TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ivanov, Marija
AU  - Kannan, Abhilash
AU  - Stojković, Dejan
AU  - Glamočlija, Jasmina
AU  - Calhelha, Ricardo C.
AU  - Ferreira, Isabel C. F. R.
AU  - Sanglard, Dominique
AU  - Soković, Marina
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/14/1/27
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4097
AB  - Due to the high incidence of fungal infections worldwide, there is an increasing demand for the development of novel therapeutic approaches. A wide range of natural products has been extensively studied, with considerable focus on flavonoids. The antifungal capacity of selected flavones (luteolin, apigenin), flavonols (quercetin), and their glycosylated derivatives (quercitrin, isoquercitrin, rutin, and apigetrin) along with their impact on genes encoding efflux pumps (CDR1) and ergosterol biosynthesis enzyme (ERG11) has been the subject of this study. Cytotoxicity of flavonoids towards primary liver cells has also been addressed. Luteolin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, and rutin inhibited growth of Candida albicans with the minimal inhibitory concentration of 37.5 µg/mL. The application of isoquercitrin has reduced C. albicans biofilm establishing capacities for 76%, and hyphal formation by yeast. In vitro treatment with apigenin, apigetrin, and quercitrin has downregulated CDR1. Contrary to rutin and apigenin, isoquercitrin has upregulated ERG11. Except apigetrin and quercitrin (90 µg/mL and 73 µg/mL, respectively inhibited 50% of the net cell growth), the examined flavonoids did not exhibit cytotoxicity. The reduction of both fungal virulence and expression of antifungal resistance-linked genes was the most pronounced for apigenin and apigetrin; these results indicate flavonoids’ indispensable capacity for further development as part of an anticandidal therapy or prevention strategy.
PB  - MDPI AG
T2  - Pharmaceuticals
T1  - Flavones, Flavonols, and Glycosylated Derivatives—Impact on Candida albicans Growth and Virulence, Expression of CDR1 and ERG11, Cytotoxicity
IS  - 1
VL  - 14
DO  - 10.3390/ph14010027
SP  - 27
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Ivanov, Marija and Kannan, Abhilash and Stojković, Dejan and Glamočlija, Jasmina and Calhelha, Ricardo C. and Ferreira, Isabel C. F. R. and Sanglard, Dominique and Soković, Marina",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Due to the high incidence of fungal infections worldwide, there is an increasing demand for the development of novel therapeutic approaches. A wide range of natural products has been extensively studied, with considerable focus on flavonoids. The antifungal capacity of selected flavones (luteolin, apigenin), flavonols (quercetin), and their glycosylated derivatives (quercitrin, isoquercitrin, rutin, and apigetrin) along with their impact on genes encoding efflux pumps (CDR1) and ergosterol biosynthesis enzyme (ERG11) has been the subject of this study. Cytotoxicity of flavonoids towards primary liver cells has also been addressed. Luteolin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, and rutin inhibited growth of Candida albicans with the minimal inhibitory concentration of 37.5 µg/mL. The application of isoquercitrin has reduced C. albicans biofilm establishing capacities for 76%, and hyphal formation by yeast. In vitro treatment with apigenin, apigetrin, and quercitrin has downregulated CDR1. Contrary to rutin and apigenin, isoquercitrin has upregulated ERG11. Except apigetrin and quercitrin (90 µg/mL and 73 µg/mL, respectively inhibited 50% of the net cell growth), the examined flavonoids did not exhibit cytotoxicity. The reduction of both fungal virulence and expression of antifungal resistance-linked genes was the most pronounced for apigenin and apigetrin; these results indicate flavonoids’ indispensable capacity for further development as part of an anticandidal therapy or prevention strategy.",
publisher = "MDPI AG",
journal = "Pharmaceuticals",
title = "Flavones, Flavonols, and Glycosylated Derivatives—Impact on Candida albicans Growth and Virulence, Expression of CDR1 and ERG11, Cytotoxicity",
number = "1",
volume = "14",
doi = "10.3390/ph14010027",
pages = "27"
}

Ivanov, M., Kannan, A., Stojković, D., Glamočlija, J., Calhelha, R. C., Ferreira, I. C. F. R., Sanglard, D.,& Soković, M.. (2021). Flavones, Flavonols, and Glycosylated Derivatives—Impact on Candida albicans Growth and Virulence, Expression of CDR1 and ERG11, Cytotoxicity. in Pharmaceuticals
MDPI AG., 14(1), 27.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14010027

Ivanov M, Kannan A, Stojković D, Glamočlija J, Calhelha RC, Ferreira ICFR, Sanglard D, Soković M. Flavones, Flavonols, and Glycosylated Derivatives—Impact on Candida albicans Growth and Virulence, Expression of CDR1 and ERG11, Cytotoxicity. in Pharmaceuticals. 2021;14(1):27.
doi:10.3390/ph14010027 .

