TY  - JOUR
AU  - Živanović, Goran
AU  - Arenas, Concepcio
AU  - Mestres, Francesc
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6130
AB  - Climatic change is a serious problem because it can irreversibly modify most ecosystems. Many species try to survive by adapting, through natural selection, to the new climatic conditions. In this scenario, the inversion chromosomal polymorphism of Drosophila subobscura is an excellent natural system through which to study the adaptations of organisms to climatic change. For analyzing the response of inversions to global warming, the chromosomes of annual samples (2019-2022) from a Petnica (Serbia) D. subobscura population were analyzed. These results were compared with those from other populations of this species, but belonging to different climatic regions (Avala, also in Serbia, and Font Groga, Spain). In all cases significant differences were observed, indicating that the inversion composition conferring adaptive capacity to flies in these regions was different. In Petnica, not all inversions responded in the same way to climatic variables: those located in E and U chromosomes presented more changes. Moreover, by comparing data from 2019-2022 with those from a previous sample also from Petnica (1995), it was possible to relate the changes in meteorological variables to frequency variations of 'cold', 'warm', and 'non-thermal'-adapted inversions for these years. These results allow for a better understanding of the genetic adaptations to new environmental conditions.
PB  - Basel: MDPI
T2  - Insects
T1  - The Adaptive Value of Chromosomal Inversions and Climatic Change-Studies on the Natural Populations of Drosophila subobscura from the Balkans
IS  - 7
VL  - 14
DO  - 10.3390/insects14070596
SP  - 596
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Živanović, Goran and Arenas, Concepcio and Mestres, Francesc",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Climatic change is a serious problem because it can irreversibly modify most ecosystems. Many species try to survive by adapting, through natural selection, to the new climatic conditions. In this scenario, the inversion chromosomal polymorphism of Drosophila subobscura is an excellent natural system through which to study the adaptations of organisms to climatic change. For analyzing the response of inversions to global warming, the chromosomes of annual samples (2019-2022) from a Petnica (Serbia) D. subobscura population were analyzed. These results were compared with those from other populations of this species, but belonging to different climatic regions (Avala, also in Serbia, and Font Groga, Spain). In all cases significant differences were observed, indicating that the inversion composition conferring adaptive capacity to flies in these regions was different. In Petnica, not all inversions responded in the same way to climatic variables: those located in E and U chromosomes presented more changes. Moreover, by comparing data from 2019-2022 with those from a previous sample also from Petnica (1995), it was possible to relate the changes in meteorological variables to frequency variations of 'cold', 'warm', and 'non-thermal'-adapted inversions for these years. These results allow for a better understanding of the genetic adaptations to new environmental conditions.",
publisher = "Basel: MDPI",
journal = "Insects",
title = "The Adaptive Value of Chromosomal Inversions and Climatic Change-Studies on the Natural Populations of Drosophila subobscura from the Balkans",
number = "7",
volume = "14",
doi = "10.3390/insects14070596",
pages = "596"
}

Živanović, G., Arenas, C.,& Mestres, F.. (2023). The Adaptive Value of Chromosomal Inversions and Climatic Change-Studies on the Natural Populations of Drosophila subobscura from the Balkans. in Insects
Basel: MDPI., 14(7), 596.
https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14070596

Živanović G, Arenas C, Mestres F. The Adaptive Value of Chromosomal Inversions and Climatic Change-Studies on the Natural Populations of Drosophila subobscura from the Balkans. in Insects. 2023;14(7):596.
doi:10.3390/insects14070596 .

Živanović, Goran, Arenas, Concepcio, Mestres, Francesc, "The Adaptive Value of Chromosomal Inversions and Climatic Change-Studies on the Natural Populations of Drosophila subobscura from the Balkans" in Insects, 14, no. 7 (2023):596,
https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14070596 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Živanović, Goran
AU  - Arenas, Conxita
AU  - Mestres, Francesc
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10709-019-00078-y
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3511
AB  - The changes of chromosomal inversion polymorphism composition of Drosophila subobscura in samples from Apatin (Serbia) were studied in a 24-years interval (1994-2018). The variation was significant for all autosomes and directional, increasing the inversions considered as 'warm', whereas those reported as 'cold' decreased. Furthermore, the Chromosomal Thermal Index (CTI), which allows studying the thermal adaptation of the whole karyotype increased significantly in that period of time. These results were in agreement with the indicators of global warming in Apatin: a trend to increase of the mean, maximum and minimum (this latter even significant) temperatures, and an erratic pattern of rainfall (also usual in global warming). The deviations from the Wright-Fisher model of genetic drift were used to consider the possible effect of migration or selection as evolutionary factors responsible for the change in inversion frequencies. To quantify approximately the rate of change in the frequencies, for each kind of inversions ('cold', 'warm' and 'non-thermal adapted'), the difference in frequency between the Apatin samples obtained in 1994 and 2018 was computed and then it was divided by the number of years elapsed. This rate was always higher (from twice as many as thirty times more depending on the autosome) for thermal adapted inversions ('cold' or 'warm') than the 'non-thermal' adapted. From this study, it could be concluded that the chromosomal inversions of D. subobscura could change (in composition and frequencies) in a predictable direction and a rather 'rapid' rhythm to adapt to the global warming scenario.
T2  - Genetica
T1  - Rate of change for the thermal adapted inversions in Drosophila subobscura.
DO  - 10.1007/s10709-019-00078-y
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Živanović, Goran and Arenas, Conxita and Mestres, Francesc",
year = "2019",
abstract = "The changes of chromosomal inversion polymorphism composition of Drosophila subobscura in samples from Apatin (Serbia) were studied in a 24-years interval (1994-2018). The variation was significant for all autosomes and directional, increasing the inversions considered as 'warm', whereas those reported as 'cold' decreased. Furthermore, the Chromosomal Thermal Index (CTI), which allows studying the thermal adaptation of the whole karyotype increased significantly in that period of time. These results were in agreement with the indicators of global warming in Apatin: a trend to increase of the mean, maximum and minimum (this latter even significant) temperatures, and an erratic pattern of rainfall (also usual in global warming). The deviations from the Wright-Fisher model of genetic drift were used to consider the possible effect of migration or selection as evolutionary factors responsible for the change in inversion frequencies. To quantify approximately the rate of change in the frequencies, for each kind of inversions ('cold', 'warm' and 'non-thermal adapted'), the difference in frequency between the Apatin samples obtained in 1994 and 2018 was computed and then it was divided by the number of years elapsed. This rate was always higher (from twice as many as thirty times more depending on the autosome) for thermal adapted inversions ('cold' or 'warm') than the 'non-thermal' adapted. From this study, it could be concluded that the chromosomal inversions of D. subobscura could change (in composition and frequencies) in a predictable direction and a rather 'rapid' rhythm to adapt to the global warming scenario.",
journal = "Genetica",
title = "Rate of change for the thermal adapted inversions in Drosophila subobscura.",
doi = "10.1007/s10709-019-00078-y"
}

