TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chiavaroli, Annalisa
AU  - Sinan, Koaudio Ibrahime
AU  - Zengin, Gokhan
AU  - Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi
AU  - Bibi Sadeer, Nabeelah
AU  - Etienne, Ouattara Katinan
AU  - Cziáky, Zoltán
AU  - Jekő, József
AU  - Glamočlija, Jasmina
AU  - Soković, Marina
AU  - Recinella, Lucia
AU  - Brunetti, Luigi
AU  - Leone, Sheila
AU  - Abdallah, Hassan H.
AU  - Angelini, Paola
AU  - Angeles Flores, Giancarlo
AU  - Venanzoni, Roberto
AU  - Menghini, Luigi
AU  - Orlando, Giustino
AU  - Ferrante, Claudio
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/9/6/533
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3719
AB  - Mangrove forests exemplify a multifaceted ecosystem since they do not only play a crucial ecological role but also possess medicinal properties. Methanolic, ethyl acetate and aqueous leaf and bark extracts were prepared using homogenizer-assisted extraction (HAE), infusion and maceration (with and without stirring). The different extracts were screened for phytochemical profiling and antioxidant capacities in terms of radical scavenging (DPPH, ABTS), reducing potential (CUPRAC, FRAP), total antioxidant capacity and chelating power. Additionally, R. racemosa was evaluated for its anti-diabetic (α-amylase, α-glucosidase), anti-tyrosinase and anti-cholinesterase (AChE, BChE) activities. Additionally, antimycotic and antibacterial effects were investigated against Eescherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride, Penicillium funiculosum, Penicillium ochrochloron and Penicillium verrucosum. Finally, based on phytochemical fingerprint, in silico studies, including bioinformatics, network pharmacology and docking approaches were conducted to predict the putative targets, namely tyrosinase, lanosterol-14-α-demethylase and E. coli DNA gyrase, underlying the observed bio-pharmacological and microbiological effects. The methanolic leave and bark extracts (prepared by both HAE and maceration) abounded with phenolics, flavonoids, phenolic acids and flavonols. Results displayed that both methanolic leaf and bark extracts (prepared by HAE) exhibited the highest radical scavenging, reducing potential and total antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, our findings showed that the highest enzymatic inhibitory activity recorded was with the tyrosinase enzyme. In this context, bioinformatics analysis predicted putative interactions between tyrosinase and multiple secondary metabolites including apigenin, luteolin, vitexin, isovitexin, procyanidin B, quercetin and methoxy-trihydroxyflavone. The same compounds were also docked against lanosterol-14α-demethylase and E. Coli DNA gyrase, yielding affinities in the submicromolar–micromolar range that further support the observed anti-microbial effects exerted by the extracts. In conclusion, extracts of R. racemosa may be considered as novel sources of phytoanti-oxidants and enzyme inhibitors that can be exploited as future first-line pharmacophores.
PB  - MDPI AG
T2  - Antioxidants
T1  - Identification of Chemical Profiles and Biological Properties of Rhizophora racemosa G. Mey. Extracts Obtained by Different Methods and Solvents
IS  - 6
VL  - 9
DO  - 10.3390/antiox9060533
SP  - 533
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Chiavaroli, Annalisa and Sinan, Koaudio Ibrahime and Zengin, Gokhan and Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi and Bibi Sadeer, Nabeelah and Etienne, Ouattara Katinan and Cziáky, Zoltán and Jekő, József and Glamočlija, Jasmina and Soković, Marina and Recinella, Lucia and Brunetti, Luigi and Leone, Sheila and Abdallah, Hassan H. and Angelini, Paola and Angeles Flores, Giancarlo and Venanzoni, Roberto and Menghini, Luigi and Orlando, Giustino and Ferrante, Claudio",
year = "2020",
abstract = "Mangrove forests exemplify a multifaceted ecosystem since they do not only play a crucial ecological role but also possess medicinal properties. Methanolic, ethyl acetate and aqueous leaf and bark extracts were prepared using homogenizer-assisted extraction (HAE), infusion and maceration (with and without stirring). The different extracts were screened for phytochemical profiling and antioxidant capacities in terms of radical scavenging (DPPH, ABTS), reducing potential (CUPRAC, FRAP), total antioxidant capacity and chelating power. Additionally, R. racemosa was evaluated for its anti-diabetic (α-amylase, α-glucosidase), anti-tyrosinase and anti-cholinesterase (AChE, BChE) activities. Additionally, antimycotic and antibacterial effects were investigated against Eescherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride, Penicillium funiculosum, Penicillium ochrochloron and Penicillium verrucosum. Finally, based on phytochemical fingerprint, in silico studies, including bioinformatics, network pharmacology and docking approaches were conducted to predict the putative targets, namely tyrosinase, lanosterol-14-α-demethylase and E. coli DNA gyrase, underlying the observed bio-pharmacological and microbiological effects. The methanolic leave and bark extracts (prepared by both HAE and maceration) abounded with phenolics, flavonoids, phenolic acids and flavonols. Results displayed that both methanolic leaf and bark extracts (prepared by HAE) exhibited the highest radical scavenging, reducing potential and total antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, our findings showed that the highest enzymatic inhibitory activity recorded was with the tyrosinase enzyme. In this context, bioinformatics analysis predicted putative interactions between tyrosinase and multiple secondary metabolites including apigenin, luteolin, vitexin, isovitexin, procyanidin B, quercetin and methoxy-trihydroxyflavone. The same compounds were also docked against lanosterol-14α-demethylase and E. Coli DNA gyrase, yielding affinities in the submicromolar–micromolar range that further support the observed anti-microbial effects exerted by the extracts. In conclusion, extracts of R. racemosa may be considered as novel sources of phytoanti-oxidants and enzyme inhibitors that can be exploited as future first-line pharmacophores.",
publisher = "MDPI AG",
journal = "Antioxidants",
title = "Identification of Chemical Profiles and Biological Properties of Rhizophora racemosa G. Mey. Extracts Obtained by Different Methods and Solvents",
number = "6",
volume = "9",
doi = "10.3390/antiox9060533",
pages = "533"
}

