TY  - CONF
AU  - Farnleitner, Andreas
AU  - Schachner, Iris
AU  - Jakwerth, Stefan
AU  - Kittinger, Clemens
AU  - Zarfel, Gernot
AU  - Kavka, Gerhard
AU  - Kolarević, Stoimir
AU  - Kračun-Kolarević, Margareta
AU  - Toth, Erika
AU  - Blaschke, Alfred
AU  - Derx, Julia
AU  - Linke, Rita
AU  - Demeter, Katalin
AU  - Savio, Domenico
AU  - Resicher, Georg
AU  - Kir, Alexander
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6596
AB  - Sustainable and target-oriented microbiological water quality management of rivers needs
information on whole river systems, especially if catchments are large and international. The
microbiological water quality of rivers is of uttermost relevance for human health as river water is
used for several purposes (recreation, drinking water production, irrigation). Besides information on
faecal pollution levels, the origin of faecal pollution and the assessment of associated infection- and
health risks, e g. from antimicrobial resistant bacteria (ARB) are of increasing importance. This
contribution summarizes the concepts and main results from the Joint-Danube-Surveys (JDS) and
discusses future challenges and perspectives (pollution-scenario modelling, infection-risk
assessment) for the Danube River concerning its faecal and AMR pollution status.
Between 2001 and 2019, the whole Danube was sampled four times during the JDS 1 to 4. Beside
standard faecal indicator analysis, cutting-edge molecular detection concepts were applied, including
microbial source tracking (MST) markers by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and high-throughput ampliconsequencing of bacterial communities. For AMR-profiling, clinically relevant bacterial species were
isolated and tested for resistances and resistance genes were determined via qPCR.
With this, we could impressively demonstrate that the JDS create the required multi-national “big
picture” of the microbiological pollution status of the Danube River. Harmonised trans-border
microbiological water quality maps for the whole navigable Danube were established. MST marker
analysis elucidated that the main faecal pollution source along the whole river is human wastewater.
Combined analysis of faecal indicators, MST and AMR-profiles provided a solid basis for assessing the
potential health impacts of AMR associated with faecal pollution
PB  - Austrian Committee - International Association for Danube Research
C3  - Conference Book: 44th IAD conference: Tackling Present & Future Environmental Challenges of a European Riverscape; 2023 Feb 6-9; Krems, Austria
T1  - Joint Danube Survey 1 to 4: Concepts, Lessons Learned and Future Visions on Faecal Pollution and Antimicrobial Resistance
SP  - 9
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_6596
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Farnleitner, Andreas and Schachner, Iris and Jakwerth, Stefan and Kittinger, Clemens and Zarfel, Gernot and Kavka, Gerhard and Kolarević, Stoimir and Kračun-Kolarević, Margareta and Toth, Erika and Blaschke, Alfred and Derx, Julia and Linke, Rita and Demeter, Katalin and Savio, Domenico and Resicher, Georg and Kir, Alexander",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Sustainable and target-oriented microbiological water quality management of rivers needs
information on whole river systems, especially if catchments are large and international. The
microbiological water quality of rivers is of uttermost relevance for human health as river water is
used for several purposes (recreation, drinking water production, irrigation). Besides information on
faecal pollution levels, the origin of faecal pollution and the assessment of associated infection- and
health risks, e g. from antimicrobial resistant bacteria (ARB) are of increasing importance. This
contribution summarizes the concepts and main results from the Joint-Danube-Surveys (JDS) and
discusses future challenges and perspectives (pollution-scenario modelling, infection-risk
assessment) for the Danube River concerning its faecal and AMR pollution status.
Between 2001 and 2019, the whole Danube was sampled four times during the JDS 1 to 4. Beside
standard faecal indicator analysis, cutting-edge molecular detection concepts were applied, including
microbial source tracking (MST) markers by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and high-throughput ampliconsequencing of bacterial communities. For AMR-profiling, clinically relevant bacterial species were
isolated and tested for resistances and resistance genes were determined via qPCR.
With this, we could impressively demonstrate that the JDS create the required multi-national “big
picture” of the microbiological pollution status of the Danube River. Harmonised trans-border
microbiological water quality maps for the whole navigable Danube were established. MST marker
analysis elucidated that the main faecal pollution source along the whole river is human wastewater.
Combined analysis of faecal indicators, MST and AMR-profiles provided a solid basis for assessing the
potential health impacts of AMR associated with faecal pollution",
publisher = "Austrian Committee - International Association for Danube Research",
journal = "Conference Book: 44th IAD conference: Tackling Present & Future Environmental Challenges of a European Riverscape; 2023 Feb 6-9; Krems, Austria",
title = "Joint Danube Survey 1 to 4: Concepts, Lessons Learned and Future Visions on Faecal Pollution and Antimicrobial Resistance",
pages = "9",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_6596"
}

Farnleitner, A., Schachner, I., Jakwerth, S., Kittinger, C., Zarfel, G., Kavka, G., Kolarević, S., Kračun-Kolarević, M., Toth, E., Blaschke, A., Derx, J., Linke, R., Demeter, K., Savio, D., Resicher, G.,& Kir, A.. (2023). Joint Danube Survey 1 to 4: Concepts, Lessons Learned and Future Visions on Faecal Pollution and Antimicrobial Resistance. in Conference Book: 44th IAD conference: Tackling Present & Future Environmental Challenges of a European Riverscape; 2023 Feb 6-9; Krems, Austria
Austrian Committee - International Association for Danube Research., 9.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_6596

Farnleitner A, Schachner I, Jakwerth S, Kittinger C, Zarfel G, Kavka G, Kolarević S, Kračun-Kolarević M, Toth E, Blaschke A, Derx J, Linke R, Demeter K, Savio D, Resicher G, Kir A. Joint Danube Survey 1 to 4: Concepts, Lessons Learned and Future Visions on Faecal Pollution and Antimicrobial Resistance. in Conference Book: 44th IAD conference: Tackling Present & Future Environmental Challenges of a European Riverscape; 2023 Feb 6-9; Krems, Austria. 2023;:9.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_6596 .