Živanović, G., Arenas, C.,& Mestres, F.. (2019). Rate of change for the thermal adapted inversions in Drosophila subobscura.. in Genetica.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-019-00078-y

Živanović G, Arenas C, Mestres F. Rate of change for the thermal adapted inversions in Drosophila subobscura.. in Genetica. 2019;.
doi:10.1007/s10709-019-00078-y .

Živanović, Goran, Arenas, Conxita, Mestres, Francesc, "Rate of change for the thermal adapted inversions in Drosophila subobscura." in Genetica (2019),
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-019-00078-y . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mestres, Francesc
AU  - Živanović, Goran
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6727
AB  - The introduction of molecular markers, such as STR (Short Tandem Repeats), was a fundamental event in Forensic Genetics.It was possible to obtain individual genetic profiles that allowed to properly identify individuals with small probability of error. Furthermore, police officers soon discovered the investigative value provided by DNA databanks, defined as a collection of individual DNA profiles usually used to investigate crimes and identify suspects. In this article, the authors present the most common use of these police databanks, comment their draw-backs and how to overcome them. The usage and value of police DNA databanks in special criminal situations are also explained: cold cases, familial searches and dragnets. These three particular situations are described and commented in this article. In summary, although several technical, ethical-legal and international aspects have to be improved, police DNA databanks are really powerful investigation tools that allow solving a large number of criminal cases.
AB  - Uvođenje molekularnih markera, kao što je STR ‒ kratka tandemska ponavljanja, predstavljalo je ključni događaj u forenzičkoj genetici. Time je omogućeno dobijanje individualnih genetskih profila na osnovu kojih su se pojedinci mogli pravilno identifikovati s malom verovatnoćom greške. Pored toga, policijski istražitelji su ubrzo postali svesni koristi koju za istragu obezbeđuju DNK banke podataka, definisane kao zbirka individualnih DNK profila koja se uglavnom upotrebljava za istraživanje krivičnih dela i identifikaciju osumnjičenih. U ovom radu, autori prikazuju najuobičajenije načine korišćenja tih policijskih DNK banaka podataka, komentarišući njihove nedostatke i kako da se prevaziđu. Korišćenje i značaj policijskih DNK banaka podataka u specifičnim krivičnim predmetima takodje se objašnjavaju: zaboravljeni (tzv. hladni) slučajevi (engl. cold cases), istrage na osnovu krvnog srodstva i potrage za počiniocem. Upravo se ove tri specifične vrste predmeta opisuju i razmatraju u radu. Ukratko, iako izvesni tehnički, etičko-pravni i međunarodni aspekti moraju da se poboljšaju, policijske DNK banke podataka su zaista moćno sredstvo istrage koje doprinosi rešavanju velikog broja krivičnih predmeta.
PB  - Belgrade: Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies
T2  - Journal of Criminalistics and Law
T1  - Primene DNK banke podataka kao istražnog sredstva u rešavanju krivičnih predmeta
T1  - Some applications of DNA databanks as an investigative tool for solving criminal cases
VL  - 3
DO  - 10.5937/nabepo23-18139
SP  - 233
EP  - 250
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Mestres, Francesc and Živanović, Goran",
year = "2018",
abstract = "The introduction of molecular markers, such as STR (Short Tandem Repeats), was a fundamental event in Forensic Genetics.It was possible to obtain individual genetic profiles that allowed to properly identify individuals with small probability of error. Furthermore, police officers soon discovered the investigative value provided by DNA databanks, defined as a collection of individual DNA profiles usually used to investigate crimes and identify suspects. In this article, the authors present the most common use of these police databanks, comment their draw-backs and how to overcome them. The usage and value of police DNA databanks in special criminal situations are also explained: cold cases, familial searches and dragnets. These three particular situations are described and commented in this article. In summary, although several technical, ethical-legal and international aspects have to be improved, police DNA databanks are really powerful investigation tools that allow solving a large number of criminal cases., Uvođenje molekularnih markera, kao što je STR ‒ kratka tandemska ponavljanja, predstavljalo je ključni događaj u forenzičkoj genetici. Time je omogućeno dobijanje individualnih genetskih profila na osnovu kojih su se pojedinci mogli pravilno identifikovati s malom verovatnoćom greške. Pored toga, policijski istražitelji su ubrzo postali svesni koristi koju za istragu obezbeđuju DNK banke podataka, definisane kao zbirka individualnih DNK profila koja se uglavnom upotrebljava za istraživanje krivičnih dela i identifikaciju osumnjičenih. U ovom radu, autori prikazuju najuobičajenije načine korišćenja tih policijskih DNK banaka podataka, komentarišući njihove nedostatke i kako da se prevaziđu. Korišćenje i značaj policijskih DNK banaka podataka u specifičnim krivičnim predmetima takodje se objašnjavaju: zaboravljeni (tzv. hladni) slučajevi (engl. cold cases), istrage na osnovu krvnog srodstva i potrage za počiniocem. Upravo se ove tri specifične vrste predmeta opisuju i razmatraju u radu. Ukratko, iako izvesni tehnički, etičko-pravni i međunarodni aspekti moraju da se poboljšaju, policijske DNK banke podataka su zaista moćno sredstvo istrage koje doprinosi rešavanju velikog broja krivičnih predmeta.",
publisher = "Belgrade: Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies",
journal = "Journal of Criminalistics and Law",
title = "Primene DNK banke podataka kao istražnog sredstva u rešavanju krivičnih predmeta, Some applications of DNA databanks as an investigative tool for solving criminal cases",
volume = "3",
doi = "10.5937/nabepo23-18139",
pages = "233-250"
}

