TY  - CONF
AU  - Nikolić, Ljiljana
AU  - Bataveljić, Danijela
AU  - Bijelić, Dunja
AU  - Milićević, Katarina
AU  - Bogdanović Pristov, Jelena
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5835
AB  - The neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) plays a central role in regulating arousal,
attention, cognitive function and stress responses. Unlike fast neurotransmitters which
act at synapses, NE is released in the neuropil and performs multiple targeting in the
surrounding area. The glial cells astrocytes are a direct target of NE, as they express
all adrenergic receptor subtypes and respond with Ca2+ increases to NE. Astroglial
responses elicited by strong and transient increases of NE in the brain are well studied,
but the effect of a low background NE concentration on astrocytes is unknown. This
background level of NE is maintained by basal noradrenergic activity and is
constantly present in the brain. Therefore, the response of astrocytes to the
background NE could have been unintentionally evoked in previous studies but its
effect overlooked.

To assess action of background NE on astrocytes we combined the whole-cell patch-
clamp, immunohistochemistry, Ca2+ imaging and pharmacology. We used cultured

cortical astrocytes to bypass NE targeting of multiple cell types.
We show that cortical astrocytes detect and respond to the background NE
concentration with an increase in intracellular Ca2+. This Ca2+ liberated from
intracellular stores further increased large-conductance, Ca2+-sensitive potassium
(BK) currents in astrocytes. Notably, immunohistochemistry data showed that BK
channels and alpha 1 adrenoreceptor are highly expressed in astrocytes in the rat
cortex. Furthermore, stimulation of astrocytes by background NE was inhibited by
alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist.
Our results suggest that astrocytes maintain basal brain activity by perceiving and
responding to the background NE.
PB  - Belgrade: Serbian Neuroscience Society
C3  - Book of abstracts: 8th Congress of Serbian Neuroscience Society with international participation; 2023 May 31 - Jun 2; Belgrade, Serbia
T1  - Background norepinephrine impacts activity of cortical astrocytes
SP  - 51
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_5835
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Nikolić, Ljiljana and Bataveljić, Danijela and Bijelić, Dunja and Milićević, Katarina and Bogdanović Pristov, Jelena",
year = "2023",
abstract = "The neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) plays a central role in regulating arousal,
attention, cognitive function and stress responses. Unlike fast neurotransmitters which
act at synapses, NE is released in the neuropil and performs multiple targeting in the
surrounding area. The glial cells astrocytes are a direct target of NE, as they express
all adrenergic receptor subtypes and respond with Ca2+ increases to NE. Astroglial
responses elicited by strong and transient increases of NE in the brain are well studied,
but the effect of a low background NE concentration on astrocytes is unknown. This
background level of NE is maintained by basal noradrenergic activity and is
constantly present in the brain. Therefore, the response of astrocytes to the
background NE could have been unintentionally evoked in previous studies but its
effect overlooked.

To assess action of background NE on astrocytes we combined the whole-cell patch-
clamp, immunohistochemistry, Ca2+ imaging and pharmacology. We used cultured

cortical astrocytes to bypass NE targeting of multiple cell types.
We show that cortical astrocytes detect and respond to the background NE
concentration with an increase in intracellular Ca2+. This Ca2+ liberated from
intracellular stores further increased large-conductance, Ca2+-sensitive potassium
(BK) currents in astrocytes. Notably, immunohistochemistry data showed that BK
channels and alpha 1 adrenoreceptor are highly expressed in astrocytes in the rat
cortex. Furthermore, stimulation of astrocytes by background NE was inhibited by
alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist.
Our results suggest that astrocytes maintain basal brain activity by perceiving and
responding to the background NE.",
publisher = "Belgrade: Serbian Neuroscience Society",
journal = "Book of abstracts: 8th Congress of Serbian Neuroscience Society with international participation; 2023 May 31 - Jun 2; Belgrade, Serbia",
title = "Background norepinephrine impacts activity of cortical astrocytes",
pages = "51",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_5835"
}

Nikolić, L., Bataveljić, D., Bijelić, D., Milićević, K.,& Bogdanović Pristov, J.. (2023). Background norepinephrine impacts activity of cortical astrocytes. in Book of abstracts: 8th Congress of Serbian Neuroscience Society with international participation; 2023 May 31 - Jun 2; Belgrade, Serbia
Belgrade: Serbian Neuroscience Society., 51.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_5835

Nikolić L, Bataveljić D, Bijelić D, Milićević K, Bogdanović Pristov J. Background norepinephrine impacts activity of cortical astrocytes. in Book of abstracts: 8th Congress of Serbian Neuroscience Society with international participation; 2023 May 31 - Jun 2; Belgrade, Serbia. 2023;:51.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_5835 .

