Supplementary material "Variation in vertebrae shape across small-bodied newts reveals functional and developmental constraints acting upon the trunk region"

Abstract

Raw landmark coordinates Each trunk vertebrae (T1 to T13) per species obtained from landmarking 3D surface models of the specimens used in this study can be found in the zip file "Raw landmark coordinates.rar". Each file is labelled as follows: Vertebrae-"Species"-"Collection label"-"Vertebrae number". For example "Vertebrae-Ampelensis-OZ-62-G22595-T1". Collection labels can be found in Appendix table S1 and individual landmark descriptions in Appendix table S2.

Appendix table S1 Collection material analyzed and type of preservation: ethanol preserved and whole-mounts glycerine stored skeletons. Museum codes are: IBISS – University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, RMNH.RENA and ZMA.RENA – Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. N - sample size.

Appendix table S2 Brief anatomical descriptions of 27 landmarks configured to Lissotriton trunk vertebrae.

Appendix table S3 Frequency (%) of morphotypes over Lissotriton taxon / population and vertebra number.

Appendix table S4 Results on the phenotypic trajectory analysis with P-values for pairwise statistical assessment of a) the amount of species-specific shape changes along trunk region, i.e., trajectory size, b) the general orientation of shape changes in multivariate shape space, i.e., trajectory direction and c) the pattern of shape changes of vertebrae along the trunk region, i.e., trajectory shape.

Supplementary figure S1

Geographical distribution of the (sub-)species of the genus Lissotriton after Arntzen et al., 2009, Ianella et al., 2017 and Wielstra et al.,2018. Taxa are coded by colours as shown in the legend. Numbered dots indicate the localities of the populations that were studied, as also listed in Supplementary table S1. Note that no material was available for L. italicus and L. lantzi.

Supplementary figure S2

Phenotypic trajectories of shape changes along the trunk region of the newt genus Lissotriton expressed over the first (PC1) and third principal component axis (PC3). Trajectories were calculated for nine (sub-)species. The three populations of the L. helveticus were analysed separately. Taxa are coded by colours as shown in the legend. Connected dots represent the mean vertebrae (T) shape from T1 to T12, as is highlighted for L. helveticus from Marcillé la Ville, France. Three-dimensional surface models visualize the corresponding shape changes.

Supplementary figure S2_3D.

Three-dimensional graph showing phenotypic trajectories of shape changes along the trunk region in nine (sub-)species of the newt genus Lissotriton. Open the file with a web browser such as Google Chrome or Mozilla Firefox to visualize the trajectories in three dimensional morphospace that as defined by the first, second and third principal component axis (PC1, PC2 and PC3).