Mestres, F.,& Živanović, G.. (2018). Primene DNK banke podataka kao istražnog sredstva u rešavanju krivičnih predmeta. in Journal of Criminalistics and Law
Belgrade: Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies., 3, 233-250.
https://doi.org/10.5937/nabepo23-18139

Mestres F, Živanović G. Primene DNK banke podataka kao istražnog sredstva u rešavanju krivičnih predmeta. in Journal of Criminalistics and Law. 2018;3:233-250.
doi:10.5937/nabepo23-18139 .

Mestres, Francesc, Živanović, Goran, "Primene DNK banke podataka kao istražnog sredstva u rešavanju krivičnih predmeta" in Journal of Criminalistics and Law, 3 (2018):233-250,
https://doi.org/10.5937/nabepo23-18139 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Arenas, Conxita
AU  - Živanović, Goran
AU  - Mestres, Francesc
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/gen-2017-0124
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3001
AB  - Drosophila has demonstrated to be an excellent model to study the adaptation of organisms to global warming, with inversion chromosomal polymorphism having a key role in this adaptation. Here, we introduce a new index (Chromosomal Thermal Index or CTI) to quantify the thermal adaptation of a population according to its composition of "warm" and "cold" adapted inversions. This index is intuitive, has good statistical properties, and can be used to hypothesis on the effect of global warming on natural populations. We show the usefulness of CTI using data from European populations of D. subobscura, sampled in different years. Out of 15 comparisons over time, nine showed significant increase of CTI, in accordance with global warming expectations. Although large regions of the genome outside inversions contain thermal adaptation genes, our results show that the total amount of warm or cold inversions in populations seems to be directly involved in thermal adaptation, whereas the interactions between the inversions content of homologous and non-homologous chromosomes are not relevant.
PB  - Canadian Science Publishing
T2  - Genome
T1  - Chromosomal Thermal Index: a comprehensive way to integrate the thermal adaptation of Drosophila subobscura whole karyotype.
IS  - 2
VL  - 61
DO  - 10.1139/gen-2017-0124
SP  - 73
EP  - 78
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Arenas, Conxita and Živanović, Goran and Mestres, Francesc",
year = "2018",
abstract = "Drosophila has demonstrated to be an excellent model to study the adaptation of organisms to global warming, with inversion chromosomal polymorphism having a key role in this adaptation. Here, we introduce a new index (Chromosomal Thermal Index or CTI) to quantify the thermal adaptation of a population according to its composition of "warm" and "cold" adapted inversions. This index is intuitive, has good statistical properties, and can be used to hypothesis on the effect of global warming on natural populations. We show the usefulness of CTI using data from European populations of D. subobscura, sampled in different years. Out of 15 comparisons over time, nine showed significant increase of CTI, in accordance with global warming expectations. Although large regions of the genome outside inversions contain thermal adaptation genes, our results show that the total amount of warm or cold inversions in populations seems to be directly involved in thermal adaptation, whereas the interactions between the inversions content of homologous and non-homologous chromosomes are not relevant.",
publisher = "Canadian Science Publishing",
journal = "Genome",
title = "Chromosomal Thermal Index: a comprehensive way to integrate the thermal adaptation of Drosophila subobscura whole karyotype.",
number = "2",
volume = "61",
doi = "10.1139/gen-2017-0124",
pages = "73-78"
}

Arenas, C., Živanović, G.,& Mestres, F.. (2018). Chromosomal Thermal Index: a comprehensive way to integrate the thermal adaptation of Drosophila subobscura whole karyotype.. in Genome
Canadian Science Publishing., 61(2), 73-78.
https://doi.org/10.1139/gen-2017-0124

Arenas C, Živanović G, Mestres F. Chromosomal Thermal Index: a comprehensive way to integrate the thermal adaptation of Drosophila subobscura whole karyotype.. in Genome. 2018;61(2):73-78.
doi:10.1139/gen-2017-0124 .

Arenas, Conxita, Živanović, Goran, Mestres, Francesc, "Chromosomal Thermal Index: a comprehensive way to integrate the thermal adaptation of Drosophila subobscura whole karyotype." in Genome, 61, no. 2 (2018):73-78,
https://doi.org/10.1139/gen-2017-0124 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Živanović, Goran
AU  - Arenas, Conxita
AU  - Mestres, Francesc
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1944
T2  - Journal of Genetics
T1  - Medium-term changes in Drosophila subobscura chromosomal inversion
 polymorphism: a possible relation with global warming?
IS  - 2
VL  - 94
SP  - 343
EP  - 346
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1944
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Živanović, Goran and Arenas, Conxita and Mestres, Francesc",
year = "2015",
journal = "Journal of Genetics",
title = "Medium-term changes in Drosophila subobscura chromosomal inversion
 polymorphism: a possible relation with global warming?",
number = "2",
volume = "94",
pages = "343-346",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1944"
}

Živanović, G., Arenas, C.,& Mestres, F.. (2015). Medium-term changes in Drosophila subobscura chromosomal inversion
 polymorphism: a possible relation with global warming?. in Journal of Genetics, 94(2), 343-346.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1944

Živanović G, Arenas C, Mestres F. Medium-term changes in Drosophila subobscura chromosomal inversion
 polymorphism: a possible relation with global warming?. in Journal of Genetics. 2015;94(2):343-346.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1944 .