Nikolić, Ljiljana, Bataveljić, Danijela, Bijelić, Dunja, Milićević, Katarina, Bogdanović Pristov, Jelena, "Background norepinephrine impacts activity of cortical astrocytes" in Book of abstracts: 8th Congress of Serbian Neuroscience Society with international participation; 2023 May 31 - Jun 2; Belgrade, Serbia (2023):51,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_5835 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Milićević, Katarina
AU  - Bataveljić, Danijela
AU  - Bogdanović Pristov, Jelena
AU  - Anđus, Pavle
AU  - Nikolić, Ljiljana
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5837
AB  - The astrocytic network maintains homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS)
through interactions with neighboring cells. In the CNS autoimmune disease, multiple
sclerosis (MS), neuroinflammatory conditions modulate these cell-to-cell interactions.
Our previous work revealed that the immune cells infiltrated into the CNS (CNS-IICs)
of experimental autoimmune encemphalomyelitis (EAE) rat, an animal model of MS,
rapidly alter the activity pattern of astrocytes by activating the glial P2X7 receptor
(P2X7R). In the present study we further defined the mechanisms responsible for
astrocytes’ activation in the presence of CNS-IICs. For this purpose, we used an in
vitro experimental setup and monitored Ca2+ dynamics in Fluo-4-labeled cultured
naïve astrocytes following brief bath application of CNS-IICs isolated from the spinal
cord of the EAE rat. Our data indicate that the astroglial αvβ3-integrin is involved in
the initial contact of astrocytes with CNS-IICs, since blocking αvβ3-integrin reduced
the expected astrocytic Ca2+ response. Furthermore, blocking of mitochondrial
Na+
/Ca2+- and H+

/Ca2+- exchangers in astrocytes promoted an augmentation of the
intracellular Ca2+ increase and a higher ATP release after brief exposure to CNS-IICs,
demonstrating that mitochondria regulate the astrocyte-CNS IICs cell-cell interaction.
Overall, our study expands the understanding of astrocytes’ interaction with
autoreactive immune cells that are present in their local environment in an
autoimmune disease. This offers a new conceptual framework for considering direct
astrocyte–immune cell interaction to design new strategies for therapy development in
the treatment of MS.
PB  - Belgrade: Serbian Neuroscience Society
C3  - Book of abstracts: 8th Congress of Serbian Neuroscience Society with international participation; 2023 May 31 - Jun 2; Belgrade, Serbia
T1  - αVβ3-Integrin and mitochondria mediate astrocyte response to autoreactive immune cells
SP  - 101
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_5837
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Milićević, Katarina and Bataveljić, Danijela and Bogdanović Pristov, Jelena and Anđus, Pavle and Nikolić, Ljiljana",
year = "2023",
abstract = "The astrocytic network maintains homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS)
through interactions with neighboring cells. In the CNS autoimmune disease, multiple
sclerosis (MS), neuroinflammatory conditions modulate these cell-to-cell interactions.
Our previous work revealed that the immune cells infiltrated into the CNS (CNS-IICs)
of experimental autoimmune encemphalomyelitis (EAE) rat, an animal model of MS,
rapidly alter the activity pattern of astrocytes by activating the glial P2X7 receptor
(P2X7R). In the present study we further defined the mechanisms responsible for
astrocytes’ activation in the presence of CNS-IICs. For this purpose, we used an in
vitro experimental setup and monitored Ca2+ dynamics in Fluo-4-labeled cultured
naïve astrocytes following brief bath application of CNS-IICs isolated from the spinal
cord of the EAE rat. Our data indicate that the astroglial αvβ3-integrin is involved in
the initial contact of astrocytes with CNS-IICs, since blocking αvβ3-integrin reduced
the expected astrocytic Ca2+ response. Furthermore, blocking of mitochondrial
Na+
/Ca2+- and H+

/Ca2+- exchangers in astrocytes promoted an augmentation of the
intracellular Ca2+ increase and a higher ATP release after brief exposure to CNS-IICs,
demonstrating that mitochondria regulate the astrocyte-CNS IICs cell-cell interaction.
Overall, our study expands the understanding of astrocytes’ interaction with
autoreactive immune cells that are present in their local environment in an
autoimmune disease. This offers a new conceptual framework for considering direct
astrocyte–immune cell interaction to design new strategies for therapy development in
the treatment of MS.",
publisher = "Belgrade: Serbian Neuroscience Society",
journal = "Book of abstracts: 8th Congress of Serbian Neuroscience Society with international participation; 2023 May 31 - Jun 2; Belgrade, Serbia",
title = "αVβ3-Integrin and mitochondria mediate astrocyte response to autoreactive immune cells",
pages = "101",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_5837"
}

Milićević, K., Bataveljić, D., Bogdanović Pristov, J., Anđus, P.,& Nikolić, L.. (2023). αVβ3-Integrin and mitochondria mediate astrocyte response to autoreactive immune cells. in Book of abstracts: 8th Congress of Serbian Neuroscience Society with international participation; 2023 May 31 - Jun 2; Belgrade, Serbia
Belgrade: Serbian Neuroscience Society., 101.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_5837

Milićević K, Bataveljić D, Bogdanović Pristov J, Anđus P, Nikolić L. αVβ3-Integrin and mitochondria mediate astrocyte response to autoreactive immune cells. in Book of abstracts: 8th Congress of Serbian Neuroscience Society with international participation; 2023 May 31 - Jun 2; Belgrade, Serbia. 2023;:101.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_5837 .