Farnleitner, Andreas, Schachner, Iris, Jakwerth, Stefan, Kittinger, Clemens, Zarfel, Gernot, Kavka, Gerhard, Kolarević, Stoimir, Kračun-Kolarević, Margareta, Toth, Erika, Blaschke, Alfred, Derx, Julia, Linke, Rita, Demeter, Katalin, Savio, Domenico, Resicher, Georg, Kir, Alexander, "Joint Danube Survey 1 to 4: Concepts, Lessons Learned and Future Visions on Faecal Pollution and Antimicrobial Resistance" in Conference Book: 44th IAD conference: Tackling Present & Future Environmental Challenges of a European Riverscape; 2023 Feb 6-9; Krems, Austria (2023):9,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_6596 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Koller, Michel
AU  - Dielacher, Irina
AU  - Schachner, Iris
AU  - Leopold, Melanie
AU  - Jakwerth, Sefan
AU  - Kolarević, Stoimir
AU  - Kračun-Kolarević, Margareta
AU  - Toth, Erika
AU  - Savio, Domenico
AU  - Farnleitner, Andreas
AU  - Kittinger, Clemens
AU  - Kirschner, Alexander
AU  - Zarfel, Gernot
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6593
AB  - Human induced antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) are not only found in clinical surroundings: large
rivers are of great concern as regards their spreading. This ongoing study´s aim is to analyse the
major propagation pathways and sources of ARB in the Danube, and to compare the results with
data obtained in 2013. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. isolated during the 4th Joint Danube
Survey (2019) were tested for their antibiotic susceptibility. 22.24% of 1700 E. coli were resistant and
12.35% were multiresistant. 15.23 % of 696 Klebsiella spp. were resistant and 1.15% were
multiresistant. In comparison the data of 2013 and 2019 of both Enterobacteriaceae showed that the
wild type is still predominant. There were significant increases especially to fluoroquinolones and
augmentin and a significant decrease of resistances to tetracycline. However, the data of JDS4
showed a significant difference between E. coli and Klebsiella spp. regarding wild type, resistance and
multiresistance. Additionally, data of 1155 E. coli showed no seasonal trends in Austria during an
annual sampling. The comparison of E. coli from biofilms and corresponding water samples revealed
several significant differences between the compartments. In conclusion, the preliminary data of E.
coli from biofilm samples suggest that the biofilm as a stable colonization within waters reflects
especially the long term situation. Thus, the stabilizing and destabilizing effects acting on ARG within
the biofilm need to be researched in greater detail. Significant differences between the closely
related Enterobacteriaceae species seem to point out the dilemma of E. coli as a solely model
organism for environmental long term effects. Klebsiella spp. and their associated ARGs are facing a
different selective pressure when encountering the native environmental populations. Finally, the
results of the annual sampling campaign suggest that single environmental differences have a higher
impact than seasonal events.
PB  - Austrian Committee - International Association for Danube Research
C3  - Conference Book: 44th IAD conference: Tackling Present & Future Environmental Challenges of a European Riverscape; 2023 Feb 6-9; Krems, Austria
T1  - The Danube's water and biofilms: Antimicrobial resistance in the Enterobacteriaceae populations
SP  - 24
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_6593
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Koller, Michel and Dielacher, Irina and Schachner, Iris and Leopold, Melanie and Jakwerth, Sefan and Kolarević, Stoimir and Kračun-Kolarević, Margareta and Toth, Erika and Savio, Domenico and Farnleitner, Andreas and Kittinger, Clemens and Kirschner, Alexander and Zarfel, Gernot",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Human induced antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) are not only found in clinical surroundings: large
rivers are of great concern as regards their spreading. This ongoing study´s aim is to analyse the
major propagation pathways and sources of ARB in the Danube, and to compare the results with
data obtained in 2013. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. isolated during the 4th Joint Danube
Survey (2019) were tested for their antibiotic susceptibility. 22.24% of 1700 E. coli were resistant and
12.35% were multiresistant. 15.23 % of 696 Klebsiella spp. were resistant and 1.15% were
multiresistant. In comparison the data of 2013 and 2019 of both Enterobacteriaceae showed that the
wild type is still predominant. There were significant increases especially to fluoroquinolones and
augmentin and a significant decrease of resistances to tetracycline. However, the data of JDS4
showed a significant difference between E. coli and Klebsiella spp. regarding wild type, resistance and
multiresistance. Additionally, data of 1155 E. coli showed no seasonal trends in Austria during an
annual sampling. The comparison of E. coli from biofilms and corresponding water samples revealed
several significant differences between the compartments. In conclusion, the preliminary data of E.
coli from biofilm samples suggest that the biofilm as a stable colonization within waters reflects
especially the long term situation. Thus, the stabilizing and destabilizing effects acting on ARG within
the biofilm need to be researched in greater detail. Significant differences between the closely
related Enterobacteriaceae species seem to point out the dilemma of E. coli as a solely model
organism for environmental long term effects. Klebsiella spp. and their associated ARGs are facing a
different selective pressure when encountering the native environmental populations. Finally, the
results of the annual sampling campaign suggest that single environmental differences have a higher
impact than seasonal events.",
publisher = "Austrian Committee - International Association for Danube Research",
journal = "Conference Book: 44th IAD conference: Tackling Present & Future Environmental Challenges of a European Riverscape; 2023 Feb 6-9; Krems, Austria",
title = "The Danube's water and biofilms: Antimicrobial resistance in the Enterobacteriaceae populations",
pages = "24",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_6593"
}

Koller, M., Dielacher, I., Schachner, I., Leopold, M., Jakwerth, S., Kolarević, S., Kračun-Kolarević, M., Toth, E., Savio, D., Farnleitner, A., Kittinger, C., Kirschner, A.,& Zarfel, G.. (2023). The Danube's water and biofilms: Antimicrobial resistance in the Enterobacteriaceae populations. in Conference Book: 44th IAD conference: Tackling Present & Future Environmental Challenges of a European Riverscape; 2023 Feb 6-9; Krems, Austria
Austrian Committee - International Association for Danube Research., 24.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_6593

Koller M, Dielacher I, Schachner I, Leopold M, Jakwerth S, Kolarević S, Kračun-Kolarević M, Toth E, Savio D, Farnleitner A, Kittinger C, Kirschner A, Zarfel G. The Danube's water and biofilms: Antimicrobial resistance in the Enterobacteriaceae populations. in Conference Book: 44th IAD conference: Tackling Present & Future Environmental Challenges of a European Riverscape; 2023 Feb 6-9; Krems, Austria. 2023;:24.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_6593 .