Ivanov, Marija, Kannan, Abhilash, Stojković, Dejan, Glamočlija, Jasmina, Calhelha, Ricardo C., Ferreira, Isabel C. F. R., Sanglard, Dominique, Soković, Marina, "Flavones, Flavonols, and Glycosylated Derivatives—Impact on Candida albicans Growth and Virulence, Expression of CDR1 and ERG11, Cytotoxicity" in Pharmaceuticals, 14, no. 1 (2021):27,
https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14010027 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Petropoulos, Spyridon A.
AU  - Fernandes, Ângela
AU  - Dias, Maria Ines
AU  - Pereira, Carla
AU  - Calhelha, Ricardo C.
AU  - Chrysargyris, Antonios
AU  - Tzortzakis, Nikolaos
AU  - Ivanov, Marija
AU  - Soković, Marina
AU  - Barros, Lillian
AU  - Ferreira, Isabel C. F. R.
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/9/2204
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3675
AB  - The aim of this report was to study the effect of salinity (control: 2dS/m, S1: 4 dS/m and S2: 6 dS/m) and harvest time (first harvest on 9 May 2018 and second harvest on 19 April 2018) on the growth and the chemical composition of Centaurea raphanina subsp. mixta plants. The plants of the first harvest were used for the plant growth measurements (fresh weight and moisture content of leaves, rosette diameter, number and thickness of leaves), whereas those of the second harvest were not used for these measurements due to the flowering initiation, which made the leaves unmarketable due to their hard texture. The results of our study showed that C. raphanina subsp. mixta plants can be cultivated under mild salinity (S1 treatment) conditions without severe effects on plant growth and yield, since a more severe loss (27.5%) was observed for the S2 treatment. In addition, harvest time proved to be a cost-effective cultivation practice that allows to regulate the quality of the final product, either in edible form (first harvest) or for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical purposes as well as antimicrobial agents in food products. Therefore, the combination of these two agronomic factors showed interesting results in terms of the quality of the final product. In particular, high salinity (S2 treatment) improved the nutritional value by increasing the fat, proteins and carbohydrates contents in the first harvest, as well as the tocopherols and sugars contents (S1 and S2 treatments, respectively) in the second harvest. In addition, salinity and harvest time affected the oxalic acid content which was the lowest for the S2 treatment at the second harvest. Similarly, the richest fatty acid (α-linolenic acid) increased with increasing salinity at the first harvest. Salinity and harvest time also affected the antimicrobial properties, especially against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Trichoderma viride, where the extracts from the S1 and S2 treatments showed high effectiveness. In contrast, the highest amounts of flavanones (pinocembrin derivatives) were detected in the control treatment (second harvest), which was also reflected to the highest antioxidant activity (TBARS) for the same treatment. In conclusion, C. raphanina subsp. mixta plants seem to be tolerant to medium salinity stress (S1 treatment) since plant growth was not severely impaired, while salinity and harvesting time affected the nutritional value (fat, proteins, and carbohydrates) and the chemical composition (tocopherols, sugars, oxalic acid, fatty acids), as well as the bioactive properties (cytotoxicity and antimicrobial properties) of the final product.
