@article{
author = "Milovanovic, E. Sudar and Jovanovic, A. and Misirkic-Marjanovic, M. and Vučićević, Ljubica and Janjetović, Kristina and Isenovic, E. R.",
year = "2015",
abstract = "The aim of this study was to examine the effects of ghrelin on
regulation of cardiac inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)
activity/expression in high fat (HF), obese rats.
For this study, male Wistar rats fed with HF diet (30 \% fat) for 4
weeks were injected every 24 h for 5 days intracerebroventriculary (ICV)
with ghrelin (0.3 nmol/5 mu l) or with an equal volume of phosphate
buffered saline (PBS). Control rats were ICV injected with an equal
volume of PBS. Glucose, insulin and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations
were measured in serum, while arginase activity and citrulline
concentrations were measured in heart lysate. Protein iNOS and
regulatory subunit of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF kappa B-p65),
phosphorylation of enzymes protein kinase B (Akt) at Ser(473), and
extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) at Tyr(202)/Tyr(204)
were determined in heart lysate by Western blot. For gene expression of
iNOS qRT-PCR was used.
Results show significantly (p < 0.01) higher serum NO production in
ghrelin treated HF rats compared with HF rats. Ghrelin significantly
reduced citrulline concentration (p < 0.05) and arginase activity (p <
0.01) in HF rats. In ghrelin treated HF rats, gene and protein
expression of iNOS and NF kappa B-p65 levels were significantly (p <
0.05) increased compared with HF rats. Increased phosphorylation of Akt
(p < 0.01) and decreased (p < 0.05) ERK1/2 phosphorylation were detected
in HF ghrelin treated rats compared with HF rats hearts.
Results from this study indicate that exogenous ghrelin induces
expression and activity of cardiac iNOS via Akt phosphorylation followed
by NF kappa B activation in HF rats.",
journal = "Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes",
title = "Effects of Intracerebroventricularly (ICV) Injected Ghrelin on Cardiac
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity/Expression in Obese Rats",
number = "10",
volume = "123",
doi = "10.1055/s-0035-1559758",
pages = "581-588"
}