Milićević, Katarina, Bataveljić, Danijela, Bogdanović Pristov, Jelena, Anđus, Pavle, Nikolić, Ljiljana, "αVβ3-Integrin and mitochondria mediate astrocyte response to autoreactive immune cells" in Book of abstracts: 8th Congress of Serbian Neuroscience Society with international participation; 2023 May 31 - Jun 2; Belgrade, Serbia (2023):101,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_5837 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Anđus, Pavle
AU  - Perić, Mina
AU  - Nikolić, Ljiljana
AU  - Bataveljić, Danijela
PY  - 2022
UR  - http://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5513
AB  - Non-neuronal cells of glial origin play an essential
role in ALS onset and progression. Amer gaining
knowledge on the role of astrocytes in the disease
with particular reference to the inwardly rectifying
potassium channel Kir4.1 we aimed to examine the
functional properties of microglia and oligodendrocytes in the spinal cord of the ALS SOD1G93A rat
focusing on the expression and functional signilcance of Kir4.1.
Microglia in the ALS rat spinal cords showed
remarkable clustering in ventral horns, already in
presymptomatic animals. Colocalization of Kir4.1
and microglial Iba1 staining was 2-3 times more
abundant in presymptomatic as well as in symptomatic animals compared to individual cells. It was
also shown that these clusters bare a higher accumulation and colocalization of Kir4.1 and Iba1 with
mutated SOD1 compared to individual cells.
se spinal cord microglial cells were cultured and
patch-clamped using an innovative movable microscope stage to facilitate the gigaseal formation.
sese measurements demonstrated a decrease of
Ba2+-sensitive Kir currents.
se expression of Kir4.1 was markedly diminished in the dysmorphic ALS oligodendrocytes of
the degenerative phenotype. se cells isolated and
cultured from the SOD1G93A spinal cord showed
no change in processes ramilcation, but expressed
a lower level of Kir4.1. Whole-cell patch-clamp
recordings revealed compromised membrane
biophysical properties and diminished inward currents in ALS oligodendrocytes, with a particularly
decreased Ba2+-sensitive Kir current.
Altogether, our lndings provide the evidence
of a modiled Kir4.1 expression and function in
SOD1G93A glia with this channel’s particular abundance in clusters resembling ALS-specilc plaques.
PB  - Zagreb: Department of Neurology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb
C3  - Abstracts: International Conference on Neurological Disorders and Neurorestoration; 2022 May 19-22; Dubrovnik, Croatia
T1  - Kir4.1 channel- A universal target in ALS glia
SP  - 13
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_5513
ER  - 

@conference{
editor = "Mitrečić, Dinko, Petravić, Damir",
author = "Anđus, Pavle and Perić, Mina and Nikolić, Ljiljana and Bataveljić, Danijela",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Non-neuronal cells of glial origin play an essential
role in ALS onset and progression. Amer gaining
knowledge on the role of astrocytes in the disease
with particular reference to the inwardly rectifying
potassium channel Kir4.1 we aimed to examine the
functional properties of microglia and oligodendrocytes in the spinal cord of the ALS SOD1G93A rat
focusing on the expression and functional signilcance of Kir4.1.
Microglia in the ALS rat spinal cords showed
remarkable clustering in ventral horns, already in
presymptomatic animals. Colocalization of Kir4.1
and microglial Iba1 staining was 2-3 times more
abundant in presymptomatic as well as in symptomatic animals compared to individual cells. It was
also shown that these clusters bare a higher accumulation and colocalization of Kir4.1 and Iba1 with
mutated SOD1 compared to individual cells.
se spinal cord microglial cells were cultured and
patch-clamped using an innovative movable microscope stage to facilitate the gigaseal formation.
sese measurements demonstrated a decrease of
Ba2+-sensitive Kir currents.
se expression of Kir4.1 was markedly diminished in the dysmorphic ALS oligodendrocytes of
the degenerative phenotype. se cells isolated and
cultured from the SOD1G93A spinal cord showed
no change in processes ramilcation, but expressed
a lower level of Kir4.1. Whole-cell patch-clamp
recordings revealed compromised membrane
biophysical properties and diminished inward currents in ALS oligodendrocytes, with a particularly
decreased Ba2+-sensitive Kir current.
Altogether, our lndings provide the evidence
of a modiled Kir4.1 expression and function in
SOD1G93A glia with this channel’s particular abundance in clusters resembling ALS-specilc plaques.",
publisher = "Zagreb: Department of Neurology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb",
journal = "Abstracts: International Conference on Neurological Disorders and Neurorestoration; 2022 May 19-22; Dubrovnik, Croatia",
title = "Kir4.1 channel- A universal target in ALS glia",
pages = "13",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_5513"
}

Mitrečić, D., Petravić, D., Anđus, P., Perić, M., Nikolić, L.,& Bataveljić, D.. (2022). Kir4.1 channel- A universal target in ALS glia. in Abstracts: International Conference on Neurological Disorders and Neurorestoration; 2022 May 19-22; Dubrovnik, Croatia
Zagreb: Department of Neurology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb., 13.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_5513

Mitrečić D, Petravić D, Anđus P, Perić M, Nikolić L, Bataveljić D. Kir4.1 channel- A universal target in ALS glia. in Abstracts: International Conference on Neurological Disorders and Neurorestoration; 2022 May 19-22; Dubrovnik, Croatia. 2022;:13.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_5513 .

