Newly discovered chroman-2,4-diones neutralize the in vivo DNA damage induced by alkylation through the inhibition of Topoisomerase IIα: A story behind the molecular modeling approach

Abstract

Eight chroman-2,4-diones, namely 2a-h, previously investigated as anticoagulants, of which 2a and 2f as the most active, were evaluated as in vivo genotoxic agents in Wistar rat livers and kidneys using the comet assay. Compounds 2a, 2b, and 2f without genotoxic activity were applied prior to ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and diminished EMS-induced DNA damage according to the total score and percentage of reduction. EMS produce harmful O(6)-ethylguanine lesion which is incorporated in aberrant genotoxic GT and TG pairing after ATP-dependent DNA strand breaks have been catalyzed by rat Topoisomerase IIα (rTopIIα, EC 5.99.1.3). Therefore, the mechanism of 2a, 2b, and 2f antigenotoxic activity was investigated on the enzyme level using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations insamuch as it had been determined that compounds do not intercalate DNA but instead inhibit the ATPase activity. Calculations predicted that compounds inhibit ATP hydrolysis before the DNA-EMS cleavage is being catalyzed by rTopIIα, prevent EMS mutagenic and carcinogenic effects, and beside anticoagulant activity can even be applied in the cancer treatment to control the rate of anticancer alkylation drugs.