Prilog poznavanju alohtone flore u donjem toku reke Save

Abstract

Floristička istraživanja alohtone flore u donjem toku reke Save sprovedena su na lokalitetima Sremska Mitrovica, Jarak (opština Sremska Mitrovica), Šabac, „Crni lug“ (Boljevci, Surčin) i na području od Ostružnice do Makiša (uključujući i Makiš). Ovim istraživanjima je obuhvaćeno samo vodno telo, poplavna zona, nasip, kanali, napuštene i obradive površine koje su u neposrednoj blizini rečnog toka ili poplavne zone. Detektovano je 48 alohtonih biljaka, svrstanih u 24 familije, među kojima se po broju vrsta ističu Asteraceae (29,2%), Poaceae (10,4%) i Fabaceae (8,3%). Biološki spektar alohtone flore je terofitskog tipa, dok u hronološkom spektru dominiraju neofite, a u horološkom spektru vrste severnoameričkog porekla. Najčešći načini disperzije alohtonih vrsta su antropohorija, zoohorija i anemohorija. U reci Savi su zabeležene tri alohtone makrofite (Elodea canadensis, Vallisneria spiralis i Paspalum paspaloides), dok su na drugim površinama najfrekventnije i najbrojnije Acer negundo, Morus alba, Fraxinus lanceolata, Amorpha fruticosa, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Stenactis anuua, Amaranthus retroflexus i vrste rodova Solidago i Xantium. Da bi se sprečila degradacija prirodnih i antropogeno uslovljenih ekosistema u donjem toku reke Save, koji pogoduju naseljavanju, odomaćivanju i daljem rasejavanju alohtonih biljaka, treba preduzeti odgovarajuće preventivne mere. Najefikasnija strategija u borbi protiv invazivnih vrsta je upravo sprečavanje njihove invazije.

Floristic research of alien flora in lower course of the Sava River basin was conducted on the localities Sremska Mitrovica, Jarak (municipality of Sremska Mitrovica), Šabac, "Crni Lug" (Boljevci, Surčin) and area between Ostružnica and Makiš (including Makiš). Research included water body, flood zones, mounds, canals, abandoned and arable land close to the riverbed or flood zone. It was detected 48 alien plants, grouped into 24 families, among which Asteraceae (29.2%), Poaceae (10.4%) and Fabaceae (8.3%) stands out by number of alien species. The biological spectrum is therophyte type, chronological spectrum is dominated by neophytes and chorological spectrum is dominated by species of North American origin. The most common dispersal methods are dispersal by humans, animals and wind. In the Sava River riverbed three alien macrophytes were recorded (Elodea canadensis, Vallisneria spiralis and Paspalum paspaloides), while in other areas the most frequent species were Acer negundo, Morus alba, Fraxinus lanceolata, Amorpha fruticosa, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Stenactis anua, Amaranthus retroflexus, and species of genera Xanthium and Solidago. In order to prevent degradation of the natural and anthropogenically altered ecosystems in the lower course of the Sava river, caused by the introduction of alien species, their naturalisation and dissemination, it should take appropriate preventive measures. The most effective strategy in fighting against invasive species is to prevent their invasion.