Koller, Michel, Dielacher, Irina, Schachner, Iris, Leopold, Melanie, Jakwerth, Sefan, Kolarević, Stoimir, Kračun-Kolarević, Margareta, Toth, Erika, Savio, Domenico, Farnleitner, Andreas, Kittinger, Clemens, Kirschner, Alexander, Zarfel, Gernot, "The Danube's water and biofilms: Antimicrobial resistance in the Enterobacteriaceae populations" in Conference Book: 44th IAD conference: Tackling Present & Future Environmental Challenges of a European Riverscape; 2023 Feb 6-9; Krems, Austria (2023):24,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_6593 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Koller, Michael
AU  - Nürnberger, Julia
AU  - Hack, Kerstin
AU  - Dielacher, Irina
AU  - Wachter, Julian
AU  - Hoffer, Benjamin
AU  - Kohlmaier, Sophie
AU  - Hagendorfer, Christin
AU  - Kapic, Medina
AU  - Julia, Gütl
AU  - Arsenijevic, Polina
AU  - Schachner, Iris
AU  - Jakwerth, Stefan
AU  - Kolarević, Stoimir
AU  - Kračun-Kolarević, Margareta
AU  - Tóth, Erika
AU  - Savio, Domenico
AU  - Farnleitner, Andreas H.
AU  - Kittinger, Clemens
AU  - Kirschner, Alexander K.T.
AU  - Zarfel, Gernot
PY  - 2022
UR  - http://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6231
AB  - Human induced antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) are not only found in clinical surroundings: large rivers are of great concern as regards their spreading. This ongoing study´s aim is to analyse the major propagation pathways and sources of ARB in the Danube, and to compare the results with data obtained in 2013. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. isolated during the 4th Joint Danube Survey were tested for their antibiotic susceptibility. 23.2% of 1635 E. coli were resistant and 11.7% were multiresistant. There was a significant increase in resistances to augmentin, moxifloxacin and piperacillin/tazobactam and a significant decrease regarding tetracycline. 23 expressed an extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase phenotype. 15.87 % of 630 Klebsiella spp. were resistant and 0.95% were multiresistant. Resistances
to moxifloxacin and augmentin were the most common resistances detected.
Two isolates showed an ESBL-phenotype, and two isolates were resistant to the last line antibiotic tigecycline. In comparison the data of 2013 and 2019 show a similar proportion for multiresistant E. coli, but regarding resistances to some single antibiotics significant changes were determined. In contrast, the Klebsiella isolates showed a very similar distribution of resistances. Despite, 30% of non-wild type resistant E. coli in the environment is a very high number when compared to clinical settings with approximately 50%. However, the relevance of these findings concerning human health and the environment is yet unclear as there is only a very limited number of studies for comparison and studies on the significance of pathways from the river back to humans are largely missing.
PB  - Belgrade: Serbian Society of Microbiology
C3  - Electronic abstract book: FEMS Conference on Microbiology in association with Serbian Society of Microbiology; 2022 Jun 30 - Jul 2; Belgrade, Serbia
T1  - Monitoring non-wild type antibiotic resistant Enterobacteriaceae in the River Danube: a six-year-comparison
SP  - 64
EP  - 65
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_6231
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Koller, Michael and Nürnberger, Julia and Hack, Kerstin and Dielacher, Irina and Wachter, Julian and Hoffer, Benjamin and Kohlmaier, Sophie and Hagendorfer, Christin and Kapic, Medina and Julia, Gütl and Arsenijevic, Polina and Schachner, Iris and Jakwerth, Stefan and Kolarević, Stoimir and Kračun-Kolarević, Margareta and Tóth, Erika and Savio, Domenico and Farnleitner, Andreas H. and Kittinger, Clemens and Kirschner, Alexander K.T. and Zarfel, Gernot",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Human induced antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) are not only found in clinical surroundings: large rivers are of great concern as regards their spreading. This ongoing study´s aim is to analyse the major propagation pathways and sources of ARB in the Danube, and to compare the results with data obtained in 2013. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. isolated during the 4th Joint Danube Survey were tested for their antibiotic susceptibility. 23.2% of 1635 E. coli were resistant and 11.7% were multiresistant. There was a significant increase in resistances to augmentin, moxifloxacin and piperacillin/tazobactam and a significant decrease regarding tetracycline. 23 expressed an extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase phenotype. 15.87 % of 630 Klebsiella spp. were resistant and 0.95% were multiresistant. Resistances
to moxifloxacin and augmentin were the most common resistances detected.
Two isolates showed an ESBL-phenotype, and two isolates were resistant to the last line antibiotic tigecycline. In comparison the data of 2013 and 2019 show a similar proportion for multiresistant E. coli, but regarding resistances to some single antibiotics significant changes were determined. In contrast, the Klebsiella isolates showed a very similar distribution of resistances. Despite, 30% of non-wild type resistant E. coli in the environment is a very high number when compared to clinical settings with approximately 50%. However, the relevance of these findings concerning human health and the environment is yet unclear as there is only a very limited number of studies for comparison and studies on the significance of pathways from the river back to humans are largely missing.",
publisher = "Belgrade: Serbian Society of Microbiology",
journal = "Electronic abstract book: FEMS Conference on Microbiology in association with Serbian Society of Microbiology; 2022 Jun 30 - Jul 2; Belgrade, Serbia",
title = "Monitoring non-wild type antibiotic resistant Enterobacteriaceae in the River Danube: a six-year-comparison",
pages = "64-65",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_6231"
}

Koller, M., Nürnberger, J., Hack, K., Dielacher, I., Wachter, J., Hoffer, B., Kohlmaier, S., Hagendorfer, C., Kapic, M., Julia, G., Arsenijevic, P., Schachner, I., Jakwerth, S., Kolarević, S., Kračun-Kolarević, M., Tóth, E., Savio, D., Farnleitner, A. H., Kittinger, C., Kirschner, A. K.T.,& Zarfel, G.. (2022). Monitoring non-wild type antibiotic resistant Enterobacteriaceae in the River Danube: a six-year-comparison. in Electronic abstract book: FEMS Conference on Microbiology in association with Serbian Society of Microbiology; 2022 Jun 30 - Jul 2; Belgrade, Serbia
Belgrade: Serbian Society of Microbiology., 64-65.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_6231

Koller M, Nürnberger J, Hack K, Dielacher I, Wachter J, Hoffer B, Kohlmaier S, Hagendorfer C, Kapic M, Julia G, Arsenijevic P, Schachner I, Jakwerth S, Kolarević S, Kračun-Kolarević M, Tóth E, Savio D, Farnleitner AH, Kittinger C, Kirschner AK, Zarfel G. Monitoring non-wild type antibiotic resistant Enterobacteriaceae in the River Danube: a six-year-comparison. in Electronic abstract book: FEMS Conference on Microbiology in association with Serbian Society of Microbiology; 2022 Jun 30 - Jul 2; Belgrade, Serbia. 2022;:64-65.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_6231 .