Mitrečić, Dinko, Petravić, Damir, Anđus, Pavle, Perić, Mina, Nikolić, Ljiljana, Bataveljić, Danijela, "Kir4.1 channel- A universal target in ALS glia" in Abstracts: International Conference on Neurological Disorders and Neurorestoration; 2022 May 19-22; Dubrovnik, Croatia (2022):13,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_5513 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Perić, Mina
AU  - Bataveljić, Danijela
AU  - Bijelić, Dunja
AU  - Milićević, Katarina
AU  - Andjus, Pavle R.
AU  - Bogdanović Pristov, Jelena
AU  - Nikolić, Ljiljana
PY  - 2022
UR  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jemt.24066
UR  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35088507
UR  - http://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4790
AB  - We describe an approach for studying the physiology of single live cells using the conceptionally novel upright microscope/patch-clamp configuration. Electrophysiology experiments typically require a microscope with the fixed stage position and the motion control of the microscope objective. Here, we demonstrate that a microscope with a z-axis movable stage and a fixed objective can also be efficiently used in combination with the patch-clamp technique. We define a set of underlying principles governing the operation of this microscope/patch-clamp configuration and demonstrate its performance in practice using cultured astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. Experimental results show that our custom configuration provides stable recordings, has a high success rate of the whole-cell patch-clamp trials, can be effectively applied to study cellular physiology of glial cells, and provides comparable performance and usability to the commercially available systems. Our system can be easily replicated or adapted to suit the needs of the research groups and can be cost-effective in reducing the investments in purchasing additional equipment. We provide step-by-step instructions on implementing an upright microscope with z-axis movable stage as a routine workhorse for patch-clamping.
PB  - Hoboken: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
T2  - Microscopy Research and Technique
T1  - Approach for patch-clamping using an upright microscope with z-axis movable stage.
IS  - 6
VL  - 85
DO  - 10.1002/jemt.24066
SP  - 2095
EP  - 2104
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Perić, Mina and Bataveljić, Danijela and Bijelić, Dunja and Milićević, Katarina and Andjus, Pavle R. and Bogdanović Pristov, Jelena and Nikolić, Ljiljana",
year = "2022",
abstract = "We describe an approach for studying the physiology of single live cells using the conceptionally novel upright microscope/patch-clamp configuration. Electrophysiology experiments typically require a microscope with the fixed stage position and the motion control of the microscope objective. Here, we demonstrate that a microscope with a z-axis movable stage and a fixed objective can also be efficiently used in combination with the patch-clamp technique. We define a set of underlying principles governing the operation of this microscope/patch-clamp configuration and demonstrate its performance in practice using cultured astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. Experimental results show that our custom configuration provides stable recordings, has a high success rate of the whole-cell patch-clamp trials, can be effectively applied to study cellular physiology of glial cells, and provides comparable performance and usability to the commercially available systems. Our system can be easily replicated or adapted to suit the needs of the research groups and can be cost-effective in reducing the investments in purchasing additional equipment. We provide step-by-step instructions on implementing an upright microscope with z-axis movable stage as a routine workhorse for patch-clamping.",
publisher = "Hoboken: John Wiley and Sons Inc.",
journal = "Microscopy Research and Technique",
title = "Approach for patch-clamping using an upright microscope with z-axis movable stage.",
number = "6",
volume = "85",
doi = "10.1002/jemt.24066",
pages = "2095-2104"
}

Perić, M., Bataveljić, D., Bijelić, D., Milićević, K., Andjus, P. R., Bogdanović Pristov, J.,& Nikolić, L.. (2022). Approach for patch-clamping using an upright microscope with z-axis movable stage.. in Microscopy Research and Technique
Hoboken: John Wiley and Sons Inc.., 85(6), 2095-2104.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24066

Perić M, Bataveljić D, Bijelić D, Milićević K, Andjus PR, Bogdanović Pristov J, Nikolić L. Approach for patch-clamping using an upright microscope with z-axis movable stage.. in Microscopy Research and Technique. 2022;85(6):2095-2104.
doi:10.1002/jemt.24066 .

