Morfološko variranje, fenotipska plastičnost i fluktuirajuća asimetrija oblika cvetnih organa kod Iris pumila L.
Morphological variation, phenotypic plasticity and fluctuating asymmetry of floral organ shapes in Iris pumila L.
2019
Download 🢃
Authors:
Budečević, SanjaContributors
Ivanović, AnaManitašević Jovanović, Sanja
Stojković, Biljana
Rakić, Tamara
Document Type:
Doctoral thesis (Published version)
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract:
Analyzes of intra - and inter - individual differences of morphological structures allow the detection of patterns of phenotypic variation, as well as ecological evolutionary mechanisms leading to their divergence. In this dissertation, components of the phenotypic variation of the shape of functionally distinctive flower organs were determined in the entomophilous plant, specific for striking flower color polymorphism, Iris pumila L. Experiments were carried out on plants grown in experimental garden, originating from reciprocal crossing of 24 clonal genotypes. Using the methods of geometric morphometrics patterns of variation of the shape of three bilaterally symmetrical organs (falls, standards and style branches) have been revealed. In all three floral organs, the proportion of the symmetric component in the overall shape variation was the highest, while the fluctuating asymmetry (FA) was dominated in asymmetric component. Although it is thought that primary cause of FA is developmental instability, our research has shown that phenotypic plasticity can also produce FA. Namely, replicas of flower organs with different orientations towards the sun had different values of asymmetric components of variance of the shape, as an outcome of plasticity in relation to the microenvironmental heterogeneity of ambient light. In this dissertation it is confirmed that size, shape and color of flowers are visual attractants for pollinators. Pairwase comparisons in size between pollinated and unpollinated flowers revealed that pollinated falls and standards are bigger related to their unpollinated pairs. Regression analyzes have shown that the size of the falls was under positive selection, while size of style branches was under negative direct selection. In contrast, the shape of the flower organs differed depending on their color, indicating that the pollinator's preference for specific combinations of visual signals was an important mechanism of morphological divergence of the reproductive organs of I. pumila.
Keywords:
Iris pumila; Morphological variation; Shape; Color polymorphism; Pollinators' preferences; Developmental instability; Phenotypic plasticitySource:
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, 2019, 1-150Funding / projects:
- Evolution in the laboratory and adaptations in the wild (RS-MESTD-Basic Research (BR or ON)-173007)