Uticaj sprata žbunova u degradovanoj lužnjakovoj šumi na brošost populacije banatskog božura (paeonia qfficinalis subsp. Banatica /rochel/ soo) ha deliblatskoj peščari

Abstract

Paeonia offidnalis subsp. banatica (Rochel) Soo is a relict Pannonian endemic subspecies recorded at small number of localities in the Pannonian lowland, hi our country it grows on Deliblato Sands only, at locality Flamunda, within degraded pedunculate oak forest. Phytocoenological investigations in this forest show, that except old individual pedunculate oak trees, there are to be found and individual planted trees of Austrian pine and black locust. The dense layer of lower trees in form of the thicket is characteristic as well the great abundance of shrubs. In the aim to preserve critically small populations of the Banat peony (about 50 individuals), the light felling was carried out in degraded pedunculate oak forest. This experiment, with removing trees and shrubs in this forest, was carried out during the period 1994-1996., on a plot 50x50 m. The results have shown that during the initial three years of the experiment after the light felling was carried out, the number of juvenils of Banat peony, including reproduction of this species, was doubled. Through the repeated regrowth of the plot, the numerosity of the peony population as well the reproductive capacity are decreased.. Results show that the dense shrub layer, is one of endangering factors for the preservation of this species.

Paeonia qfficinalis subsp. banatica (Rochel) Soo je reliktna panonska endemična podvrsta sa malim brojem lokaliteta u Panonskoj niziji. U našoj zemlji raste samo na Deliblatskoj peščari, na lokalitetu Flamunda, u degradovanoj lužnjakovoj šumi. Fitocenološka istraživanja ove šume su pokazala da se u spratu drveća pored starih pojedinačnih lužnjakovih stabala nalaze se i pojedinačna sađena stabla crnog bora i bagrema. Karakterističan je gust sprat nižeg drveća u obliku šikare i velika brojnost žbunova. U cilju očuvanja kritički male populacije banatskog božura (oko 50 jedinki) izvršeno je prosvetljavanje degradovane lužnjakove sastojine. Eksperiment sa uklanjanjem drveća i žbunova u ovoj šumi obavljen je u periodu od 1994. do 1996. godine na površini veličine 50x50 m. Rezultati su pokazali je da je u prve tri godine ogleda, posle prosvetljavanja sastojine, udvostručen broj individua banatskog božura, sa obnovom reprodukcije vrete i pojavom juvenila. Ponovnim obrastanjem povrpšne brojnost populacije božura i reproduktivna sposobnost se smanjila. Rezultati pokazuju da je gust sprat žbunova u ovoj šumi jedan od ugrožavajućih faktora za očuvanje ove vrete.