Chiavaroli, A., Sinan, K. I., Zengin, G., Mahomoodally, M. F., Bibi Sadeer, N., Etienne, O. K., Cziáky, Z., Jekő, J., Glamočlija, J., Soković, M., Recinella, L., Brunetti, L., Leone, S., Abdallah, H. H., Angelini, P., Angeles Flores, G., Venanzoni, R., Menghini, L., Orlando, G.,& Ferrante, C.. (2020). Identification of Chemical Profiles and Biological Properties of Rhizophora racemosa G. Mey. Extracts Obtained by Different Methods and Solvents. in Antioxidants
MDPI AG., 9(6), 533.
https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9060533

Chiavaroli A, Sinan KI, Zengin G, Mahomoodally MF, Bibi Sadeer N, Etienne OK, Cziáky Z, Jekő J, Glamočlija J, Soković M, Recinella L, Brunetti L, Leone S, Abdallah HH, Angelini P, Angeles Flores G, Venanzoni R, Menghini L, Orlando G, Ferrante C. Identification of Chemical Profiles and Biological Properties of Rhizophora racemosa G. Mey. Extracts Obtained by Different Methods and Solvents. in Antioxidants. 2020;9(6):533.
doi:10.3390/antiox9060533 .

Chiavaroli, Annalisa, Sinan, Koaudio Ibrahime, Zengin, Gokhan, Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi, Bibi Sadeer, Nabeelah, Etienne, Ouattara Katinan, Cziáky, Zoltán, Jekő, József, Glamočlija, Jasmina, Soković, Marina, Recinella, Lucia, Brunetti, Luigi, Leone, Sheila, Abdallah, Hassan H., Angelini, Paola, Angeles Flores, Giancarlo, Venanzoni, Roberto, Menghini, Luigi, Orlando, Giustino, Ferrante, Claudio, "Identification of Chemical Profiles and Biological Properties of Rhizophora racemosa G. Mey. Extracts Obtained by Different Methods and Solvents" in Antioxidants, 9, no. 6 (2020):533,
https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9060533 . .