Koller, Michael, Nürnberger, Julia, Hack, Kerstin, Dielacher, Irina, Wachter, Julian, Hoffer, Benjamin, Kohlmaier, Sophie, Hagendorfer, Christin, Kapic, Medina, Julia, Gütl, Arsenijevic, Polina, Schachner, Iris, Jakwerth, Stefan, Kolarević, Stoimir, Kračun-Kolarević, Margareta, Tóth, Erika, Savio, Domenico, Farnleitner, Andreas H., Kittinger, Clemens, Kirschner, Alexander K.T., Zarfel, Gernot, "Monitoring non-wild type antibiotic resistant Enterobacteriaceae in the River Danube: a six-year-comparison" in Electronic abstract book: FEMS Conference on Microbiology in association with Serbian Society of Microbiology; 2022 Jun 30 - Jul 2; Belgrade, Serbia (2022):64-65,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_6231 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Kirschner, Alexander K.T.
AU  - Schachner, Iris
AU  - Jakwerth, Stefan
AU  - Zarfel, Gernot
AU  - Koller, Michael
AU  - Kittinger, Clemens
AU  - Tóth, Erika
AU  - Kolarević, Stoimir
AU  - Kračun-Kolarević, Margareta
AU  - Blaschke, Alfred Paul
AU  - Derx, Julia
AU  - Linke, Rita
AU  - Demeter, Katalin
AU  - Reischer, Georg
AU  - Savio, Domenico
AU  - Farnleitner, Andreas H.
PY  - 2022
UR  - http://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6232
AB  - Sustainable and target-oriented microbiological water quality management of rivers needs information on
whole river systems, especially if catchments are large and international. The microbiological water quality
of rivers is of uttermost relevance for human health as river water is used for several purposes (recreation,
drinking water production, irrigation). Besides information on faecal pollution levels, the origin of faecal
pollution and the assessment of associated infection- and health risks, e g. from antimicrobial resistant bacteria (ARB) are of increasing importance. This contribution summarizes the concepts and main results from the Joint-Danube-Surveys (JDS) and discusses future challenges and perspectives (pollution-scenario modelling, infection-risk assessment) for the Danube River concerning its faecal and AMR pollution status.
Between 2001 and 2019, the whole Danube was sampled four times during the JDS. Beside standard faecal indicator analysis, cutting-edge molecular detection concepts were applied, including microbial source tracking (MST) markers by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and high-throughput amplicon-sequencing of bacterial communities. For AMR-profiling, clinically relevant bacterial species were isolated and tested for resistances and resistance genes were determined via qPCR.
With this, we could impressively demonstrate that the JDS create the required multi-national “big picture”
of the microbiological pollution status of large rivers. Harmonised trans-border microbiological water quality aps for the whole navigable Danube were established. MST marker analysis elucidated that the main faecal pollution source along the whole river is human wastewater. Combined analysis of faecal indicators, MST and AMR-profiles provided a solid basis for assessing the potential health impacts of AMR associated with faecal pollution.
PB  - Belgrade: Serbian Society of Microbiology
C3  - Electronic abstract book: FEMS Conference on Microbiology in association with Serbian Society of Microbiology; 2022 Jun 30 - Jul 2; Belgrade, Serbia
T1  - Faecal pollution and antibiotic resistance in the Danube River: Vision, Concepts and Lessons learned from Joint Danube Surveys
SP  - 144
EP  - 145
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_6232
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Kirschner, Alexander K.T. and Schachner, Iris and Jakwerth, Stefan and Zarfel, Gernot and Koller, Michael and Kittinger, Clemens and Tóth, Erika and Kolarević, Stoimir and Kračun-Kolarević, Margareta and Blaschke, Alfred Paul and Derx, Julia and Linke, Rita and Demeter, Katalin and Reischer, Georg and Savio, Domenico and Farnleitner, Andreas H.",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Sustainable and target-oriented microbiological water quality management of rivers needs information on
whole river systems, especially if catchments are large and international. The microbiological water quality
of rivers is of uttermost relevance for human health as river water is used for several purposes (recreation,
drinking water production, irrigation). Besides information on faecal pollution levels, the origin of faecal
pollution and the assessment of associated infection- and health risks, e g. from antimicrobial resistant bacteria (ARB) are of increasing importance. This contribution summarizes the concepts and main results from the Joint-Danube-Surveys (JDS) and discusses future challenges and perspectives (pollution-scenario modelling, infection-risk assessment) for the Danube River concerning its faecal and AMR pollution status.
Between 2001 and 2019, the whole Danube was sampled four times during the JDS. Beside standard faecal indicator analysis, cutting-edge molecular detection concepts were applied, including microbial source tracking (MST) markers by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and high-throughput amplicon-sequencing of bacterial communities. For AMR-profiling, clinically relevant bacterial species were isolated and tested for resistances and resistance genes were determined via qPCR.
With this, we could impressively demonstrate that the JDS create the required multi-national “big picture”
of the microbiological pollution status of large rivers. Harmonised trans-border microbiological water quality aps for the whole navigable Danube were established. MST marker analysis elucidated that the main faecal pollution source along the whole river is human wastewater. Combined analysis of faecal indicators, MST and AMR-profiles provided a solid basis for assessing the potential health impacts of AMR associated with faecal pollution.",
publisher = "Belgrade: Serbian Society of Microbiology",
journal = "Electronic abstract book: FEMS Conference on Microbiology in association with Serbian Society of Microbiology; 2022 Jun 30 - Jul 2; Belgrade, Serbia",
title = "Faecal pollution and antibiotic resistance in the Danube River: Vision, Concepts and Lessons learned from Joint Danube Surveys",
pages = "144-145",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_6232"
}

Kirschner, A. K.T., Schachner, I., Jakwerth, S., Zarfel, G., Koller, M., Kittinger, C., Tóth, E., Kolarević, S., Kračun-Kolarević, M., Blaschke, A. P., Derx, J., Linke, R., Demeter, K., Reischer, G., Savio, D.,& Farnleitner, A. H.. (2022). Faecal pollution and antibiotic resistance in the Danube River: Vision, Concepts and Lessons learned from Joint Danube Surveys. in Electronic abstract book: FEMS Conference on Microbiology in association with Serbian Society of Microbiology; 2022 Jun 30 - Jul 2; Belgrade, Serbia
Belgrade: Serbian Society of Microbiology., 144-145.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_6232

Kirschner AK, Schachner I, Jakwerth S, Zarfel G, Koller M, Kittinger C, Tóth E, Kolarević S, Kračun-Kolarević M, Blaschke AP, Derx J, Linke R, Demeter K, Reischer G, Savio D, Farnleitner AH. Faecal pollution and antibiotic resistance in the Danube River: Vision, Concepts and Lessons learned from Joint Danube Surveys. in Electronic abstract book: FEMS Conference on Microbiology in association with Serbian Society of Microbiology; 2022 Jun 30 - Jul 2; Belgrade, Serbia. 2022;:144-145.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_6232 .

