Feasibility of Festuca rubra L. native grass in phytoremediation

Abstract

Festuca rubra L. as perennial, rhizomatous grass distributed worldwide tolerates different ecological conditions and grows in various habitats. This grass is used in ecorestoration of contaminated sites due to its extensive root system, good seedling vigor, fast growing, large biomass, and high tolerance to unfavorable environmental conditions. F. rubra has a high phytoremediation potential for As, B, Cu, Zn, Mn, Mo, and Se from fly ash. Despite the leaf chlorosis and necroses, deposited particles of fly ash on leaf surface, reduced photosynthetic efficiency, photopigments content, and high oxidative stress, this plants shows increased content of phenolics, ascorbate, and high total antioxidant activity. F. rubra growing on fly ash deposits shows a great adaptive potential indicating that this native grass has prominent role in ecosystem functioning, providing an excellent opportunity to implement this plant species in the police frameworks, sustainable management practices, and ecosystem services.