Perić, Mina, Bataveljić, Danijela, Bijelić, Dunja, Milićević, Katarina, Andjus, Pavle R., Bogdanović Pristov, Jelena, Nikolić, Ljiljana, "Approach for patch-clamping using an upright microscope with z-axis movable stage." in Microscopy Research and Technique, 85, no. 6 (2022):2095-2104,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24066 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Perić, Mina
AU  - Nikolić, Ljiljana
AU  - Bataveljić, Danijela
AU  - Andjus, Pavle
PY  - 2022
UR  - http://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5511
AB  - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by death of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brain. Non-neuronal cells particularly of glial origin play an essential role in disease onset and progression. The aim of our study was to examine functional properties of two glial species of the spinal cord, oligodendrocytes and microglia in the ALS SOD1G93A rat with a particular focus on the expression and functional significance of the inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir4.1 that is abundantly expressed in these glial cells. 
We demonstrate that the expression of Kir4.1 is markedly diminished in oligodendrocytes of the SOD1G93A rat. Moreover, our data show an elevated number of dysmorphic oligodendrocytes, indicative of a degenerative phenotype. To assess physiological properties of oligodendrocytes, we prepared cell cultures from the rat spinal cord. The cells isolated from the SOD1G93A spinal cord displayed similar processes ramification as the control, but expressed a lower level of Kir4.1. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings revealed compromised membrane biophysical properties and diminished inward currents in ALS oligodendrocytes, while the Ba2+-sensitive Kir current was decreased in ALS oligodendrocytes [1]. 
The microglia in the ALS rat spinal chords shows remarkable clustering in ventral horns, already starting in presymptomatic animals. Colocalization of Kir4.1 and microglial Iba1 staining was 2-3 times more abudant in presymptomatic as well as in symptomatic animals compared to individual cells. The morphology of micorglia also changes in ALS where the number and length of processes dicreases almost the same in pre- and symptomatic animals. It was also shown that these clusters bare a higher accumulation and colocalization with Kir4.1 and Iba1 of mutated SOD1 compared to individual cells. Similarly, the transmembrane marker of microglial fagocitosis, CD68 was also augmented in these clusters. 
The spinal chord micorglial cells were cultured and explored with patch-clamp electrophysiology by using an innovative movable microscope stage [2] to facilitate the gigaseal formation of the cell membrane and patch pipette. These measurements demonstrated a decrease of Kir Ba2+-sensitive currents.
Altogether, our findings provide the evidence of impaired Kir4.1 expression and function in SOD1G93A spinal cord oligodendrocytes and microglia with this channel’s particular abundance in clusters typical of ALS pathology and its progression.
REFERENCES
[1]	M.Peric, L. Nikolic L, et al. Eur J Neurosci. 54 (2021), 6339-6354.
[2]	M.Peric, D. Bataveljić et al. Microsc Res Tech. (2022) , DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24066
PB  - Belgrade: Institute of Physics
C3  - Book of Abstracts: 15th Photonics Workshop: Conference; 2022 Mar 13-16; Kopaonik, Serbia
T1  - Imaging the molecular markers of neurodegeneration in the ALS rat oligodendrocytes and microglia
SP  - 35
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_5511
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Perić, Mina and Nikolić, Ljiljana and Bataveljić, Danijela and Andjus, Pavle",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by death of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brain. Non-neuronal cells particularly of glial origin play an essential role in disease onset and progression. The aim of our study was to examine functional properties of two glial species of the spinal cord, oligodendrocytes and microglia in the ALS SOD1G93A rat with a particular focus on the expression and functional significance of the inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir4.1 that is abundantly expressed in these glial cells. 
We demonstrate that the expression of Kir4.1 is markedly diminished in oligodendrocytes of the SOD1G93A rat. Moreover, our data show an elevated number of dysmorphic oligodendrocytes, indicative of a degenerative phenotype. To assess physiological properties of oligodendrocytes, we prepared cell cultures from the rat spinal cord. The cells isolated from the SOD1G93A spinal cord displayed similar processes ramification as the control, but expressed a lower level of Kir4.1. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings revealed compromised membrane biophysical properties and diminished inward currents in ALS oligodendrocytes, while the Ba2+-sensitive Kir current was decreased in ALS oligodendrocytes [1]. 
The microglia in the ALS rat spinal chords shows remarkable clustering in ventral horns, already starting in presymptomatic animals. Colocalization of Kir4.1 and microglial Iba1 staining was 2-3 times more abudant in presymptomatic as well as in symptomatic animals compared to individual cells. The morphology of micorglia also changes in ALS where the number and length of processes dicreases almost the same in pre- and symptomatic animals. It was also shown that these clusters bare a higher accumulation and colocalization with Kir4.1 and Iba1 of mutated SOD1 compared to individual cells. Similarly, the transmembrane marker of microglial fagocitosis, CD68 was also augmented in these clusters. 
The spinal chord micorglial cells were cultured and explored with patch-clamp electrophysiology by using an innovative movable microscope stage [2] to facilitate the gigaseal formation of the cell membrane and patch pipette. These measurements demonstrated a decrease of Kir Ba2+-sensitive currents.
Altogether, our findings provide the evidence of impaired Kir4.1 expression and function in SOD1G93A spinal cord oligodendrocytes and microglia with this channel’s particular abundance in clusters typical of ALS pathology and its progression.
REFERENCES
[1]	M.Peric, L. Nikolic L, et al. Eur J Neurosci. 54 (2021), 6339-6354.
[2]	M.Peric, D. Bataveljić et al. Microsc Res Tech. (2022) , DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24066",
publisher = "Belgrade: Institute of Physics",
journal = "Book of Abstracts: 15th Photonics Workshop: Conference; 2022 Mar 13-16; Kopaonik, Serbia",
title = "Imaging the molecular markers of neurodegeneration in the ALS rat oligodendrocytes and microglia",
pages = "35",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_5511"
}

Perić, M., Nikolić, L., Bataveljić, D.,& Andjus, P.. (2022). Imaging the molecular markers of neurodegeneration in the ALS rat oligodendrocytes and microglia. in Book of Abstracts: 15th Photonics Workshop: Conference; 2022 Mar 13-16; Kopaonik, Serbia
Belgrade: Institute of Physics., 35.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_5511

Perić M, Nikolić L, Bataveljić D, Andjus P. Imaging the molecular markers of neurodegeneration in the ALS rat oligodendrocytes and microglia. in Book of Abstracts: 15th Photonics Workshop: Conference; 2022 Mar 13-16; Kopaonik, Serbia. 2022;:35.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_5511 .