Kirschner, Alexander K.T., Schachner, Iris, Jakwerth, Stefan, Zarfel, Gernot, Koller, Michael, Kittinger, Clemens, Tóth, Erika, Kolarević, Stoimir, Kračun-Kolarević, Margareta, Blaschke, Alfred Paul, Derx, Julia, Linke, Rita, Demeter, Katalin, Reischer, Georg, Savio, Domenico, Farnleitner, Andreas H., "Faecal pollution and antibiotic resistance in the Danube River: Vision, Concepts and Lessons learned from Joint Danube Surveys" in Electronic abstract book: FEMS Conference on Microbiology in association with Serbian Society of Microbiology; 2022 Jun 30 - Jul 2; Belgrade, Serbia (2022):144-145,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_6232 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Schachner, Iris
AU  - Kolm, Claudia
AU  - Vierheilig, Julia
AU  - Savio, Domenico
AU  - Zarfel, Gernot
AU  - Koller, Michael
AU  - Kittinger, Clemens
AU  - Jakwerth, Stefan
AU  - Linke, Rita
AU  - Kolarević, Stoimir
AU  - Kračun-Kolarević, Margareta
AU  - Tóth, Erika
AU  - Farnleitner, Andreas H.
AU  - Kirschner, Alexander K.T.
PY  - 2022
UR  - http://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6230
AB  - Human-induced antimicrobial resistance is an emerging concern in aquatic environments. Faecal pollution
sources represent potential propagation pathways, however large-scale quantitative studies in whole river
systems are missing. In the course of the Joint Danube Survey, the Danube River was investigated for the
fourth time in summer 2019 from its headwaters to the delta. Microbial-faecal pollution patterns and the
occurrence of selected antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were studied. Subsequently, a one-year time series analysis at selected relevant sites allowed to assess temporal variability.
The intestinal bacterium Escherichia coli was quantified according to standard cultivation methods as indicator for total faecal pollution. In general, longitudinal patterns of faecal pollution showed a comparable picture to previous Joint Danube Surveys, with low to moderate pollution in the upper reaches (Germany, Austria) and critical to strong pollution in the middle and lower sections, especially in Serbia. Genetic microbial source tracking methods, determined via quantitative PCR, allowed us to define human faecal pollution as dominant pollution source along the whole Danube. This trend could be generally confirmed during the annual sampling campaign. To estimate the potential of permanent colonialization of faecal microorganisms within the Danube River ecosystem, biofilms as potential reservoirs were studied along the course of the entire river. Here, E.coli were ubiquitously present but highly variable. Ongoing analyses on the occurrence and quantity of selected ARGs will identify hotspots of antimicrobial resistance and their relationship to faecal pollution along the Danube River and thereby contribute to guide future monitoring and management strategies.
PB  - Belgrade: Serbian Society of Microbiology
C3  - Electronic abstract book: FEMS Conference on Microbiology in association with Serbian Society of Microbiology; 2022 Jun 30 - Jul 2; Belgrade, Serbia
T1  - Faecal pollution as potential driver of antibiotic resistance genes in the Danube River
SP  - 137
EP  - 138
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_6230
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Schachner, Iris and Kolm, Claudia and Vierheilig, Julia and Savio, Domenico and Zarfel, Gernot and Koller, Michael and Kittinger, Clemens and Jakwerth, Stefan and Linke, Rita and Kolarević, Stoimir and Kračun-Kolarević, Margareta and Tóth, Erika and Farnleitner, Andreas H. and Kirschner, Alexander K.T.",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Human-induced antimicrobial resistance is an emerging concern in aquatic environments. Faecal pollution
sources represent potential propagation pathways, however large-scale quantitative studies in whole river
systems are missing. In the course of the Joint Danube Survey, the Danube River was investigated for the
fourth time in summer 2019 from its headwaters to the delta. Microbial-faecal pollution patterns and the
occurrence of selected antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were studied. Subsequently, a one-year time series analysis at selected relevant sites allowed to assess temporal variability.
The intestinal bacterium Escherichia coli was quantified according to standard cultivation methods as indicator for total faecal pollution. In general, longitudinal patterns of faecal pollution showed a comparable picture to previous Joint Danube Surveys, with low to moderate pollution in the upper reaches (Germany, Austria) and critical to strong pollution in the middle and lower sections, especially in Serbia. Genetic microbial source tracking methods, determined via quantitative PCR, allowed us to define human faecal pollution as dominant pollution source along the whole Danube. This trend could be generally confirmed during the annual sampling campaign. To estimate the potential of permanent colonialization of faecal microorganisms within the Danube River ecosystem, biofilms as potential reservoirs were studied along the course of the entire river. Here, E.coli were ubiquitously present but highly variable. Ongoing analyses on the occurrence and quantity of selected ARGs will identify hotspots of antimicrobial resistance and their relationship to faecal pollution along the Danube River and thereby contribute to guide future monitoring and management strategies.",
publisher = "Belgrade: Serbian Society of Microbiology",
journal = "Electronic abstract book: FEMS Conference on Microbiology in association with Serbian Society of Microbiology; 2022 Jun 30 - Jul 2; Belgrade, Serbia",
title = "Faecal pollution as potential driver of antibiotic resistance genes in the Danube River",
pages = "137-138",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_6230"
}

Schachner, I., Kolm, C., Vierheilig, J., Savio, D., Zarfel, G., Koller, M., Kittinger, C., Jakwerth, S., Linke, R., Kolarević, S., Kračun-Kolarević, M., Tóth, E., Farnleitner, A. H.,& Kirschner, A. K.T.. (2022). Faecal pollution as potential driver of antibiotic resistance genes in the Danube River. in Electronic abstract book: FEMS Conference on Microbiology in association with Serbian Society of Microbiology; 2022 Jun 30 - Jul 2; Belgrade, Serbia
Belgrade: Serbian Society of Microbiology., 137-138.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_6230

Schachner I, Kolm C, Vierheilig J, Savio D, Zarfel G, Koller M, Kittinger C, Jakwerth S, Linke R, Kolarević S, Kračun-Kolarević M, Tóth E, Farnleitner AH, Kirschner AK. Faecal pollution as potential driver of antibiotic resistance genes in the Danube River. in Electronic abstract book: FEMS Conference on Microbiology in association with Serbian Society of Microbiology; 2022 Jun 30 - Jul 2; Belgrade, Serbia. 2022;:137-138.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_6230 .

