@article{
author = "Matija, Lidija R. and Stanković, Ivana M. and Purić, Milica and Miličić, Milica and Maksimović-Ivanić, Danijela and Mijatović, Sanja and Krajnović, Tamara and Gordić, Vuk and Koruga, Đuro Lj.",
year = "2023",
abstract = "The human body contains 60–70% water, depending on age. As a body fluid, it is not
only a medium in which physical and chemical processes take place, but it is also one of the active
mediators. Water is the richest substance with non-covalent hydrogen bonds. Water molecules, by
themselves (in vacuum), are diamagnetic but when organized into clusters, they become diamagnetic
or paramagnetic. Also, biomolecules (DNA, collagen, clathrin, and other proteins) have non-covalent
hydrogen bonds in their structure. The interaction, as well as signal transmission, between water
and biomolecules is achieved through the vibrations of covalent and non-covalent hydrogen bonds,
which determine the state and dynamics of conformational changes in biomolecules. Disruptive
conformational changes in biomolecules, cells, and tissues lead to their dysfunctionality, so they are a
frequent cause of many disorders and diseases. For example, the rearrangement of hydrogen bonding
due to mitochondrial disease mutation in cytochrome bc1 disturbs heme bH redox potential and spin
state. In order to prevent and repair the dysfunctional conformational changes, a liquid substance
was developed based on the second derivative of the C60 molecule (SD-C60), which has classical and
quantum properties. The characterization of SD-C60 by UV-VIS-NIR, FTIR, TEM, and AFM/MFM
was performed and it is shown that SD-C60 water layers generate vibrations with near-zero phase
dispersion which are transmitted through Fibonacci’s water chains to biomolecules. In comparison
with previously published SD-C60 derivate (3HFWC, size until 10 nm, and 1–5 water layers), the
improved formulation (3HFWC-W, size 10–25 nm, and 6–9 water layers) showed multiplied cytotoxic
activity against melanoma cell lines of different aggressiveness. Apart from this, the mode of action
was preserved and based on an induction of senescence rather than cell death. Importantly, high
selectivity towards malignant phenotypes was detected. Observed effects can be ascribed to a
machinery of hydrogen bonds, which are generated in SD-C60 and transmitted through water to
biomolecules. This approach may open a new field in science and healthcare—a “water-based
nanomedicine”.",
publisher = "Basel: MDPI",
journal = "Micromachines",
title = "The Second Derivative of Fullerene C60 (SD-C60) and Biomolecular Machinery of Hydrogen Bonds: Water-Based Nanomedicine",
number = "12",
volume = "14",
doi = "10.3390/mi14122152",
pages = "2152"
}