PB  - MDPI AG
T2  - Molecules
T1  - Chemical Composition and Plant Growth of Centaurea raphanina subsp. mixta Plants Cultivated under Saline Conditions
IS  - 9
VL  - 25
DO  - 10.3390/molecules25092204
SP  - 2204
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Petropoulos, Spyridon A. and Fernandes, Ângela and Dias, Maria Ines and Pereira, Carla and Calhelha, Ricardo C. and Chrysargyris, Antonios and Tzortzakis, Nikolaos and Ivanov, Marija and Soković, Marina and Barros, Lillian and Ferreira, Isabel C. F. R.",
year = "2020",
abstract = "The aim of this report was to study the effect of salinity (control: 2dS/m, S1: 4 dS/m and S2: 6 dS/m) and harvest time (first harvest on 9 May 2018 and second harvest on 19 April 2018) on the growth and the chemical composition of Centaurea raphanina subsp. mixta plants. The plants of the first harvest were used for the plant growth measurements (fresh weight and moisture content of leaves, rosette diameter, number and thickness of leaves), whereas those of the second harvest were not used for these measurements due to the flowering initiation, which made the leaves unmarketable due to their hard texture. The results of our study showed that C. raphanina subsp. mixta plants can be cultivated under mild salinity (S1 treatment) conditions without severe effects on plant growth and yield, since a more severe loss (27.5%) was observed for the S2 treatment. In addition, harvest time proved to be a cost-effective cultivation practice that allows to regulate the quality of the final product, either in edible form (first harvest) or for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical purposes as well as antimicrobial agents in food products. Therefore, the combination of these two agronomic factors showed interesting results in terms of the quality of the final product. In particular, high salinity (S2 treatment) improved the nutritional value by increasing the fat, proteins and carbohydrates contents in the first harvest, as well as the tocopherols and sugars contents (S1 and S2 treatments, respectively) in the second harvest. In addition, salinity and harvest time affected the oxalic acid content which was the lowest for the S2 treatment at the second harvest. Similarly, the richest fatty acid (α-linolenic acid) increased with increasing salinity at the first harvest. Salinity and harvest time also affected the antimicrobial properties, especially against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Trichoderma viride, where the extracts from the S1 and S2 treatments showed high effectiveness. In contrast, the highest amounts of flavanones (pinocembrin derivatives) were detected in the control treatment (second harvest), which was also reflected to the highest antioxidant activity (TBARS) for the same treatment. In conclusion, C. raphanina subsp. mixta plants seem to be tolerant to medium salinity stress (S1 treatment) since plant growth was not severely impaired, while salinity and harvesting time affected the nutritional value (fat, proteins, and carbohydrates) and the chemical composition (tocopherols, sugars, oxalic acid, fatty acids), as well as the bioactive properties (cytotoxicity and antimicrobial properties) of the final product.",
publisher = "MDPI AG",
journal = "Molecules",
title = "Chemical Composition and Plant Growth of Centaurea raphanina subsp. mixta Plants Cultivated under Saline Conditions",
number = "9",
volume = "25",
doi = "10.3390/molecules25092204",
pages = "2204"
}

