Exploring Uganda’s bat diversity: a rapid assessment utilizing a combination of techniques

Abstract

Uganda is recognised as a biodiversity hotspot, but knowledge gaps remain, especially for lesser-known taxonomic groups like bats. More comprehensive taxonomic studies and combined monitoring methods are needed to assess bat species' distributions and populations. In early 2023, NGO Fauna Forever partnered with local biologists, rangers and community members to conduct a rapid bat diversity assessment at eight privately-owned sites across Uganda, mostly in close proximity of National Parks. We used a combination of ground mist nets, a triple high mist net system, and a 2-bank harp trap to survey bats. We captured 664 bats of 44 species from 8 families. Each method revealed unique captures, with 38% of individuals caught in the triple high net (including 8 species not trapped elsewhere), all but one of the Nycterid bats caught in ground nets, and the only individual of Kerivoula smithii trapped in the harp trap. We emphasize the importance of using a combination of methods to assess the bat community, and advocate for training local conservationists in diverse survey techniques. Furthermore, we share our experience delivering workshops at Sadhguru School to showcase the diversity and importance of local bat fauna. Our study yields significant contributions, including new species distribution records, genetic and morphometric data, and hand-release echolocation call recordings. These findings will contribute to conservation efforts, taxonomic assessments, and the growth of a bat call reference library in Uganda. Undoubtedly, continuous monitoring of biodiversity is crucial for understanding population trends, detecting threats, and formulating effective conservation strategies.