Методе и модели за процену осетљивости земљишта на процес ацидификације

Abstract

Mathematical models are an important tool for assessing the degree of degradation of natural ecosystems caused by anthropogenic impact to provide relevant information to decision-makers to improve the quality of the environment globally, regionally and locally. The paper presents various methods for assessing the susceptibility of soil to acidification. Methods and models are presented concerning the complexity of available databases and the model's applicability scope. The process of acidification of natural ecosystems has reached a global scale after several ecological catastrophes caused by increased emissions of acid oxides in the 1970s. To overcome this problem, the LRTAP conventions with eight protocols has been established to control and reduce emissions of pollutants to preserve the quality of the environment and natural ecosystems. Through the LRTAP convention protocols, different mathematical models have been developed to assess the impact of air pollution on natural ecosystems. Within the framework of this convention, the concept of forest ecosystem monitoring (ICPF) and "Critical Loads" concept has been established to define maximum concentrations of air pollutants at which the structure and functions of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems remain stable in the long run. This concept and its models have been intensively upgraded since the 1980s, and the latest requirements in the development of dynamic models go in implementation in integrated assessment models and so-called "Scenario Analysis". t should also be born in mind that good predictable capabilities of the model require relevant formulations of ecosystem processes, which can be established only based on quality databasis in longer time series. It is very difficult to validate the output data of models dealing with natural processes. To overcome this problem to a certain extant, it is very important to support further ecosystem monitoring on different scales and scopes and to apply a multi-model approach to explain a natural phenomenon.