Živanović, Goran, Arenas, Conxita, Mestres, Francesc, "Medium-term changes in Drosophila subobscura chromosomal inversion
 polymorphism: a possible relation with global warming?" in Journal of Genetics, 94, no. 2 (2015):343-346,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1944 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Živanović, Goran
AU  - Arenas, Conxita
AU  - Mestres, Francesc
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2161
AB  - Using a well-adapted Drosophila subobscura population (Avala, Serbia), a
   drastic experiment of inbreeding was carried out to assess whether the
   expected level of homozygosity could be reached or if other evolutionary
   forces affected the process. In general, no significant changes of
   inversion (or arrangement) frequencies were detected after 12
   brother-sister mating generations. Furthermore, no significant
   differences were obtained between observed and expected (under the
   inbreeding model) karyotypic frequencies. Thus, these results seemed to
   indicate that the main evolutionary factor in the experiment was
   inbreeding. However, in the G(12) generation, complete chromosomal
   fixation was reached only in two out of the eight final inbred lines. In
   these lines, the chromosomal compositions were difficult to interpret,
   but they could be likely a consequence of adaptation to particular
   laboratory conditions (constant 18 degrees C, food, light period, etc.).
   Finally, in a second experiment, the inbred lines presented higher
   fertility at 18 degrees C than at 13 degrees C. Also, there was a
   significant line effect on fertility: inbred line number 6 (A(1), J(1),
   U(1) under bar+(2) under bar; U(1) under bar+(2) under bar+(6) under
   bar, E-8, and O (3) under bar (+(4) under bar+(7) under bar)) presented
   the highest values, which maybe the result of an adaptation to
   laboratory conditions. Thus, the results obtained in our experiments
   reflect the adaptive potential of D. subobscura inversions.
T2  - Genome
T1  - Inbreeding and thermal adaptation in Drosophila subobscura
IS  - 9
VL  - 57
DO  - 10.1139/gen-2014-0149
SP  - 481
EP  - 488
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Živanović, Goran and Arenas, Conxita and Mestres, Francesc",
year = "2014",
abstract = "Using a well-adapted Drosophila subobscura population (Avala, Serbia), a
   drastic experiment of inbreeding was carried out to assess whether the
   expected level of homozygosity could be reached or if other evolutionary
   forces affected the process. In general, no significant changes of
   inversion (or arrangement) frequencies were detected after 12
   brother-sister mating generations. Furthermore, no significant
   differences were obtained between observed and expected (under the
   inbreeding model) karyotypic frequencies. Thus, these results seemed to
   indicate that the main evolutionary factor in the experiment was
   inbreeding. However, in the G(12) generation, complete chromosomal
   fixation was reached only in two out of the eight final inbred lines. In
   these lines, the chromosomal compositions were difficult to interpret,
   but they could be likely a consequence of adaptation to particular
   laboratory conditions (constant 18 degrees C, food, light period, etc.).
   Finally, in a second experiment, the inbred lines presented higher
   fertility at 18 degrees C than at 13 degrees C. Also, there was a
   significant line effect on fertility: inbred line number 6 (A(1), J(1),
   U(1) under bar+(2) under bar; U(1) under bar+(2) under bar+(6) under
   bar, E-8, and O (3) under bar (+(4) under bar+(7) under bar)) presented
   the highest values, which maybe the result of an adaptation to
   laboratory conditions. Thus, the results obtained in our experiments
   reflect the adaptive potential of D. subobscura inversions.",
journal = "Genome",
title = "Inbreeding and thermal adaptation in Drosophila subobscura",
number = "9",
volume = "57",
doi = "10.1139/gen-2014-0149",
pages = "481-488"
}

Živanović, G., Arenas, C.,& Mestres, F.. (2014). Inbreeding and thermal adaptation in Drosophila subobscura. in Genome, 57(9), 481-488.
https://doi.org/10.1139/gen-2014-0149

Živanović G, Arenas C, Mestres F. Inbreeding and thermal adaptation in Drosophila subobscura. in Genome. 2014;57(9):481-488.
doi:10.1139/gen-2014-0149 .

Živanović, Goran, Arenas, Conxita, Mestres, Francesc, "Inbreeding and thermal adaptation in Drosophila subobscura" in Genome, 57, no. 9 (2014):481-488,
https://doi.org/10.1139/gen-2014-0149 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Živanović, Goran
AU  - Arenas, Conxita
AU  - Mestres, Francesc
PY  - 2012
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1214
AB  - The chromosomal inversion polymorphism of Drosophila subobscura is adaptive to environmental changes. The population of Petnica, Serbia, was chosen to analyze short- and long-term changes in this polymorphism. Short-term changes were studied in the samples collected in May, June, and August of 1995. The inversion polymorphism varied over these months, although various interpretations are possible. To analyze long-term changes, samples obtained in May 1995 and May 2010 were compared. The frequency of the "cold" adapted inversions (A(st), J(st), U-st, E-st, and O-st) decreased and that of the "warm" adapted inversions (A(2), J(1), U1+2, and O3+4) increased, from 1995 to 2010. These changes are consistent with the general increase in temperature recorded in Petnica for the same period. Finally, the possible response of chromosomal polymorphism to global warming was analyzed at the regional level (Balkan peninsula). This polymorphism depends on the ecological conditions of the populations, and the changes observed appear to be consistent with global warming expectations. Natural selection seems to be the main mechanism responsible for the evolution of this chromosomal polymorphism.
T2  - Israel Journal of Ecology & Evolution
T1  - Short- and Long-Term Changes in Chromosomal Inversion Polymorphism and Global Warming: Drosophila Subobscura From the Balkans
IS  - 4
VL  - 58
EP  - 311
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1214
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Živanović, Goran and Arenas, Conxita and Mestres, Francesc",
year = "2012",
abstract = "The chromosomal inversion polymorphism of Drosophila subobscura is adaptive to environmental changes. The population of Petnica, Serbia, was chosen to analyze short- and long-term changes in this polymorphism. Short-term changes were studied in the samples collected in May, June, and August of 1995. The inversion polymorphism varied over these months, although various interpretations are possible. To analyze long-term changes, samples obtained in May 1995 and May 2010 were compared. The frequency of the "cold" adapted inversions (A(st), J(st), U-st, E-st, and O-st) decreased and that of the "warm" adapted inversions (A(2), J(1), U1+2, and O3+4) increased, from 1995 to 2010. These changes are consistent with the general increase in temperature recorded in Petnica for the same period. Finally, the possible response of chromosomal polymorphism to global warming was analyzed at the regional level (Balkan peninsula). This polymorphism depends on the ecological conditions of the populations, and the changes observed appear to be consistent with global warming expectations. Natural selection seems to be the main mechanism responsible for the evolution of this chromosomal polymorphism.",
journal = "Israel Journal of Ecology & Evolution",
title = "Short- and Long-Term Changes in Chromosomal Inversion Polymorphism and Global Warming: Drosophila Subobscura From the Balkans",
number = "4",
volume = "58",
pages = "311",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1214"
}