Schachner, Iris, Kolm, Claudia, Vierheilig, Julia, Savio, Domenico, Zarfel, Gernot, Koller, Michael, Kittinger, Clemens, Jakwerth, Stefan, Linke, Rita, Kolarević, Stoimir, Kračun-Kolarević, Margareta, Tóth, Erika, Farnleitner, Andreas H., Kirschner, Alexander K.T., "Faecal pollution as potential driver of antibiotic resistance genes in the Danube River" in Electronic abstract book: FEMS Conference on Microbiology in association with Serbian Society of Microbiology; 2022 Jun 30 - Jul 2; Belgrade, Serbia (2022):137-138,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_6230 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Kirschner, Alexander K.T.
AU  - Kittinger, Clemens
AU  - Schachner, Iris
AU  - Jakwerth, Stefan
AU  - Koller, Michael
AU  - Kolarević, Stoimir
AU  - Kračun-Kolarević, Margareta
AU  - Toumi, Marwene
AU  - Farkas, Rosza
AU  - Tóth, Erika
AU  - Kandler, W
AU  - Sulyok, M
AU  - Savio, Domenico
AU  - Farnleitner, Andreas H.
AU  - Zarfel, Gernot
PY  - 2021
UR  - http://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4731
AB  - The problem of human-induced antimicrobial resistance (acquired due to human activities) is an
emerging concern in aquatic environments. The isolation of (facultative) pathogenic organisms with
acquired antibiotic resistance, even concerning last-line antibiotics, from rivers and lakes, is well
documented throughout the world. In the last few years, there has been a rapid increase in the number
of studies addressing these topics and their possible implications for human health. However, most
studies concentrate on a relatively limited methodology, e.g. applying non-quantitative and either
cultivation-based or direct-detection based molecular biological methods. In addition, often only small
geographic areas and short periods of time are covered. This is one of the reasons why many relevant
questions concerning the occurrence and spread of antimicrobial resistance in aquatic ecosystems still
remain unanswered.
The largest European river water survey (Joint Danube Survey 4) offered a unique opportunity to study
the occurrence and spread of human-induced antimicrobial resistance along the whole Danube River.
Within the research project, isolates from samples from the entire course of the Danube and their
main tributaries, including high frequency sampling at selected locations, have been collected and
analysed. Samples from the water compartment but also from submerged biofilms have been
considered. State-of-the-art quantitative molecular biological techniques and culture-based analyses
targeting different bacterial organisms have been combined with a large set of physical, chemical and
biological parameters to obtain a robust and comprehensive picture of the occurrence and spread of
human-induced antimicrobial resistance in the Danube River.
Based on the findings of this quantitative, integrative study approach, it seems likely to significantly
improve the current understanding on the importance on the spread and stabilization of human -
induced antibiotic resistance in large rivers. The results of this study will also be useful to guide future
monitoring and management strategies.
PB  - Neuburg:  Aueninstitut Neuburg
C3  - 43rd IAD Conference: Rivers and Floodplains in the Antropocene: Upcoming Challenges in the Danube River Basin
T1  - Occurrence and spread of human- induced antimicrobial resistance in a large river water system: developing a holistic picture based on the Joint Danube Survey 4 activities
SP  - 20
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_4731
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Kirschner, Alexander K.T. and Kittinger, Clemens and Schachner, Iris and Jakwerth, Stefan and Koller, Michael and Kolarević, Stoimir and Kračun-Kolarević, Margareta and Toumi, Marwene and Farkas, Rosza and Tóth, Erika and Kandler, W and Sulyok, M and Savio, Domenico and Farnleitner, Andreas H. and Zarfel, Gernot",
year = "2021",
abstract = "The problem of human-induced antimicrobial resistance (acquired due to human activities) is an
emerging concern in aquatic environments. The isolation of (facultative) pathogenic organisms with
acquired antibiotic resistance, even concerning last-line antibiotics, from rivers and lakes, is well
documented throughout the world. In the last few years, there has been a rapid increase in the number
of studies addressing these topics and their possible implications for human health. However, most
studies concentrate on a relatively limited methodology, e.g. applying non-quantitative and either
cultivation-based or direct-detection based molecular biological methods. In addition, often only small
geographic areas and short periods of time are covered. This is one of the reasons why many relevant
questions concerning the occurrence and spread of antimicrobial resistance in aquatic ecosystems still
remain unanswered.
The largest European river water survey (Joint Danube Survey 4) offered a unique opportunity to study
the occurrence and spread of human-induced antimicrobial resistance along the whole Danube River.
Within the research project, isolates from samples from the entire course of the Danube and their
main tributaries, including high frequency sampling at selected locations, have been collected and
analysed. Samples from the water compartment but also from submerged biofilms have been
considered. State-of-the-art quantitative molecular biological techniques and culture-based analyses
targeting different bacterial organisms have been combined with a large set of physical, chemical and
biological parameters to obtain a robust and comprehensive picture of the occurrence and spread of
human-induced antimicrobial resistance in the Danube River.
Based on the findings of this quantitative, integrative study approach, it seems likely to significantly
improve the current understanding on the importance on the spread and stabilization of human -
induced antibiotic resistance in large rivers. The results of this study will also be useful to guide future
monitoring and management strategies.",
publisher = "Neuburg:  Aueninstitut Neuburg",
journal = "43rd IAD Conference: Rivers and Floodplains in the Antropocene: Upcoming Challenges in the Danube River Basin",
title = "Occurrence and spread of human- induced antimicrobial resistance in a large river water system: developing a holistic picture based on the Joint Danube Survey 4 activities",
pages = "20",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_4731"
}

Kirschner, A. K.T., Kittinger, C., Schachner, I., Jakwerth, S., Koller, M., Kolarević, S., Kračun-Kolarević, M., Toumi, M., Farkas, R., Tóth, E., Kandler, W., Sulyok, M., Savio, D., Farnleitner, A. H.,& Zarfel, G.. (2021). Occurrence and spread of human- induced antimicrobial resistance in a large river water system: developing a holistic picture based on the Joint Danube Survey 4 activities. in 43rd IAD Conference: Rivers and Floodplains in the Antropocene: Upcoming Challenges in the Danube River Basin
Neuburg:  Aueninstitut Neuburg., 20.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_4731

Kirschner AK, Kittinger C, Schachner I, Jakwerth S, Koller M, Kolarević S, Kračun-Kolarević M, Toumi M, Farkas R, Tóth E, Kandler W, Sulyok M, Savio D, Farnleitner AH, Zarfel G. Occurrence and spread of human- induced antimicrobial resistance in a large river water system: developing a holistic picture based on the Joint Danube Survey 4 activities. in 43rd IAD Conference: Rivers and Floodplains in the Antropocene: Upcoming Challenges in the Danube River Basin. 2021;:20.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_4731 .