Perić, Mina, Nikolić, Ljiljana, Bataveljić, Danijela, Andjus, Pavle, "Imaging the molecular markers of neurodegeneration in the ALS rat oligodendrocytes and microglia" in Book of Abstracts: 15th Photonics Workshop: Conference; 2022 Mar 13-16; Kopaonik, Serbia (2022):35,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_5511 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Perić, Mina
AU  - Nikolić, Ljiljana
AU  - Anđus, Pavle R.
AU  - Bataveljić, Danijela
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ejn.15451
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4486
AB  - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by the death of motor neurons in the spinal cord and the brain. Although this disease is characterized by motoneuron degeneration, non-neuronal cells such as oligodendrocytes play an important role in the disease onset and progression. The aim of our study was to examine functional properties of oligodendrocytes in the SOD1G93A rat model of ALS with a particular focus on the inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir4.1 that is abundantly expressed in these glial cells and plays a role in the regulation of extracellular K+ . First, we demonstrate that the expression of Kir4.1 is diminished in the spinal cord oligodendrocytes of the SOD1G93A rat. Moreover, our data show an elevated number of dysmorphic oligodendrocytes in the ALS spinal cord that is indicative of a degenerative phenotype. In order to assess physiological properties of oligodendrocytes, we prepared cell cultures from the rat spinal cord. Oligodendrocytes isolated from the SOD1G93A spinal cord display similar ramification of the processes as the control but express a lower level of Kir4.1. We further demonstrate an impairment of oligodendrocyte functional properties in ALS. Remarkably, whole-cell patch-clamp recordings revealed compromised membrane biophysical properties and diminished inward currents in the SOD1G93A oligodendrocytes. In addition, the Ba2+ -sensitive Kir currents were decreased in ALS oligodendrocytes. Altogether, our findings provide the evidence of impaired Kir4.1 expression and function in oligodendrocytes of the SOD1G93A spinal cord, suggesting oligodendrocyte Kir4.1 channel as a potential contributor to the ALS pathophysiology.
PB  - Hoboken: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
T2  - European Journal of Neuroscience
T1  - Dysfunction of oligodendrocyte inwardly rectifying potassium channel in a rat model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
IS  - 7
VL  - 54
DO  - 10.1111/ejn.15451
SP  - 6339
EP  - 6354
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Perić, Mina and Nikolić, Ljiljana and Anđus, Pavle R. and Bataveljić, Danijela",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by the death of motor neurons in the spinal cord and the brain. Although this disease is characterized by motoneuron degeneration, non-neuronal cells such as oligodendrocytes play an important role in the disease onset and progression. The aim of our study was to examine functional properties of oligodendrocytes in the SOD1G93A rat model of ALS with a particular focus on the inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir4.1 that is abundantly expressed in these glial cells and plays a role in the regulation of extracellular K+ . First, we demonstrate that the expression of Kir4.1 is diminished in the spinal cord oligodendrocytes of the SOD1G93A rat. Moreover, our data show an elevated number of dysmorphic oligodendrocytes in the ALS spinal cord that is indicative of a degenerative phenotype. In order to assess physiological properties of oligodendrocytes, we prepared cell cultures from the rat spinal cord. Oligodendrocytes isolated from the SOD1G93A spinal cord display similar ramification of the processes as the control but express a lower level of Kir4.1. We further demonstrate an impairment of oligodendrocyte functional properties in ALS. Remarkably, whole-cell patch-clamp recordings revealed compromised membrane biophysical properties and diminished inward currents in the SOD1G93A oligodendrocytes. In addition, the Ba2+ -sensitive Kir currents were decreased in ALS oligodendrocytes. Altogether, our findings provide the evidence of impaired Kir4.1 expression and function in oligodendrocytes of the SOD1G93A spinal cord, suggesting oligodendrocyte Kir4.1 channel as a potential contributor to the ALS pathophysiology.",
publisher = "Hoboken: John Wiley and Sons Inc.",
journal = "European Journal of Neuroscience",
title = "Dysfunction of oligodendrocyte inwardly rectifying potassium channel in a rat model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.",
number = "7",
volume = "54",
doi = "10.1111/ejn.15451",
pages = "6339-6354"
}

Perić, M., Nikolić, L., Anđus, P. R.,& Bataveljić, D.. (2021). Dysfunction of oligodendrocyte inwardly rectifying potassium channel in a rat model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.. in European Journal of Neuroscience
Hoboken: John Wiley and Sons Inc.., 54(7), 6339-6354.
https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.15451

Perić M, Nikolić L, Anđus PR, Bataveljić D. Dysfunction of oligodendrocyte inwardly rectifying potassium channel in a rat model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.. in European Journal of Neuroscience. 2021;54(7):6339-6354.
doi:10.1111/ejn.15451 .