Živanović, G., Arenas, C.,& Mestres, F.. (2012). Short- and Long-Term Changes in Chromosomal Inversion Polymorphism and Global Warming: Drosophila Subobscura From the Balkans. in Israel Journal of Ecology & Evolution, 58(4).
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1214

Živanović G, Arenas C, Mestres F. Short- and Long-Term Changes in Chromosomal Inversion Polymorphism and Global Warming: Drosophila Subobscura From the Balkans. in Israel Journal of Ecology & Evolution. 2012;58(4):null-311.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1214 .

Živanović, Goran, Arenas, Conxita, Mestres, Francesc, "Short- and Long-Term Changes in Chromosomal Inversion Polymorphism and Global Warming: Drosophila Subobscura From the Balkans" in Israel Journal of Ecology & Evolution, 58, no. 4 (2012),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1214 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Živanović, Goran
AU  - Arenas, Concepcio
AU  - Mestres, Francesc
PY  - 2011
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1256
AB  - Lethal chromosomal frequencies were obtained from three Drosophila subobscura samples from the Mt. Avala (Serbia) population in September 2003 (0.218), June 2004 (0.204) and September 2004 (0.250). These values and those from other Balkan populations studied previously (Petnica, Kamariste, Zanjic and Djerdap) were used to analyze the possible effect of population, year, month and altitude above sea level on lethal chromosomal frequencies. According to ANOVAS no effect were observed. Furthermore, the lethal frequencies of the Balkan populations did not vary according to latitude. This is probably due to the relative proximity and high gene flow between these populations. From a joint study of all the Palearctic D. subobscura populations so far analyzed, it can be deduced that the Balkan populations are located in the central area of the species distribution. Finally, it seems that lethal chromosomal frequencies are a consequence of the genetic structure of the populations. DOI: 10.1134/S1022795411100188
T2  - Russian Journal of Genetics
T1  - O-Chromosome Lethal Frequencies in Serbian and Montenegrin Drosophila subobscura Populations
IS  - 10
VL  - 47
EP  - 1220
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1256
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Živanović, Goran and Arenas, Concepcio and Mestres, Francesc",
year = "2011",
abstract = "Lethal chromosomal frequencies were obtained from three Drosophila subobscura samples from the Mt. Avala (Serbia) population in September 2003 (0.218), June 2004 (0.204) and September 2004 (0.250). These values and those from other Balkan populations studied previously (Petnica, Kamariste, Zanjic and Djerdap) were used to analyze the possible effect of population, year, month and altitude above sea level on lethal chromosomal frequencies. According to ANOVAS no effect were observed. Furthermore, the lethal frequencies of the Balkan populations did not vary according to latitude. This is probably due to the relative proximity and high gene flow between these populations. From a joint study of all the Palearctic D. subobscura populations so far analyzed, it can be deduced that the Balkan populations are located in the central area of the species distribution. Finally, it seems that lethal chromosomal frequencies are a consequence of the genetic structure of the populations. DOI: 10.1134/S1022795411100188",
journal = "Russian Journal of Genetics",
title = "O-Chromosome Lethal Frequencies in Serbian and Montenegrin Drosophila subobscura Populations",
number = "10",
volume = "47",
pages = "1220",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1256"
}

Živanović, G., Arenas, C.,& Mestres, F.. (2011). O-Chromosome Lethal Frequencies in Serbian and Montenegrin Drosophila subobscura Populations. in Russian Journal of Genetics, 47(10).
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1256

Živanović G, Arenas C, Mestres F. O-Chromosome Lethal Frequencies in Serbian and Montenegrin Drosophila subobscura Populations. in Russian Journal of Genetics. 2011;47(10):null-1220.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1256 .