Petropoulos, S. A., Fernandes, Â., Dias, M. I., Pereira, C., Calhelha, R. C., Chrysargyris, A., Tzortzakis, N., Ivanov, M., Soković, M., Barros, L.,& Ferreira, I. C. F. R.. (2020). Chemical Composition and Plant Growth of Centaurea raphanina subsp. mixta Plants Cultivated under Saline Conditions. in Molecules
MDPI AG., 25(9), 2204.
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25092204

Petropoulos SA, Fernandes Â, Dias MI, Pereira C, Calhelha RC, Chrysargyris A, Tzortzakis N, Ivanov M, Soković M, Barros L, Ferreira ICFR. Chemical Composition and Plant Growth of Centaurea raphanina subsp. mixta Plants Cultivated under Saline Conditions. in Molecules. 2020;25(9):2204.
doi:10.3390/molecules25092204 .

Petropoulos, Spyridon A., Fernandes, Ângela, Dias, Maria Ines, Pereira, Carla, Calhelha, Ricardo C., Chrysargyris, Antonios, Tzortzakis, Nikolaos, Ivanov, Marija, Soković, Marina, Barros, Lillian, Ferreira, Isabel C. F. R., "Chemical Composition and Plant Growth of Centaurea raphanina subsp. mixta Plants Cultivated under Saline Conditions" in Molecules, 25, no. 9 (2020):2204,
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25092204 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mandim, Filipa
AU  - Petropoulos, Spyridon A.
AU  - Giannoulis, Kyriakos D.
AU  - Dias, Maria Inês
AU  - Fernandes, Ângela
AU  - Pinela, José
AU  - Kostić, Marina
AU  - Soković, Marina
AU  - Barros, Lillian
AU  - Santos-Buelga, Celestino
AU  - Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0963996920303069
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3674
AB  - Cynara cardunculus L. (cardoon) has several health benefits mainly attributed to its abundance in polyphenols. In this study, cardoon heads (capitula) were harvested in Greece during the flowering stage, and the hydroethanolic extracts were assessed in terms of phenolic compounds composition and antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. The phenolic profile was evaluated by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS to better understand the seasonal changes in the individual compound levels and how these changes correlate with bioactive properties. The main phenolic compounds identified were caffeoylquinic and dicaffeoylquinic acid derivatives. Immature heads (Car A: principal growth stage (PGS) 5) had the highest phenolic content (34.3 mg/g) and cytotoxic (GI50 of 69–268 µg/mL) and anti-inflammatory (IC50 of 183 µg/mL) activities. Sample Car D (PGS 6/7) revealed the highest antioxidant (IC50 of 23–227 µg/mL) and antifungal (MIC of 0.26–0.51 mg/mL) potential. Regarding the antibacterial activity, Car E (PGS 7) revealed the best results (MIC of 0.59–1.18 mg/mL). This study suggests that the maturity stage of the plant influences the phenolic composition and bioactivity.
PB  - Elsevier Ltd
T2  - Food Research International
T1  - Seasonal variation of bioactive properties and phenolic composition of Cynara cardunculus var. altilis
VL  - 134
DO  - 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109281
SP  - 109281
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Mandim, Filipa and Petropoulos, Spyridon A. and Giannoulis, Kyriakos D. and Dias, Maria Inês and Fernandes, Ângela and Pinela, José and Kostić, Marina and Soković, Marina and Barros, Lillian and Santos-Buelga, Celestino and Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.",
year = "2020",
abstract = "Cynara cardunculus L. (cardoon) has several health benefits mainly attributed to its abundance in polyphenols. In this study, cardoon heads (capitula) were harvested in Greece during the flowering stage, and the hydroethanolic extracts were assessed in terms of phenolic compounds composition and antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. The phenolic profile was evaluated by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS to better understand the seasonal changes in the individual compound levels and how these changes correlate with bioactive properties. The main phenolic compounds identified were caffeoylquinic and dicaffeoylquinic acid derivatives. Immature heads (Car A: principal growth stage (PGS) 5) had the highest phenolic content (34.3 mg/g) and cytotoxic (GI50 of 69–268 µg/mL) and anti-inflammatory (IC50 of 183 µg/mL) activities. Sample Car D (PGS 6/7) revealed the highest antioxidant (IC50 of 23–227 µg/mL) and antifungal (MIC of 0.26–0.51 mg/mL) potential. Regarding the antibacterial activity, Car E (PGS 7) revealed the best results (MIC of 0.59–1.18 mg/mL). This study suggests that the maturity stage of the plant influences the phenolic composition and bioactivity.",
publisher = "Elsevier Ltd",
journal = "Food Research International",
title = "Seasonal variation of bioactive properties and phenolic composition of Cynara cardunculus var. altilis",
volume = "134",
doi = "10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109281",
pages = "109281"
}

Mandim, F., Petropoulos, S. A., Giannoulis, K. D., Dias, M. I., Fernandes, Â., Pinela, J., Kostić, M., Soković, M., Barros, L., Santos-Buelga, C.,& Ferreira, I. C.F.R.. (2020). Seasonal variation of bioactive properties and phenolic composition of Cynara cardunculus var. altilis. in Food Research International
Elsevier Ltd., 134, 109281.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109281

Mandim F, Petropoulos SA, Giannoulis KD, Dias MI, Fernandes Â, Pinela J, Kostić M, Soković M, Barros L, Santos-Buelga C, Ferreira IC. Seasonal variation of bioactive properties and phenolic composition of Cynara cardunculus var. altilis. in Food Research International. 2020;134:109281.
doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109281 .

