Hairy root exudates of allelopathic weed Chenopodium murale L. induce oxidative stress and down-regulate core cell cycle genes in Arabidopsis and wheat seedlings
2015
Authors:
Dmitrović, SlavicaSimonović, Ana
Banjac, Nevena
Savic, Jelena
Cingel, Aleksandar
Filipović, Biljana
Ninković, Slavica
Document Type:
Article (Published version)
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract:
The effects of Chenopodium murale root exudates, applied as phytotoxic
medias (PMs), were tested on Arabidopsis thaliana and Triticum aestivum.
The effects of PMs, where wild-type roots (K), hairy roots derived from
roots (R clones) or from cotyledons (C clones) were cultured, were
different. K medium suppressed Arabidopsis germination, while other PMs
reduced root and leaf elongation and the number of rosette leaves. R
media were more phytotoxic than C media. Treatment of Arabidopsis with
R8 down-regulated expression of core cell cycle genes: cyclin-dependent
kinase (CDK) A1;1, four B-class CDKs, and cyclins CYCA3;1, CYCB2;4,
CYCD4;2 and CYCH1 in root and shoot tips. Only CYCD2;1 transcript was
elevated in treated shoots, but down-regulated in roots. Wheat Ta-CDC2
and Ta-CYCD2 genes showed the same expression profiles as their
Arabidopsis counterparts, CDKA1;1 and CYCD2;1. PMs also caused increase
of antioxidative enzyme activities in both plants. Exposure of
Arabidopsis to PMs induced one catalase isoform, but repressed another,
resulting in no net change of catalase activity. Wheat seedlings treated
with PMs had catalase activity significantly elevated in all treatments,
particularly in shoots. In both plants, PMs induced the activity of
different peroxidase isozymes and total peroxidase activity. Both plants
responded to phytotoxic treatments by induction of CuZn-superoxide
dismutase. Thus, the phytotoxicity of C. murale root exudates is, at
least partially, based on down-regulation of the cell cycle regulators
and on generation of oxidative stress in the affected plants. We propose
that C. murale root exudates should be considered as means of biological
weed control.
Keywords:
Allelopathy; Antioxidative enzymes; Cyclin; Cyclin-dependent kinase; Hairy roots; Oxidative stressSource:
Plant Growth Regulation, 2015, 75, 1, 365-382
DOI: 10.1007/s10725-014-9959-z
ISSN: 1573-5087