Kirschner, Alexander K.T., Kittinger, Clemens, Schachner, Iris, Jakwerth, Stefan, Koller, Michael, Kolarević, Stoimir, Kračun-Kolarević, Margareta, Toumi, Marwene, Farkas, Rosza, Tóth, Erika, Kandler, W, Sulyok, M, Savio, Domenico, Farnleitner, Andreas H., Zarfel, Gernot, "Occurrence and spread of human- induced antimicrobial resistance in a large river water system: developing a holistic picture based on the Joint Danube Survey 4 activities" in 43rd IAD Conference: Rivers and Floodplains in the Antropocene: Upcoming Challenges in the Danube River Basin (2021):20,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_4731 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Koller, Michael
AU  - Hack, Kerstin
AU  - Dielacher, Irina
AU  - Wachter, Julian
AU  - Schachner, Iris
AU  - Jakwerth, Stefan
AU  - Kolarević, Stoimir
AU  - Kračun-Kolarević, Margareta
AU  - Tóth, Erika
AU  - Savio, Domenico
AU  - Farnleitner, Andreas H.
AU  - Kittinger, Clemens
AU  - Kirschner, Alexander K.T.
AU  - Zarfel, Gernot
PY  - 2021
UR  - http://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4730
AB  - Introduction
The emerging occurrence of human induced antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) is not only limited to
clinical surroundings: they can also be found in the human population, animals and the water
environment. Large rivers are of great concern as regards the spreading of ARB. Thus, this ongoing
study ́s aim is to analyze the major propagation pathways and sources of ARB in the Danube, and to
do a six-year-comparison with data obtained in 2013.
Study design and methods
Within the frame of the 4th Joint Danube Survey (JDS) of the International Commission for the
Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR), water samples were taken at 36 sampling points along the
whole Danube. Escherichia coli as clinically relevant organisms were isolated and tested for their
susceptibility to 20 different antibiotics.
Results
1298 E. coli isolates have been tested so far. 11.33 % of them were multiresistant and 23.19 % were
resistant to one or two classes of antibiotics. The preliminary data show a very similar pattern
compared to the data obtained in 2013 (629 isolates) when 9.70 % of the isolates were multiresistant
and 29.09 % were resistant to one or two classes of antibiotics. Most of the resistances are still to
ampicillin and tetracycline. There are no resistances to carbapenems, colistin, amikacin and tigecycline.
But there is a significant increase in resistances to amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, moxifloxacin and
piperacillin with tazobactam and a significant decrease regarding tetracycline. 21 isolates are
confirmed ESBL-producers while in 2013 there were four.
Discussion
In comparison the data of 2013 and 2019 show a similar pattern regarding multiresistance. Regarding
resistances to single antibiotics significant changes could be determined. However, there are still many
of the isolates to be tested until the final analysis.
PB  - Neuburg:  Aueninstitut Neuburg
C3  - 43rd IAD Conference: Rivers and Floodplains in the Antropocene: Upcoming Challenges in the Danube River Basin
T1  - Non-wild type antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli in the River Danube: a six-year-comparison
SP  - 30
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_4730
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Koller, Michael and Hack, Kerstin and Dielacher, Irina and Wachter, Julian and Schachner, Iris and Jakwerth, Stefan and Kolarević, Stoimir and Kračun-Kolarević, Margareta and Tóth, Erika and Savio, Domenico and Farnleitner, Andreas H. and Kittinger, Clemens and Kirschner, Alexander K.T. and Zarfel, Gernot",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Introduction
The emerging occurrence of human induced antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) is not only limited to
clinical surroundings: they can also be found in the human population, animals and the water
environment. Large rivers are of great concern as regards the spreading of ARB. Thus, this ongoing
study ́s aim is to analyze the major propagation pathways and sources of ARB in the Danube, and to
do a six-year-comparison with data obtained in 2013.
Study design and methods
Within the frame of the 4th Joint Danube Survey (JDS) of the International Commission for the
Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR), water samples were taken at 36 sampling points along the
whole Danube. Escherichia coli as clinically relevant organisms were isolated and tested for their
susceptibility to 20 different antibiotics.
Results
1298 E. coli isolates have been tested so far. 11.33 % of them were multiresistant and 23.19 % were
resistant to one or two classes of antibiotics. The preliminary data show a very similar pattern
compared to the data obtained in 2013 (629 isolates) when 9.70 % of the isolates were multiresistant
and 29.09 % were resistant to one or two classes of antibiotics. Most of the resistances are still to
ampicillin and tetracycline. There are no resistances to carbapenems, colistin, amikacin and tigecycline.
But there is a significant increase in resistances to amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, moxifloxacin and
piperacillin with tazobactam and a significant decrease regarding tetracycline. 21 isolates are
confirmed ESBL-producers while in 2013 there were four.
Discussion
In comparison the data of 2013 and 2019 show a similar pattern regarding multiresistance. Regarding
resistances to single antibiotics significant changes could be determined. However, there are still many
of the isolates to be tested until the final analysis.",
publisher = "Neuburg:  Aueninstitut Neuburg",
journal = "43rd IAD Conference: Rivers and Floodplains in the Antropocene: Upcoming Challenges in the Danube River Basin",
title = "Non-wild type antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli in the River Danube: a six-year-comparison",
pages = "30",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_4730"
}

Koller, M., Hack, K., Dielacher, I., Wachter, J., Schachner, I., Jakwerth, S., Kolarević, S., Kračun-Kolarević, M., Tóth, E., Savio, D., Farnleitner, A. H., Kittinger, C., Kirschner, A. K.T.,& Zarfel, G.. (2021). Non-wild type antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli in the River Danube: a six-year-comparison. in 43rd IAD Conference: Rivers and Floodplains in the Antropocene: Upcoming Challenges in the Danube River Basin
Neuburg:  Aueninstitut Neuburg., 30.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_4730

Koller M, Hack K, Dielacher I, Wachter J, Schachner I, Jakwerth S, Kolarević S, Kračun-Kolarević M, Tóth E, Savio D, Farnleitner AH, Kittinger C, Kirschner AK, Zarfel G. Non-wild type antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli in the River Danube: a six-year-comparison. in 43rd IAD Conference: Rivers and Floodplains in the Antropocene: Upcoming Challenges in the Danube River Basin. 2021;:30.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_4730 .

