Antioksidacioni zaštitni sistem eritrocita u preeklampsiji

Abstract

Preeclampsia represents a pregnancy specific syndrome with high rate of both maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The maternal syndrome is characterized by elevated arterial blood pressure and proteinuria. Several recent studies have reported that there is a disbalance of oxidant/antioxidant system in women with preeclampsia, and this factor might contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. Our study involved 22 healthy (control) and 20 preeclamptic women. Diagnosis of preeclampsia was done according to the recommendation of International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy. After blood collection, the next parameters were followed in erythrocytes: concentration of lipid peroxides (TBARS) non-enzymatic components (reduced glutathione - GSH, oxidized glutathione GSSG) and activities of enzymatic components of AOS (glutathione peroxidase GSH-Px, glutathione reductase - GR and glutathione-S-transferase - GST). Results of this study showed that concentration of TBARS and activity of GST were significantly higher, while activity of GR was significantly lower in erythrocytes of preeclamptic, vs. healthy women. Concentrations of GSH, GSSG and activity GSH-Px did not change significantly. Increased concentration of TBARS and activity of GST, as well as disorder in GSH and GSH-dependent enzymes status were indicators of oxidative stress in erythrocytes of preeclamptic women.

Preeklampsija je sindrom specifičan za trudnoću sa visokim stepenom morbiditeta i mortaliteta fetusa i majke. Klinički se manifestuje posle 20. nedelje gestacije. Kod majke sindrom se manifestuje povišenim krvnim pritiskom i proteinurijom. Brojne savremene studije pokazuju da je disbalans oksidacionog i antioksidacionog sistema značajan faktor u patogenezi preeklampsije. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno 22 zdrave i 20 trudnica sa preeklampsijom. Dijagnoza preeklampsije je postavljena prema preporukama International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy. U eritrocitima su praćeni sledeći parametri: koncentracija lipidnih peroksida (TBARS), neenzimskih komponenti (redukovani glutation - GSH, oksidovani glutation - GSSG) i aktivnost enzimskih komponenti AOS (glutation-peroksidaza, GSH-Px, glutation-reduktaza, GR i glutation-S-transferaza, GST). Rezultati ove studije pokazuju da je koncentracija TBARS i aktivnost GST značajno povećana, dok je aktivnost GR značajno smanjena u eritrocitima trudnica sa preeklampsijom u odnosu na zdrave trudnice. Koncentracije GSH i GSSG, kao i aktivnost GSH-Px nisu značajno promenjene. Povećanje koncentracije TBARS i aktivnosti GST, kao i poremećaj u GSH i GSH-zavisnom enzimskom statusu su indikatori oksidacionog stresa u eritrocitima trudnica sa preeklampsijom.