Živanović, Goran, Arenas, Concepcio, Mestres, Francesc, "O-Chromosome Lethal Frequencies in Serbian and Montenegrin Drosophila subobscura Populations" in Russian Journal of Genetics, 47, no. 10 (2011),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1256 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Živanović, Goran
AU  - Mestres, Francesc
PY  - 2011
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1326
AB  - In this study, chromosomal inversion polymorphism data for a natural population of Drosophila subobscura from a swampy region near the town of Apatin (Serbia) were compared with data for the same population collected approximately 15 years earlier. The pattern of chromosomal inversion polymorphism changed over time. There were significant increases in the frequency of characteristic southern latitude ("warm" adapted) chromosomal arrangements and significant decreases in the frequency of characteristic northern latitude ("cold" adapted) chromosomal arrangements in the O and U chromosomes. The chromosomal arrangements O(3+4) and O(3+4+22) (derived from the O(3+4) arrangement) showed significant increases in 2008 and 2009 with regard to the 1994 sample. There was also a significant increase (similar to 50%) in the U(1+2) arrangement, while U(1+8+2) (a typical southern arrangement) was detected for the first time. Since the Apatin swampy population of D. subobscura has existed for a long time in a stable habitat with high humidity that has not been changed by man our results indicate that natural selection has produced chromosomal changes in response to the increase in temperature that has occurred in the Balkan Peninsula of central southeastern European.
T2  - Genetics and Molecular Biology
T1  - Changes in chromosomal polymorphism and global warming: The case of Drosophila subobscura from Apatin (Serbia)
IS  - 3
VL  - 34
EP  - 495
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1326
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Živanović, Goran and Mestres, Francesc",
year = "2011",
abstract = "In this study, chromosomal inversion polymorphism data for a natural population of Drosophila subobscura from a swampy region near the town of Apatin (Serbia) were compared with data for the same population collected approximately 15 years earlier. The pattern of chromosomal inversion polymorphism changed over time. There were significant increases in the frequency of characteristic southern latitude ("warm" adapted) chromosomal arrangements and significant decreases in the frequency of characteristic northern latitude ("cold" adapted) chromosomal arrangements in the O and U chromosomes. The chromosomal arrangements O(3+4) and O(3+4+22) (derived from the O(3+4) arrangement) showed significant increases in 2008 and 2009 with regard to the 1994 sample. There was also a significant increase (similar to 50%) in the U(1+2) arrangement, while U(1+8+2) (a typical southern arrangement) was detected for the first time. Since the Apatin swampy population of D. subobscura has existed for a long time in a stable habitat with high humidity that has not been changed by man our results indicate that natural selection has produced chromosomal changes in response to the increase in temperature that has occurred in the Balkan Peninsula of central southeastern European.",
journal = "Genetics and Molecular Biology",
title = "Changes in chromosomal polymorphism and global warming: The case of Drosophila subobscura from Apatin (Serbia)",
number = "3",
volume = "34",
pages = "495",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1326"
}

Živanović, G.,& Mestres, F.. (2011). Changes in chromosomal polymorphism and global warming: The case of Drosophila subobscura from Apatin (Serbia). in Genetics and Molecular Biology, 34(3).
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1326

Živanović G, Mestres F. Changes in chromosomal polymorphism and global warming: The case of Drosophila subobscura from Apatin (Serbia). in Genetics and Molecular Biology. 2011;34(3):null-495.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1326 .

Živanović, Goran, Mestres, Francesc, "Changes in chromosomal polymorphism and global warming: The case of Drosophila subobscura from Apatin (Serbia)" in Genetics and Molecular Biology, 34, no. 3 (2011),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1326 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Živanović, Goran
AU  - Mestres, Francesc
PY  - 2010
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1391
AB  - Here we report the viability of natural chromosomal O-inversion structural homo- and heterokaryotypes in a population of D. subobscura from Avala Mountain, Serbia, subjected to cold and heat stress during spring 2004. These results were compared with those observed in the same population in September 2004. We detected protection of a great number of lethal genes in O-chromosome lethal heterozygous combinations, independently of inversion backgrounds and temperature stress. The positive epistatic interactions of mildly-deleterious genes observed only in O-inversion heterokaryotypes (at distinct temperatures) and lethal genes in O-inversion homokaryotypes (under temperature stress only) could be responsible for reducing the genetic load. The seasonal fluctuations in frequencies of several chromosomal arrangements and karyotypes indicate a seasonal adaptation to changeable environmental conditions. The sample of D. subobscura collected in spring 2004 was tolerant to cold but not to heat, and these results point to tolerance to extreme low temperatures, possibly as a result of natural selection. Also, a non-random distribution of distinct combinations of viability classes among several O-inversion karyotypes (under both optimal conditions and heat stress) was observed. This observation could be taken as evidence of co-adaptation: different capacities of several O-inversion karyotypes with different combinations of genes to tolerate a range of temperatures. We conclude that frequency-dependent and supergene selection are balancing selection mechanisms and are responsible for the protection of chromosomal inversions in natural populations of D. subobscura.
T2  - Hereditas
T1  - Viabilities of D-subobscura homo- and heterokaryotypes at optimal and stress temperatures. II. Seasonal component analysis
IS  - 2
VL  - 147
EP  - 89
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1391
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Živanović, Goran and Mestres, Francesc",
year = "2010",
abstract = "Here we report the viability of natural chromosomal O-inversion structural homo- and heterokaryotypes in a population of D. subobscura from Avala Mountain, Serbia, subjected to cold and heat stress during spring 2004. These results were compared with those observed in the same population in September 2004. We detected protection of a great number of lethal genes in O-chromosome lethal heterozygous combinations, independently of inversion backgrounds and temperature stress. The positive epistatic interactions of mildly-deleterious genes observed only in O-inversion heterokaryotypes (at distinct temperatures) and lethal genes in O-inversion homokaryotypes (under temperature stress only) could be responsible for reducing the genetic load. The seasonal fluctuations in frequencies of several chromosomal arrangements and karyotypes indicate a seasonal adaptation to changeable environmental conditions. The sample of D. subobscura collected in spring 2004 was tolerant to cold but not to heat, and these results point to tolerance to extreme low temperatures, possibly as a result of natural selection. Also, a non-random distribution of distinct combinations of viability classes among several O-inversion karyotypes (under both optimal conditions and heat stress) was observed. This observation could be taken as evidence of co-adaptation: different capacities of several O-inversion karyotypes with different combinations of genes to tolerate a range of temperatures. We conclude that frequency-dependent and supergene selection are balancing selection mechanisms and are responsible for the protection of chromosomal inversions in natural populations of D. subobscura.",
journal = "Hereditas",
title = "Viabilities of D-subobscura homo- and heterokaryotypes at optimal and stress temperatures. II. Seasonal component analysis",
number = "2",
volume = "147",
pages = "89",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1391"
}

Živanović, G.,& Mestres, F.. (2010). Viabilities of D-subobscura homo- and heterokaryotypes at optimal and stress temperatures. II. Seasonal component analysis. in Hereditas, 147(2).
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1391

Živanović G, Mestres F. Viabilities of D-subobscura homo- and heterokaryotypes at optimal and stress temperatures. II. Seasonal component analysis. in Hereditas. 2010;147(2):null-89.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1391 .