Koller, Michael, Hack, Kerstin, Dielacher, Irina, Wachter, Julian, Schachner, Iris, Jakwerth, Stefan, Kolarević, Stoimir, Kračun-Kolarević, Margareta, Tóth, Erika, Savio, Domenico, Farnleitner, Andreas H., Kittinger, Clemens, Kirschner, Alexander K.T., Zarfel, Gernot, "Non-wild type antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli in the River Danube: a six-year-comparison" in 43rd IAD Conference: Rivers and Floodplains in the Antropocene: Upcoming Challenges in the Danube River Basin (2021):30,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_4730 .

TY  - CHAP
AU  - Kolarević, Stoimir
AU  - Kračun-Kolarević, Margareta
AU  - Jovanović, Jovana
AU  - Ilić, Marija
AU  - Paunović, Momir
AU  - Kostić-Vuković, Jovana
AU  - Martinović, Rajko
AU  - Jokanović, Sandra
AU  - Joksimović, Danijela
AU  - Pešić, Vladimir
AU  - Kirschner, Alexander K. T.
AU  - Linke, Rita
AU  - Ixenmaier, Simone
AU  - Farnleitner, Andreas
AU  - Savio, Domenico
AU  - Reischer, Georg
AU  - Tomić, Nevenka
AU  - Vuković-Gačić, Branka
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/698_2019_420
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3952
AB  - The literature data on the microbiological water quality of the surface and groundwaters in Montenegro is very scarce. Therefore, this chapter aims to provide an insight in the microbiological water quality of rivers in Montenegro by compiling the data obtained in period 2009–2018 in national monitoring program and the data collected within the Montenegro survey in 2019 with an emphasis on the hotspots of faecal pollution and possible sources of pollution. Despite the high risk that poor implementation of wastewater treatment might represent for Montenegro, the obtained dataset indicates that overall microbiological water quality of rivers in Montenegro is quite good. About 80% of the investigated sites have bathing water quality according to Montenegrin legislation. Only four sites were identified as hotspots of faecal pollution where the human source of pollution prevails.
PB  - Springer
T2  - The Rivers of Montenegro
T2  - The Rivers of Montenegro
T1  - Microbiological Water Quality of Rivers in Montenegro
DO  - 10.1007/698_2019_420
SP  - 135
EP  - 155
ER  - 

@inbook{
editor = "Pešić, Vladimir, Paunović, Momir, Kostianoy, Andrey G.",
author = "Kolarević, Stoimir and Kračun-Kolarević, Margareta and Jovanović, Jovana and Ilić, Marija and Paunović, Momir and Kostić-Vuković, Jovana and Martinović, Rajko and Jokanović, Sandra and Joksimović, Danijela and Pešić, Vladimir and Kirschner, Alexander K. T. and Linke, Rita and Ixenmaier, Simone and Farnleitner, Andreas and Savio, Domenico and Reischer, Georg and Tomić, Nevenka and Vuković-Gačić, Branka",
year = "2020",
abstract = "The literature data on the microbiological water quality of the surface and groundwaters in Montenegro is very scarce. Therefore, this chapter aims to provide an insight in the microbiological water quality of rivers in Montenegro by compiling the data obtained in period 2009–2018 in national monitoring program and the data collected within the Montenegro survey in 2019 with an emphasis on the hotspots of faecal pollution and possible sources of pollution. Despite the high risk that poor implementation of wastewater treatment might represent for Montenegro, the obtained dataset indicates that overall microbiological water quality of rivers in Montenegro is quite good. About 80% of the investigated sites have bathing water quality according to Montenegrin legislation. Only four sites were identified as hotspots of faecal pollution where the human source of pollution prevails.",
publisher = "Springer",
journal = "The Rivers of Montenegro, The Rivers of Montenegro",
booktitle = "Microbiological Water Quality of Rivers in Montenegro",
doi = "10.1007/698_2019_420",
pages = "135-155"
}

Pešić, V., Paunović, M., Kostianoy, A. G., Kolarević, S., Kračun-Kolarević, M., Jovanović, J., Ilić, M., Paunović, M., Kostić-Vuković, J., Martinović, R., Jokanović, S., Joksimović, D., Pešić, V., Kirschner, A. K. T., Linke, R., Ixenmaier, S., Farnleitner, A., Savio, D., Reischer, G., Tomić, N.,& Vuković-Gačić, B.. (2020). Microbiological Water Quality of Rivers in Montenegro. in The Rivers of Montenegro
Springer., 135-155.
https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2019_420

Pešić V, Paunović M, Kostianoy AG, Kolarević S, Kračun-Kolarević M, Jovanović J, Ilić M, Paunović M, Kostić-Vuković J, Martinović R, Jokanović S, Joksimović D, Pešić V, Kirschner AKT, Linke R, Ixenmaier S, Farnleitner A, Savio D, Reischer G, Tomić N, Vuković-Gačić B. Microbiological Water Quality of Rivers in Montenegro. in The Rivers of Montenegro. 2020;:135-155.
doi:10.1007/698_2019_420 .

Pešić, Vladimir, Paunović, Momir, Kostianoy, Andrey G., Kolarević, Stoimir, Kračun-Kolarević, Margareta, Jovanović, Jovana, Ilić, Marija, Paunović, Momir, Kostić-Vuković, Jovana, Martinović, Rajko, Jokanović, Sandra, Joksimović, Danijela, Pešić, Vladimir, Kirschner, Alexander K. T., Linke, Rita, Ixenmaier, Simone, Farnleitner, Andreas, Savio, Domenico, Reischer, Georg, Tomić, Nevenka, Vuković-Gačić, Branka, "Microbiological Water Quality of Rivers in Montenegro" in The Rivers of Montenegro (2020):135-155,
https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2019_420 . .