@phdthesis{
author = "Barišić Klisarić, Nataša",
year = "2012",
abstract = "Promene u životnoj sredini od industrijske revolucije do danas su bez presedana u
istoriji živog sveta i svojim razmerama prete da nadmaše adaptivni potencijal mnogih
živih organizama, naročito biljaka, koje kao sesilni organizmi imaju samo ograničene
mehanizme za izbegavanje stresa. Razumevanje kako biljke reaguju na ovakve
promene, od subcelularnog do nivoa zajednica, je od krucijalnog značaja.
U ovom radu smo ispitivali mogućnosti korišćenja analiza fluktuirajuće i radijalne
asimetrije kao pokazatelja stabilnosti razvića vegetativnih i reproduktivnih organa kod
dve zeljaste monokotile (Iris pumila i Iris germanica) i jedne drvenaste dikotile
(Robinia pseudoacacia), u uslovima nenarušene životne sredine i u uslovima
antropogeno uzrokovanog stresa (zagađenja u industrijskim i urbanim zonama).
Analizirali smo mogućnosti korišćenja ovih analiza kao primarnih indikatora u
sredinama sa negativnim antropogenim uticajem, kao i prednosti i mane ovog i nekih
drugih metoda detekcije zagađenja.
Stabilnost razvića procenjena putem fluktuirajuće i radijalne asimetrije se razlikuje
između izučavanih sredina u slučaju sve tri vrste. Kod vrste R. pseudoacacia kao
sredina u kojoj je detektovan najveći stepen razvojne nestabilnosti se izdvojio Kostolac
(antropogeno degradirana sredina). Kod vrste I. pumila su biljke poreklom iz sredine
pod antropogenim uticajem pokazale veću razvojnu nestabilnost kako u slučaju
fluktuirajuće asimetrije, tako i u slučaju radijalne asimetrije. Kod vrste I. germanica su
detektovane značajne razlike između zagađenja u slučaju indeksa radijalne asimetrije
gde su biljke poreklom sa zagađenog staništa pokazale značajno veću razvojnu
nestabilnost od biljaka poreklom sa nezagađenog staništa.
Kod sve tri vrste je utvrđena značajna interakcija individue i asimetrije osobina, tj. da
ekspresija razlika u fluktuirajućoj i radijalnoj asimetriji između ispitivanih osobina
zavisi od klona tj. individue. Slično je i za interakciju lokaliteta i asimetrije osobina, što
Rezime/Summary
znači da su se različite osobine sve tri vrste razlikovale u stepenu detekcije razlika
između lokaliteta.
Koncentracija hlorofila a, hlorofila b, ukupnog hlorofila, karotenoida, kao i odnos
hlorofila a i karotenoida u listu I. pumila je bio značajno manji u zagađenoj sredini , dok
je odnos hlorofila a i hlorofila b u ovoj sredini bio veći u odnosu na nezagađenu sredinu.
Za teške metale značajne razlike su detektovane između zagađenih i nezagađenih
sredina. Arsenik je u značajno većoj koncentraciji detektovan u zagađenim lokalitetima-
Obrenovcu i Kostolcu, a olovo i nikl na lokalitetu Autoput, dok za Cd nisu detektovane
značajne razlike.
Iako je analiza koncentracije teških metala pokazala jasnu diskriminaciju između
sredina pod antropogenim uticajem i onih koje to nisu, kao i koncentracija
fotosintetičkih pigmenata, analiza razvojne stabilnosti ima prednosti u odnosu na ove
metode jer se može jednostavno primeniti na sve taksone, ne zahteva posebne
laboratorijske i druge preduslove i ispituje već unapred poznat optimum tj. simetriju.
Može se zaključiti da iako je povezanost asimetrije, razvojne stabilnosti i stresa
neosporna, analize radijalne i fluktuirajuće asimetrije ne detektuju uvek efekte
zagađenja na svim vrstama i svim osobinama jednoznačno, da bi se na osnovu ovih
razlika moglo sa sigurnošću tvrditi da li je izučavana populacija pod stresom ili ne.
Najpreciznije su se pokazale analize koje su uključivale više osobina tj.
multikomponentni i kompozitni indeksi, kao i multivarijantne analize koje mogu bolje
detektovati razlike na nivou individue tj. populacije., Changes in the environment from the industrial revolution till present are unprecedented
in the history of the life on Earth and their magnitude can overpower the adaptive
potential of many living organisms, especially plants, that are sessile and have only
limited mechanisms for avoiding stress. Understanding how plants respond to these
changes, from subcellular to the community level, is crucial.
In this study we investigated the possibility of using analysis of fluctuating and radial
asymmetry as an indicator of developmental stability of vegetative and reproductive
organs in two herbaceous monocots (Iris pumila and Iris germanica) and one wooden
dikotile (Robinia pseudoacacia), in unpolluted environment, as well as in environment
characterized by anthropogenically induced stress (industrial and urban zones
pollution). We have analyzed the possibility of using this analysis as a primary indicator
of pollution in areas with negative human impact, and the advantages and disadvantages
of these and some other methods of pollution detection.
Developmental stability estimated by fluctuating and radial asymmetry differed between
the studied habitats for all three species. For R. pseudoacacia plants from Kostolac
(polluted environment) had the highest degree of developmental instability. I. pumila
plants originated from the environment under the influence of anthropogenic stress
showed greater developmental instability in the case of fluctuating asymmetry, as well
as radial asymmetry. In I. germanica species we detected significant differences
between polluted and unpolluted habitats estimated by radial asymmetry where the
plants originated from contaminated habitats showed significantly greater
developmental instability.
In all three species we detected significant interaction between individuals and trait
asymmetries, e.g. expression of the difference in the radial and fluctuating asymmetry
between the studied traits depended on the individual (clone). Similar situation is with
Rezime/Summary
the habitat x trait assymetry interaction, where different traits of all the three species
differed in the degree of discrimination between the habitats studied.
Concentration of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, and the
chlorophyll a and carotenoids ratio in the I. pumila leaf had significantly lesser values in
a polluted environment, while the ratio of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in this
environment had higher values compared to unpolluted environment.
Significant differences in heavy metal concentration were detected between polluted
and unpolluted areas. Arsenic was detected in significantly higher concentrations in leaf
samples from polluted sites-Obrenovac and Kostolac, lead and nickel were detected in
significantly higher concentrations on the site Autoput, while no significant differences
were detected for Cd.
Although the analysis of heavy metal concentrations showed a clear discrimination
between the environments, similar to discrimination obtained in analysis of
photosythetic pigments, developmental stability analysis has overall advantage because
it is easily applied to all taxa, demands no specific laboratory testings and is based on
already known optimum-symmetry.
It can be concluded that although the positive relationship between asymmetry,
developmental instability and stress is indisputable, analysis of radial and fluctuating
asymmetry does not always detect pollution effects on all species and all traits,
unequivocally, so one could with certainty conclude if the studied population is under
stress or not. The most accurate analysis were those involving more traits-analysis of
multicomponent and composite indices, and multivariate analysis that can better detect
differences at the individual as well as population level.",
publisher = "Belgrade: University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology",
journal = "University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology",
title = "Fluktuirajuća asimetrija kao pokazatelj stabilnosti razvića odabranih biljnih taksona u uslovima nenarušene životne sredine i antropogeno indukovanog stresa, Fluctuating asymmetry as an indicator of developmental stability of selected plant taxa in unpolluted environment and under anthropogenically induced stress",
pages = "1-213",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_nardus_2065"
}
