An Evidence-based Perspective of Coriolus Versicolor (Multicolored Polypore Mushroom) for Cancer Patients

Abstract

In the era of molecularly targeted, rationally designed cancer therapeutics, natural products, especially medicinal mushrooms, continue to provide a rich source of anticancer agents. One potent medicinal mushroom extensively used in both traditional medicine and modern clinical practice is Coriolus versicolor (alternative names Trametes versicolor, Polyporus versicolor, Polystictus versicolor, multicolored polypore mushroom). In spite of their paucity, available data about the physical, chemical and pharmacodynamic properties of its active compounds and respectable scientific arguments support the possibility of developing at least some of the constituent molecules and metabolites into evidence-based immunotherapeutic remedies for cancer patients as part of comprehensive cancer treatment and secondary prevention strategy. In this chapter we present current knowledge about the immunological and antitumor properties of multicolored polypore mushroom constituents, and its possible applications for supportive cancer care and therapy. Modulation of innate and adaptive immunity, hematopoietic activity, and direct cytotoxic effects are reviewed with detailed analysis of molecular targets and signaling pathways affected by mushroom components and/or secondary metabolites. Data received from complementary in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro approaches are discussed. We also present some novel findings, which point to the highly different biological potency of multicolored polypore mushroom extracts and/or products from different sources and manufacturing procedures. The findings obtained from fundamental research are supplemented with information acquired from traditional usage and controlled clinical trials. Finally, we attempt to highlight the need for further evidence-based research with particular focus on potential drug interaction, contraindications and adverse effects, which should enable technological improvement of drug production.