Does the anesthetic tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) distort oxidative status parameters in tadpoles?

Abstract

The effect of anesthesia/euthanasia with ethyl 3-aminobenzoate methanesulfonate (MS-222) on the oxidative status of Hyla arborea tadpoles was examined to determine whether the use of the anesthetic can confound the experimental results of the oxidative stress-based investigation. The experiment was conducted on two groups of tadpoles reared at different temperatures to produce differences in antioxidant capacity between the groups. After development at different temperatures (20 °C and 25 °C), the animals were exposed to different concentrations of MS-222 (0, 0.1, 1, and 5 g/L) for 15 min. The higher temperature decreased catalase activity, glutathione and protein carbonyl levels and increased glutathione reductase activity. The glutathione level and glutathione/thiol-related parameters were significantly changed after MS-222 exposure. However, individuals from the different temperature groups responded differently to the tested anesthetic, pointing to the possible influence of the initial levels of antioxidant capacity. The analysis of the interaction between the factors (temperature and MS-222) confirmed that the anesthetic can confound the results regarding the effects of temperature on the oxidative status parameters. The concentration of 0.1 g/L MS-222 had the lowest influence on the alterations in oxidative status and the results of the effect of temperature. A brief review of the current literature on the use of MS-222 in tadpoles made clear the absence of precise information on anesthetic concentration and exposure time. Similar studies should be repeated and extended to other amphibian species and other factors of interest to provide better guidance on tadpole anesthesia/euthanasia for future experiments that consider oxidative status parameters.