Alohtone biljne vrste u flori i vegetaciji Crnog luga (jugozapadni Srem)

Abstract

Cilj sprovedenog istraživanja je bio da se utvrdi prisustvo alohtonih biljnih vrsta na području Crnog luga i okoline (jugozapadni Srem). Istraživanja su obavljena na poplavnim, ruderalnim i segetalnim staništima tokom vegetacionih sezona, u periodu 2009-2014. godine. Od ukupnog broja zabeleženih vrsta (285), 32 taksona (11,2%) predstavljaju alohtone biljke, koje su klasifikovane u 19 familija. Fitogeografskom analizom njihovih primarnih areala, ustanovljeno je da većina pripada kategoriji flornih elemenata “adventivnog” areal tipa. Horološki spektar pokazuje dominaciju vrsta severnoameričkog porekla (57%), dok su u biološkom spektru najzastupljenije terofite. U hronološkom spektru dominiraju neofite (75%), a analiza statusa invazivnosti je pokazala kodominantni odnos naturalizovanih i invazivnih alohtonih biljaka (po 47%). Najviše alohtonih vrsta je detektovano u forlandu reke Save i kanala (26), u zajednicama Populetum nigrae-albae i Amorpho-Typhaetum; pored puteva i na napuštenim površinama (21), u zajednici Chenopodio-Ambrosietum artemisiifoliae; na obradivim površinama (18), u zajednicama Polygonetum convolvulo-avicularae, Consolido-Polygonetum avicularae i Lolio-Plantaginetum majoris; na nasipu i livadama (14), u zajednici Asclepietum syriacae. Najčešći načini rasprostiranja alohtonih biljaka na istraživanom području su antropohorija (40,6%) i anemohorija (34,4%). Najizraženiji uticaj na zastupljenost i njihovo rasejavanje u forlandu reke Save i u zoni kanala, imaju poplavne vode, visina vodostaja i delimično antropogeni faktor, dok je na ruderalnim i segetalnim površinama dejstvo antropogenog faktora najintenzivnije. Ključne reči: Alohtone biljne vrste; poplavna, ruderalna i segetalna vegetacija; životne forme; hronološki spektar; status invazivnosti, disperzija.

The aim of the research was to establish the presence of allochthonous plant species in the Crni lug region and the surrounding area (Southwest Srem). Research was undertaken in the floodplain, ruderal and segetal habitats during the vegetative season between 2009 and 2014. Of the total number of species recorded (285), 32 taxa were allochthonous plants, which were classified into 19 families. A phytogeographical analysis of their primary distribution area established that the majority fell into the category of ‘adventive’ floral species. The chorological spectrum shows the dominance of species of North American origin (57%), while therophytes have the greatest presence in the biological spectrum. Neophytes dominate the chronological spectrum (75%) and analysis of the invasive status revealed the co-dominance of naturalized and invasive allochthonous plant species (47% each). In the study area, most allochthonous species were detected in the foreland of the river Sava and flood protection channels (26), in the Populetum nigrae-albae and Amorpho-Typhaetum communities; next to roads and on abandoned land (21), in the Chenopodio-Ambrosietum artemisiifoliae community; on cultivated land (18), in the Polygonetum convolvulo-avicularae, Consolido-Polygonetum avicularae and Lolio-Plantaginetum majoris communities; and on the levee and in meadows (14), in the Asclepietum syriacae community. The most common dispersion methods for the allochthonous species in the study area are anthropochory (40.6%) and anemochory (34.4%). Floodwaters, water level and, in part, anthropogenic factors have the most pronounced impact on the presence of species and their dispersal in the foreland of the river Sava and in the flood protection channel zone, while the effects of anthropogenic factors are most intensive in ruderal and segetal areas.