Odnos između genetike i epigenetike - naučni izazovi u budućim fundamentalnim i translacionim istraživanjima

Abstract

Epigenetics studies genetic factors and mechanisms that regulate the expression of the genetic code without altering the DNA sequence. Epigenetic processes regulate the expression of genes by chemical modifi cations of DNA and chromatin structural proteins by DNA methylation and various forms of post-translational modifi cations of histones, respectively, and through the actions of small noncoding RNA molecules. The main objective of epigenetic research groups is to defi ne the mechanisms of epigenetics modifi cations that lie at the basis of an epigenetic process. There are a several basic priorities for future research in epigenetics: the establishment of links between genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors over the life cycle and across generations, defi ning their roles in health and disease, and determining the signifi cance for the development of predisposition and progression of specifi c diseases. A large number of scientifi c publications suggest that disturbances in mechanisms which regulate epigenetic processes underlie several complex pathologies, including diabetes mellitus as a complex metabolic disorder. Although there are no completely effective preventive or therapeutic strategies due to the complex multifactorial etiology and phenotype of different diseases, the very plastic nature of the epigenome represents a potential target in the design of future therapeutic strategies and novel epigenetic drugs.