Mandim, Filipa, Petropoulos, Spyridon A., Giannoulis, Kyriakos D., Dias, Maria Inês, Fernandes, Ângela, Pinela, José, Kostić, Marina, Soković, Marina, Barros, Lillian, Santos-Buelga, Celestino, Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R., "Seasonal variation of bioactive properties and phenolic composition of Cynara cardunculus var. altilis" in Food Research International, 134 (2020):109281,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109281 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Petropoulos, Spyridon A.
AU  - Fernandes, Ângela
AU  - Dias, Maria Ines
AU  - Pereira, Carla
AU  - Calhelha, Ricardo
AU  - Di Gioia, Francesco
AU  - Tzortzakis, Nikolaos
AU  - Ivanov, Marija
AU  - Soković, Marina
AU  - Barros, Lillian
AU  - Ferreira, Isabel C. F. R.
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/9/4/314
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3664
AB  - Centaurea raphanina subsp. mixta (DC.) Runemark is a wild edible species endemic to Greece. This study evaluated the chemical composition and bioactive properties of wild and cultivated C. raphanina subsp. mixta plants. Wild plants had higher nutritional value than cultivated ones, whereas cultivated plants contained more tocopherols. Glucose and sucrose were higher in cultivated plants and trehalose in wild ones. Oxalic and total organic acids were detected in higher amounts in cultivated samples. The main fatty acids were α-linolenic, linoleic and palmitic acid, while wild plants were richer in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Two pinocembrin derivatives were the main phenolic compounds being detected in higher amounts in wild plants. Regarding the antioxidant activity, wild and cultivated plants were more effective in the oxidative haemolysis (OxHLIA) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assays, respectively. Moreover, both extracts showed moderate cytotoxicity in non-tumor cell lines (PLP2), while cultivated plants were more effective against cervical carcinoma (HeLa), breast carcinoma (MCF-7) and non-small lung cancer (NCI-H460) cell lines. Finally, wild plants showed higher antimicrobial activity than cultivated plants against specific pathogens. In conclusion, the cultivation of C. raphanina subsp. mixta showed promising results in terms of tocopherols content and antiproliferative effects, however further research is needed to decrease oxalic acid content.
PB  - MDPI AG
T2  - Antioxidants
T1  - Wild and Cultivated Centaurea raphanina subsp. mixta: A Valuable Source of Bioactive Compounds
IS  - 4
VL  - 9
DO  - 10.3390/antiox9040314
SP  - 314
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Petropoulos, Spyridon A. and Fernandes, Ângela and Dias, Maria Ines and Pereira, Carla and Calhelha, Ricardo and Di Gioia, Francesco and Tzortzakis, Nikolaos and Ivanov, Marija and Soković, Marina and Barros, Lillian and Ferreira, Isabel C. F. R.",
year = "2020",
abstract = "Centaurea raphanina subsp. mixta (DC.) Runemark is a wild edible species endemic to Greece. This study evaluated the chemical composition and bioactive properties of wild and cultivated C. raphanina subsp. mixta plants. Wild plants had higher nutritional value than cultivated ones, whereas cultivated plants contained more tocopherols. Glucose and sucrose were higher in cultivated plants and trehalose in wild ones. Oxalic and total organic acids were detected in higher amounts in cultivated samples. The main fatty acids were α-linolenic, linoleic and palmitic acid, while wild plants were richer in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Two pinocembrin derivatives were the main phenolic compounds being detected in higher amounts in wild plants. Regarding the antioxidant activity, wild and cultivated plants were more effective in the oxidative haemolysis (OxHLIA) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assays, respectively. Moreover, both extracts showed moderate cytotoxicity in non-tumor cell lines (PLP2), while cultivated plants were more effective against cervical carcinoma (HeLa), breast carcinoma (MCF-7) and non-small lung cancer (NCI-H460) cell lines. Finally, wild plants showed higher antimicrobial activity than cultivated plants against specific pathogens. In conclusion, the cultivation of C. raphanina subsp. mixta showed promising results in terms of tocopherols content and antiproliferative effects, however further research is needed to decrease oxalic acid content.",
publisher = "MDPI AG",
journal = "Antioxidants",
title = "Wild and Cultivated Centaurea raphanina subsp. mixta: A Valuable Source of Bioactive Compounds",
number = "4",
volume = "9",
doi = "10.3390/antiox9040314",
pages = "314"
}

Petropoulos, S. A., Fernandes, Â., Dias, M. I., Pereira, C., Calhelha, R., Di Gioia, F., Tzortzakis, N., Ivanov, M., Soković, M., Barros, L.,& Ferreira, I. C. F. R.. (2020). Wild and Cultivated Centaurea raphanina subsp. mixta: A Valuable Source of Bioactive Compounds. in Antioxidants
MDPI AG., 9(4), 314.
https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9040314

Petropoulos SA, Fernandes Â, Dias MI, Pereira C, Calhelha R, Di Gioia F, Tzortzakis N, Ivanov M, Soković M, Barros L, Ferreira ICFR. Wild and Cultivated Centaurea raphanina subsp. mixta: A Valuable Source of Bioactive Compounds. in Antioxidants. 2020;9(4):314.
doi:10.3390/antiox9040314 .

Petropoulos, Spyridon A., Fernandes, Ângela, Dias, Maria Ines, Pereira, Carla, Calhelha, Ricardo, Di Gioia, Francesco, Tzortzakis, Nikolaos, Ivanov, Marija, Soković, Marina, Barros, Lillian, Ferreira, Isabel C. F. R., "Wild and Cultivated Centaurea raphanina subsp. mixta: A Valuable Source of Bioactive Compounds" in Antioxidants, 9, no. 4 (2020):314,
https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9040314 . .