Genetička modifikacija divljeg kestena kao sredstvo za poboljšanje ornamentalnih svojstava

Abstract

Reduced plant size, modified habitus and changes in the flowering time may be interesting and economically important in the breeding of ornamentals. These traits could be achieved by genetic transformation with the rol genes of Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Transformed plants, more or less, exhibit traits typical for the hairy root syndrome, including the shortening of internodes abolished apical dominance, increased axilary branching, more compact habitus, changes in leaf and flower morphology, and flowering time shift. Horse chestnut was transformed by using the agropine A. rhizogenes strain A4GUS, with the uidA reporter-gene inserted in the TL-DNA. Plantlets were regenerated from the acquired hairy root lines via the process of somatic embryogenesis, and, to a lesser extent, organogenesis. Transformed plantlets displayed the characteristic hairy root syndrome at varying degrees. Plants of all lines were shorter than control ones, although branching did not increase. The line 36 had almost normal leaf morphology, while lines 43 and 31 had narrow leaves. Lines 39 and 47 displayed the most severe phenotype stunted growth, very narrow dark-green leaves and short petioles. It seems that at least line 36 may be interesting, for example, for the bonsai plants production.

Redukovana veličina biljke, modifikovani habitus i promene u vremenu cvetanja mogu biti zanimljive i ekonomski značajne u oplemenjivanju ornamentalnih vrsta. Ove osobine se mogu postići genetičkom transformacijom ml genima Agrobacterium tiiizogenes. Transfoimisane biljke, u manjoj ili većoj meri pokazuju osobine tipične za "hairy root" sindrom: skraćene internodije ukinutu apikalnu dominaciju, izraženo bočno grananje, kompaktniji habitus izmenjenu morfologiju listova i cvetova i pomereno vreme cvetanja. Divlji kesten je transfonnisan pomoću agropinskog soja A. rhizogenes A4GUS, sa uidA reporter genom insertovanim u TL-DNK. Iz dobijenih linija transformisanih korenova su regenerisane biljčice procesom somatske embriogeneze i, u manjoj meri procesom organogeneze. Transformisane biljčice su u različitom stepenu pokazivale karakterističan "hairy root" sindrom. Biljčice svih transfonnisanih linija su bile kraće od netransformisanih, mada grananje nije bilo povećano. Linija 36 je imala skoro normalnu morfologiju lista, dok su linije 43 i 31 imale uzane listove. Kod linija 39 i 47 sindrom je bio najizraženiji; biljčice su bile zakržljale, sa vrlo uzanim tamno-zelenim listovima i kratkim petiolama. Čini se da bi bar linija 36 mogla biti zanimljiva, npr. za produkciju bonsai-biljaka.