Živanović, Goran, Mestres, Francesc, "Viabilities of D-subobscura homo- and heterokaryotypes at optimal and stress temperatures. II. Seasonal component analysis" in Hereditas, 147, no. 2 (2010),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1391 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mestres, Francesc
AU  - Živanović, Goran
PY  - 2010
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1390
AB  - The interactions of lethal and non-lethal genes and their contributions to the viability of Drosophila inversion karyotypes are not well understood. This is especially true under variable environmental conditions. Here we examine the viability of natural chromosomal O-inversion homo- and heterokaryotypes in a D. subobscura population from Avala Mountain, Serbia. The observations we report were performed at a range of temperatures over several years. The heterotic effect of O-lethal heterozygotes on viability was found to be independent of the effects of inversion backgrounds and temperature. Positive epistatic interactions of lethal, mildly deleterious (subvital) and quasinormal (normal) genes were found in O-inversions in heterokaryotypes but not in homokaryotypes. These interactions were independent of temperature. This finding could explain the limitation of the genetic load in D. subobscura populations. In the population analyzed, annual fluctuations in the frequencies of certain chromosomal arrangements, karyotypes and non-lethal chromosomes under cold-stress temperatures seemed to indicate a correlation between these polymorphisms and environmental conditions. Our results indicate that there is a response in tolerance to extreme temperatures that may be due to natural selection. The differences in mean viability between some O-inversion karyotypic combinations indicate that there are differences in their tolerance to variable temperatures. All our results suggest that both frequency-dependent and supergene selection are mechanisms that protect O-chromosomal inversions. Chromosomal inversions may be genetically differentiated and coadapted complexes in D. subobscura populations.
T2  - Hereditas
T1  - Viabilities of Drosophila subobscura homo- and heterokaryotypes at optimal and stress temperatures. I. Analysis over several years
IS  - 2
VL  - 147
EP  - 81
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1390
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Mestres, Francesc and Živanović, Goran",
year = "2010",
abstract = "The interactions of lethal and non-lethal genes and their contributions to the viability of Drosophila inversion karyotypes are not well understood. This is especially true under variable environmental conditions. Here we examine the viability of natural chromosomal O-inversion homo- and heterokaryotypes in a D. subobscura population from Avala Mountain, Serbia. The observations we report were performed at a range of temperatures over several years. The heterotic effect of O-lethal heterozygotes on viability was found to be independent of the effects of inversion backgrounds and temperature. Positive epistatic interactions of lethal, mildly deleterious (subvital) and quasinormal (normal) genes were found in O-inversions in heterokaryotypes but not in homokaryotypes. These interactions were independent of temperature. This finding could explain the limitation of the genetic load in D. subobscura populations. In the population analyzed, annual fluctuations in the frequencies of certain chromosomal arrangements, karyotypes and non-lethal chromosomes under cold-stress temperatures seemed to indicate a correlation between these polymorphisms and environmental conditions. Our results indicate that there is a response in tolerance to extreme temperatures that may be due to natural selection. The differences in mean viability between some O-inversion karyotypic combinations indicate that there are differences in their tolerance to variable temperatures. All our results suggest that both frequency-dependent and supergene selection are mechanisms that protect O-chromosomal inversions. Chromosomal inversions may be genetically differentiated and coadapted complexes in D. subobscura populations.",
journal = "Hereditas",
title = "Viabilities of Drosophila subobscura homo- and heterokaryotypes at optimal and stress temperatures. I. Analysis over several years",
number = "2",
volume = "147",
pages = "81",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1390"
}

Mestres, F.,& Živanović, G.. (2010). Viabilities of Drosophila subobscura homo- and heterokaryotypes at optimal and stress temperatures. I. Analysis over several years. in Hereditas, 147(2).
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1390

Mestres F, Živanović G. Viabilities of Drosophila subobscura homo- and heterokaryotypes at optimal and stress temperatures. I. Analysis over several years. in Hereditas. 2010;147(2):null-81.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1390 .

Mestres, Francesc, Živanović, Goran, "Viabilities of Drosophila subobscura homo- and heterokaryotypes at optimal and stress temperatures. I. Analysis over several years" in Hereditas, 147, no. 2 (2010),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1390 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Arauz, Pedro A
AU  - Pegueroles, Cinta
AU  - Živanović, Goran
AU  - Fernandez-Iriarte, Pedro J
AU  - Ruiz-Martin, Hector
AU  - Balanya, Joan
AU  - Serra, Lluis
AU  - Mestres, Francesc
PY  - 2009
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1435
T2  - Hereditas
T1  - Recent origin of a chromosomal inversion revealed by its association with nucleotide haplotypes
IS  - 5
VL  - 146
EP  - 259
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1435
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Arauz, Pedro A and Pegueroles, Cinta and Živanović, Goran and Fernandez-Iriarte, Pedro J and Ruiz-Martin, Hector and Balanya, Joan and Serra, Lluis and Mestres, Francesc",
year = "2009",
journal = "Hereditas",
title = "Recent origin of a chromosomal inversion revealed by its association with nucleotide haplotypes",
number = "5",
volume = "146",
pages = "259",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1435"
}

Arauz, P. A., Pegueroles, C., Živanović, G., Fernandez-Iriarte, P. J., Ruiz-Martin, H., Balanya, J., Serra, L.,& Mestres, F.. (2009). Recent origin of a chromosomal inversion revealed by its association with nucleotide haplotypes. in Hereditas, 146(5).
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1435

Arauz PA, Pegueroles C, Živanović G, Fernandez-Iriarte PJ, Ruiz-Martin H, Balanya J, Serra L, Mestres F. Recent origin of a chromosomal inversion revealed by its association with nucleotide haplotypes. in Hereditas. 2009;146(5):null-259.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1435 .