Perić, Mina, Nikolić, Ljiljana, Anđus, Pavle R., Bataveljić, Danijela, "Dysfunction of oligodendrocyte inwardly rectifying potassium channel in a rat model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis." in European Journal of Neuroscience, 54, no. 7 (2021):6339-6354,
https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.15451 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Perić, Mina
AU  - Nikolić, Ljiljana
AU  - Anđus, Pavle R.
AU  - Bataveljić, Danijela
PY  - 2020
UR  - http://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5499
AB  - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease affecting lower
and upper motor neurons, leading to muscle atrophy, paralysis and death. Although
ALS is characterized by motoneuron degeneration, non-neuronal cells such as
oligodendrocytes play an essential role in disease onset and progression. The aim
of this study was to investigate functional properties of oligodendrocytes in the ALS
with particular focus on their role in the regulation of extracellular K+ through inwardly
rectifying potassium channel Kir4.1 abundantly expressed in these glial cells. We
employed immunolabeling of Kir4.1, and oligodendrocyte-specific marker CNPase,
to examine the expression of Kir4.1 in oligodendrocytes of the lumbar spinal cord of
SOD1G93A rat model of ALS. Furthermore, whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were
performed on primary oligodendrocyte cultures from ALS and control rats to
investigate functional properties of these cells. Our data show reduced expression
of Kir4.1 in the oligodendrocytes in the lumbar spinal cord of SOD1G93A rat compared
to control. Moreover, we found elevated number of dysmorphic oligodendrocytes in
the ALS spinal cord, indicative of a degenerative phenotype. Oligodendrocytes
isolated from SOD1G93A spinal cord display similar processes ramification as the
control, however expressing a lower level of Kir4.1. Electrophysiological examination
of cultured SOD1G93A oligodendrocytes revealed compromised membrane
properties and diminished inward currents in comparison to control. In addition, the
Ba2+-sensitive Kir current is decreased in ALS oligodendrocytes. Altogether, our
findings provide the evidence of impaired Kir4.1 expression and function in
SOD1G93A spinal cord oligodendrocytes suggesting a critical role of oligodendrocyte
Kir4.1 channel in ALS pathophysiology.
PB  - Querétaro, México: Instituto de neurobiologia
C3  - Proceedings: 3rd Symposium on Physiology and pathology of neuroglia; 2020 Noc 24-25; Virtual
T1  - Dysfunction of oligodendrocyte inwardly rectifying potassium channel in a rat model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
SP  - 75
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_5499
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Perić, Mina and Nikolić, Ljiljana and Anđus, Pavle R. and Bataveljić, Danijela",
year = "2020",
abstract = "Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease affecting lower
and upper motor neurons, leading to muscle atrophy, paralysis and death. Although
ALS is characterized by motoneuron degeneration, non-neuronal cells such as
oligodendrocytes play an essential role in disease onset and progression. The aim
of this study was to investigate functional properties of oligodendrocytes in the ALS
with particular focus on their role in the regulation of extracellular K+ through inwardly
rectifying potassium channel Kir4.1 abundantly expressed in these glial cells. We
employed immunolabeling of Kir4.1, and oligodendrocyte-specific marker CNPase,
to examine the expression of Kir4.1 in oligodendrocytes of the lumbar spinal cord of
SOD1G93A rat model of ALS. Furthermore, whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were
performed on primary oligodendrocyte cultures from ALS and control rats to
investigate functional properties of these cells. Our data show reduced expression
of Kir4.1 in the oligodendrocytes in the lumbar spinal cord of SOD1G93A rat compared
to control. Moreover, we found elevated number of dysmorphic oligodendrocytes in
the ALS spinal cord, indicative of a degenerative phenotype. Oligodendrocytes
isolated from SOD1G93A spinal cord display similar processes ramification as the
control, however expressing a lower level of Kir4.1. Electrophysiological examination
of cultured SOD1G93A oligodendrocytes revealed compromised membrane
properties and diminished inward currents in comparison to control. In addition, the
Ba2+-sensitive Kir current is decreased in ALS oligodendrocytes. Altogether, our
findings provide the evidence of impaired Kir4.1 expression and function in
SOD1G93A spinal cord oligodendrocytes suggesting a critical role of oligodendrocyte
Kir4.1 channel in ALS pathophysiology.",
publisher = "Querétaro, México: Instituto de neurobiologia",
journal = "Proceedings: 3rd Symposium on Physiology and pathology of neuroglia; 2020 Noc 24-25; Virtual",
title = "Dysfunction of oligodendrocyte inwardly rectifying potassium channel in a rat model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis",
pages = "75",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_5499"
}

Perić, M., Nikolić, L., Anđus, P. R.,& Bataveljić, D.. (2020). Dysfunction of oligodendrocyte inwardly rectifying potassium channel in a rat model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. in Proceedings: 3rd Symposium on Physiology and pathology of neuroglia; 2020 Noc 24-25; Virtual
Querétaro, México: Instituto de neurobiologia., 75.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_5499

Perić M, Nikolić L, Anđus PR, Bataveljić D. Dysfunction of oligodendrocyte inwardly rectifying potassium channel in a rat model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. in Proceedings: 3rd Symposium on Physiology and pathology of neuroglia; 2020 Noc 24-25; Virtual. 2020;:75.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_5499 .

