme redundancySource:
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, 2013, 1-163Funding / projects:
- Physiological, chemical and molecular analysis of the diversity of selected rare and endangered plant species and application of biotechnology for ex situ conservation and production of biologically active compounds (RS-MESTD-Basic Research (BR or ON)-173024)
URI
http://eteze.bg.ac.rs/application/showtheses?thesesId=3971https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:13335/bdef:Content/download
http://vbs.rs/scripts/cobiss?command=DISPLAY&base=70036&RID=45789199
http://nardus.mpn.gov.rs/123456789/6992
https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2840