Arauz, Pedro A, Pegueroles, Cinta, Živanović, Goran, Fernandez-Iriarte, Pedro J, Ruiz-Martin, Hector, Balanya, Joan, Serra, Lluis, Mestres, Francesc, "Recent origin of a chromosomal inversion revealed by its association with nucleotide haplotypes" in Hereditas, 146, no. 5 (2009),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1435 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Živanović, Goran
AU  - Arenas, Concepcio
AU  - Mestres, Francesc
PY  - 2007
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1582
AB  - Although Drosophila subobscura has been a model organism for European and American population geneticists, little information is available on the genetic structure of its natural populations. In this paper we report the estimates of some population parameters. We have used data from lethal allelism tests in four Balkan populations (Kamariste, Djerdap and Petnica in Serbia and Zanjic in Montenegro). In all populations, lethal genes were found to have a deleterious effect on heterozygotes. The N-e values varied greatly from 370 (Petnica) to 19413 (Kamariste), depending on the habitat conditions and some environmental factors. Finally, gene flow between the Balkan populations was detected by the estimates of N-m (from 4.68 in Petnica to 106.2 in Kamariste) and m (from 0.0041 in Djerdap to 0.0126 in Petnica). These results agree with those obtained in a previous study where the frequencies of allelism between populations were greater than predicted by independently arising lethal genes.
T2  - Hereditas
T1  - The genetic structure of Balkan populations of Drosophila subobscura
IS  - 4
VL  - 144
EP  - 128
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1582
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Živanović, Goran and Arenas, Concepcio and Mestres, Francesc",
year = "2007",
abstract = "Although Drosophila subobscura has been a model organism for European and American population geneticists, little information is available on the genetic structure of its natural populations. In this paper we report the estimates of some population parameters. We have used data from lethal allelism tests in four Balkan populations (Kamariste, Djerdap and Petnica in Serbia and Zanjic in Montenegro). In all populations, lethal genes were found to have a deleterious effect on heterozygotes. The N-e values varied greatly from 370 (Petnica) to 19413 (Kamariste), depending on the habitat conditions and some environmental factors. Finally, gene flow between the Balkan populations was detected by the estimates of N-m (from 4.68 in Petnica to 106.2 in Kamariste) and m (from 0.0041 in Djerdap to 0.0126 in Petnica). These results agree with those obtained in a previous study where the frequencies of allelism between populations were greater than predicted by independently arising lethal genes.",
journal = "Hereditas",
title = "The genetic structure of Balkan populations of Drosophila subobscura",
number = "4",
volume = "144",
pages = "128",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1582"
}

Živanović, G., Arenas, C.,& Mestres, F.. (2007). The genetic structure of Balkan populations of Drosophila subobscura. in Hereditas, 144(4).
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1582

Živanović G, Arenas C, Mestres F. The genetic structure of Balkan populations of Drosophila subobscura. in Hereditas. 2007;144(4):null-128.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1582 .

Živanović, Goran, Arenas, Concepcio, Mestres, Francesc, "The genetic structure of Balkan populations of Drosophila subobscura" in Hereditas, 144, no. 4 (2007),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1582 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Živanović, Goran
AU  - Mestres, Francesc
PY  - 2000
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1831
AB  - In populations of D. subobscura. a species that is know for its high chromosomal polymorphism, the O-5 inversion has a rather erratic frequency distribution in the Palearctic region. An O-5 lethal chromosomal line obtained from a Balkan population near Zanjic (South Adriatic, Montenegro, Yugoslavia) was tested for lethal allelism with other O-5 lethal chromosomal lines derived from American (USA and Chile) colonizing populations. and from the French population of Taule, No allelism was found between the Balkan lethal gene and those from America and France. Thus, the lethal genes of the O-5 inversions are not of the same origin and it is most probable that the American colonizations did not start from the Zanjic population The general difference in the chromosomal inversion polymorphism corroborates this conclusion. The cytological analysis confirms the assumption that all O-5 chromosomes studied are identical with respect to breakage points.
T2  - Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research
T1  - Lethal genes in O-5 chromosomes of Drosophila subobscura from Europe and America
IS  - 2
VL  - 38
EP  - 126
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1831
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Živanović, Goran and Mestres, Francesc",
year = "2000",
abstract = "In populations of D. subobscura. a species that is know for its high chromosomal polymorphism, the O-5 inversion has a rather erratic frequency distribution in the Palearctic region. An O-5 lethal chromosomal line obtained from a Balkan population near Zanjic (South Adriatic, Montenegro, Yugoslavia) was tested for lethal allelism with other O-5 lethal chromosomal lines derived from American (USA and Chile) colonizing populations. and from the French population of Taule, No allelism was found between the Balkan lethal gene and those from America and France. Thus, the lethal genes of the O-5 inversions are not of the same origin and it is most probable that the American colonizations did not start from the Zanjic population The general difference in the chromosomal inversion polymorphism corroborates this conclusion. The cytological analysis confirms the assumption that all O-5 chromosomes studied are identical with respect to breakage points.",
journal = "Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research",
title = "Lethal genes in O-5 chromosomes of Drosophila subobscura from Europe and America",
number = "2",
volume = "38",
pages = "126",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1831"
}

Živanović, G.,& Mestres, F.. (2000). Lethal genes in O-5 chromosomes of Drosophila subobscura from Europe and America. in Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 38(2).
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1831

Živanović G, Mestres F. Lethal genes in O-5 chromosomes of Drosophila subobscura from Europe and America. in Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 2000;38(2):null-126.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1831 .

Živanović, Goran, Mestres, Francesc, "Lethal genes in O-5 chromosomes of Drosophila subobscura from Europe and America" in Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 38, no. 2 (2000),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_1831 .