Novi kocept zajedničkih istraživanja reke Dunav – JDS4 pristup

Abstract

The efforts focusing on the Danube investigations are understandable as the Danube is the second largest European river and the largest waterway in the EU. Prior to the promotion of philosophy established by the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) in 2000, several comprehensive expeditions took place along the Danube – e.g. the survey organized by the International Association for the Danube River in 1990 or the Equipe Cousteau survey programme in 1990-1992. Despite the intensive research, it became clear that without joint efforts of all interested parties, it is impossible to collect comprehensive, comparable data for the entire Danube, providing a basis for a better understanding of complex processes that occur in this large river. Guided by this idea, as well as by the motivation to establish an efficient expert cooperation throughout the Danube River Basin, the International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR) introduced the concept of joint surveys of the Danube River (JDS). Those efforts resulted in several complex, multidisciplinary surveys – the Joint Danube Survey 1 (JDS1) and International Tisza Survey in 2001, AquaTerra Danube Survey in 2004, JDS2 in 2007 and JDS3 in 2013. Motivated by experience from previous surveys, ICPDR is in the final phase of preparation of JDS4, which will officially start on 29th of June 2019 on the “Danube Day”. All past JDS expeditions were realized by the core team of scientists that completed longitudinal survey along the Danube. In the case of the JDS4, the expedition will be realized with active participation of national teams of the “Danubian” countries. All national teams (Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Check Republic, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria, Moldova and Ukraine) will perform sampling and data collection in same period. Also, the samples will be partially processed by national teams, while only specific analyses will be done by advanced European laboratories. As in the case of previous surveys, the key objective of JDS4 is to produce comparable and reliable information on selected water quality elements for the whole of the length of the Danube River including the major tributaries on a shortterm basis. In addition, in compare to previous surveys, JDS4 aims to provide an opportunity for more effective harmonization and training in WFD related monitoring.

Napori usmereni istraživanju Dunava su razumljivi, ovo je druga po redu reka Evrope po veličini, kao i najveći navigacioni koridor Evropske unije (EU). Pre promocije filozofije ustanovljene Okvirnom direktivom o vodama EU (ODV) 2000. godine, više složenih istraživačkih ekspedicija je realizovano na Dunavu – na pr. studija koju je organizovala Međunarodna asocijacija za Dunav (International Association for the Danube River) 1990. ili Kustoova ekspedicija (Equipe Cousteau survey programme) u periopdu 1990-1992. Uprkos intenzivnim istraživanjima, postalo je jasno da bez zajedničkih napora svih zainteresovanih strana nije moguće prikupiti potpune i poredive podatke za ceo Dunav, koji bi obezbedili osnovu za razumevanje složenih procesa koji se odigravaju u ovoj moćnoj reci. Vođeni ovom idejom, kao i u težnji da se ustanovi efikasna saradnja među stručnjacima u celom slivu Dunava, Međunarodna komisija za zaštitu reke Dunav (International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River - ICPDR) ustanovljava concept zajedničkih istraživanja reke Dunav (Joint Danube Survey - JDS). Rezultat ovih nastojanja je realizacija više složenih međunarodnih ekspedicija – Joint Danube Survey 1 (JDS1), International Tisza Survey 2001, AquaTerra Danube Survey 2004, JDS2 2007. i JDS3 2013. Motivisan iskustvima prethodnih istraživanja, ICPDR je u završnoj fazi pripreme Četvrtog zajedničkog istraživanja reke Dunav - JDS4, koje zvanično počinje 29. juna 2019, na Dan Dunava. Sva prethodna zajednička istraživanja Dunava realizovana su kao longitudinalnie studije uz učešće međunarodnih timova naučnika. U slučaju JDS4, ekspedicija će biti realizovana uz aktivno učešće nacionalnih timova zemalja Podunavlja. Svi nacionalni timovi (Nemačka, Austrija, Slovačka, Češka, Mađarska, Hrvatska Srbija, Rumunija, Bugarska Moldavija i Ukrajina) vršiće uzorkovanje u istom periodu. Uzorci će, takođe, delimično biti obrađeni od strane nacionalnih timova, dok će se samo specijalizovane analize vršiti najkvalitetnijim evropskim laboratorijama. Kao u slučaju prethodnih istraživanja, ključni cilj JDS4 je da se obezbede poredive i pouzdane informacije o izabranim elementima kvaliteta vode za ceo Dunav., uključujući i najznačajnije pritoke. Dodatno, u poređenju sa prethodnim istraživanjima, cilj JDS4 je da se omogući efektivnija harmonizacija metoda i obuka za monitoring prema smernicama ODV.