@article{
author = "Ninkov, Marina and Popov Aleksandrov, Aleksandra and Demenesku, Jelena and Mirkov, Ivana and Tucović, Dina and Petrovic, Anja and Grigorov, Ilijana and Zolotarevski, Lidija and Tolinacki, Maja and Kataranovski, Dragan S. and Brceski, Ilija and Kataranovski, Milena",
year = "2015",
abstract = "Gastrointestinal tract is one of the main targets of cadmium (Cd), an
important food and drinking water contaminant. In the present study, the
effect of subchronic (30 days) oral (in water) intake of 5ppm and 50ppm
of cadmium on immune responses in the gut was examined in rats. Cadmium
consumption resulted in reduction of bacteria corresponding to
Lactobacillus strain, tissue damage and intestinal inflammation
{[}increases in high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1 molecules), superoxide
dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity and proinflammatory cytokine
(TNF, IL-1 beta, IFN-gamma, IL-17) content]. Draining (mesenteric) lymph
node (MLN) stress response was observed {[}elevation of MLN glutathione
(GSH) and metallothionein (MT) mRNA levels] and stimulation of both
adaptive {[}cellularity, proliferation, proinflammatory (IFN-gamma and
IL-17) MLN cell cytokine responses] as well as innate immune activity
(increases in numbers of NK and CD68(+) cells, oxidative activities,
IL-1 beta). In contrast to proinflammatory milieu in MLN, decreased or
unchanged antiinflammatory IL-10 response was observed. Stimulation of
immune activities of MLN cells have, most probably, resulted from
sensing of cadmium-induced tissue injury, but also from bacterial
antigens that breached compromised intestinal barrier. These effects of
cadmium should be taken into account when assessing dietary cadmium as
health risk factor. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.",
journal = "Toxicology Letters",
title = "Toxicity of oral cadmium intake: Impact on gut immunity",
number = "2",
volume = "237",
doi = "10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.06.002",
pages = "89-99"
}