TY  - JOUR
AU  - Manojlović-Stojanoski, Milica
AU  - Ristić, Nataša
AU  - Singh, Sandra
AU  - Milošević, Verica
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2156
AB  - Fetal development is a critical period in the life cycle which is why
   the placenta provides a structural and physiological barrier that
   protects the fetus from the outer fluctuations and inner disturbances. A
   variety of influences from the environment, however, might induce fetal
   overexposure to glucocorticoids that target the fetal
   hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and influence the fetal growth
   trajectory. Development of the HPA axis starts in the early stages of
   pregnancy, but the timing of HPA axis maturation and the glucocorticoid
   receptor (GR) expression in relation to birth is highly
   species-specific. The functional state of the fetal HPA axis plays a key
   role in the maturation of many organs necessary for intrauterine
   development and existence after birth. A functional HPA axis in
   near-term fetuses provides an adequate response to stress and also
   affects the timing of parturition. Due to their potent effect on the
   maturation of fetal tissues, synthetic glucocorticoids are used in human
   pregnancy at risk of preterm delivery. Dexamethasone and betamethasone,
   as the ones most commonly used, cross the placental enzymatic barrier
   (11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 - 11 beta-HSD2) and have
   25-fold higher affinity to the GR than endogenous glucocorticoids,
   stimulating many aspects of fetal maturation. Despite the numerous
   positive effects, exposure to synthetic glucocorticoids during fetal
   development may result in intrauterine growth retardation and fetal
   programming of the HPA axis function which is associated with
   cardiovascular, metabolic and psychiatric disorders manifested later in
   life. Long-term consequences indicate the need for the implementation of
   new studies that will provide a better understanding of the link between
   glucocorticoid overexposure during fetal development and adverse
   outcomes in adulthood.
T2  - Journal of Medical Biochemistry
T1  - Antenatal treatment with glucocorticoids and the hypotalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
IS  - 4
VL  - 33
DO  - 10.2478/jomb-2014-0038
SP  - 307
EP  - 316
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Manojlović-Stojanoski, Milica and Ristić, Nataša and Singh, Sandra and Milošević, Verica",
year = "2014",
abstract = "Fetal development is a critical period in the life cycle which is why
   the placenta provides a structural and physiological barrier that
   protects the fetus from the outer fluctuations and inner disturbances. A
   variety of influences from the environment, however, might induce fetal
   overexposure to glucocorticoids that target the fetal
   hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and influence the fetal growth
   trajectory. Development of the HPA axis starts in the early stages of
   pregnancy, but the timing of HPA axis maturation and the glucocorticoid
   receptor (GR) expression in relation to birth is highly
   species-specific. The functional state of the fetal HPA axis plays a key
   role in the maturation of many organs necessary for intrauterine
   development and existence after birth. A functional HPA axis in
   near-term fetuses provides an adequate response to stress and also
   affects the timing of parturition. Due to their potent effect on the
   maturation of fetal tissues, synthetic glucocorticoids are used in human
   pregnancy at risk of preterm delivery. Dexamethasone and betamethasone,
   as the ones most commonly used, cross the placental enzymatic barrier
   (11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 - 11 beta-HSD2) and have
   25-fold higher affinity to the GR than endogenous glucocorticoids,
   stimulating many aspects of fetal maturation. Despite the numerous
   positive effects, exposure to synthetic glucocorticoids during fetal
   development may result in intrauterine growth retardation and fetal
   programming of the HPA axis function which is associated with
   cardiovascular, metabolic and psychiatric disorders manifested later in
   life. Long-term consequences indicate the need for the implementation of
   new studies that will provide a better understanding of the link between
   glucocorticoid overexposure during fetal development and adverse
   outcomes in adulthood.",
journal = "Journal of Medical Biochemistry",
title = "Antenatal treatment with glucocorticoids and the hypotalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis",
number = "4",
volume = "33",
doi = "10.2478/jomb-2014-0038",
pages = "307-316"
}

Manojlović-Stojanoski, M., Ristić, N., Singh, S.,& Milošević, V.. (2014). Antenatal treatment with glucocorticoids and the hypotalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. in Journal of Medical Biochemistry, 33(4), 307-316.
https://doi.org/10.2478/jomb-2014-0038

Manojlović-Stojanoski M, Ristić N, Singh S, Milošević V. Antenatal treatment with glucocorticoids and the hypotalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. in Journal of Medical Biochemistry. 2014;33(4):307-316.
doi:10.2478/jomb-2014-0038 .

Manojlović-Stojanoski, Milica, Ristić, Nataša, Singh, Sandra, Milošević, Verica, "Antenatal treatment with glucocorticoids and the hypotalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis" in Journal of Medical Biochemistry, 33, no. 4 (2014):307-316,
https://doi.org/10.2478/jomb-2014-0038 . .