Perić, Mina, Nikolić, Ljiljana, Anđus, Pavle R., Bataveljić, Danijela, "Dysfunction of oligodendrocyte inwardly rectifying potassium channel in a rat model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis" in Proceedings: 3rd Symposium on Physiology and pathology of neuroglia; 2020 Noc 24-25; Virtual (2020):75,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_5499 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bataveljić, Danijela B.
AU  - Petrovic, Jelena
AU  - Lazic, Katarina
AU  - Šaponjić, Jasna
AU  - Andjus, Pavle
PY  - 2015
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2016
AB  - Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves selective loss of basal forebrain
   cholinergic neurons, particularly in the nucleus basalis (NB).
   Similarly, Parkinson's disease (PD) might involve the selective loss of
   pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPT) cholinergic neurons. Therefore,
   lesions of these functionally distinct cholinergic centers in rats might
   serve as models of AD and PD cholinergic neuropathologies. Our previous
   articles described dissimilar sleep/wake-state disorders in rat models
   of AD and PD cholinergic neuropathologies. This study further examines
   astroglial and microglial responses as underlying pathologies in these
   distinct sleep disorders. Unilateral lesions of the NB or the PPT were
   induced with rats under ketamine/diazepam anesthesia (50 mg/kg i.p.) by
   using stereotaxically guided microinfusion of the excitotoxin ibotenic
   acid (IBO). Twenty-one days after the lesion, loss of cholinergic
   neurons was quantified by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
   phosphate-diaphorase histochemistry, and the astroglial and microglial
   responses were quantified by glia fibrillary acidic protein/OX42
   immunohistochemistry. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the
   anatomofunctionally related astroglial response following unilateral
   excitotoxic PPT cholinergic neuronal lesion. Whereas IBO NB and PPT
   lesions similarly enhanced local astroglial and microglial responses,
   astrogliosis in the PPT was followed by a remote astrogliosis within the
   ipslilateral NB. Conversely, there was no microglial response within the
   NB after PPT lesions. Our results reveal the rostrorostral PPT-NB
   astrogliosis after denervation of cholinergic neurons in the PPT. This
   hierarchically and anatomofunctionally guided PPT-NB astrogliosis
   emerged following cholinergic neuronal loss greater than 17\% throughout
   the overall rostrocaudal PPT dimension. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
T2  - Journal of Neuroscience Research
T1  - Glial Response in the Rat Models of Functionally Distinct Cholinergic
 Neuronal Denervations
IS  - 2
VL  - 93
DO  - 10.1002/jnr.23483
SP  - 244
EP  - 252
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Bataveljić, Danijela B. and Petrovic, Jelena and Lazic, Katarina and Šaponjić, Jasna and Andjus, Pavle",
year = "2015",
abstract = "Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves selective loss of basal forebrain
   cholinergic neurons, particularly in the nucleus basalis (NB).
   Similarly, Parkinson's disease (PD) might involve the selective loss of
   pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPT) cholinergic neurons. Therefore,
   lesions of these functionally distinct cholinergic centers in rats might
   serve as models of AD and PD cholinergic neuropathologies. Our previous
   articles described dissimilar sleep/wake-state disorders in rat models
   of AD and PD cholinergic neuropathologies. This study further examines
   astroglial and microglial responses as underlying pathologies in these
   distinct sleep disorders. Unilateral lesions of the NB or the PPT were
   induced with rats under ketamine/diazepam anesthesia (50 mg/kg i.p.) by
   using stereotaxically guided microinfusion of the excitotoxin ibotenic
   acid (IBO). Twenty-one days after the lesion, loss of cholinergic
   neurons was quantified by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
   phosphate-diaphorase histochemistry, and the astroglial and microglial
   responses were quantified by glia fibrillary acidic protein/OX42
   immunohistochemistry. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the
   anatomofunctionally related astroglial response following unilateral
   excitotoxic PPT cholinergic neuronal lesion. Whereas IBO NB and PPT
   lesions similarly enhanced local astroglial and microglial responses,
   astrogliosis in the PPT was followed by a remote astrogliosis within the
   ipslilateral NB. Conversely, there was no microglial response within the
   NB after PPT lesions. Our results reveal the rostrorostral PPT-NB
   astrogliosis after denervation of cholinergic neurons in the PPT. This
   hierarchically and anatomofunctionally guided PPT-NB astrogliosis
   emerged following cholinergic neuronal loss greater than 17\% throughout
   the overall rostrocaudal PPT dimension. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.",
journal = "Journal of Neuroscience Research",
title = "Glial Response in the Rat Models of Functionally Distinct Cholinergic
 Neuronal Denervations",
number = "2",
volume = "93",
doi = "10.1002/jnr.23483",
pages = "244-252"
}

Bataveljić, D. B., Petrovic, J., Lazic, K., Šaponjić, J.,& Andjus, P.. (2015). Glial Response in the Rat Models of Functionally Distinct Cholinergic
 Neuronal Denervations. in Journal of Neuroscience Research, 93(2), 244-252.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.23483

Bataveljić DB, Petrovic J, Lazic K, Šaponjić J, Andjus P. Glial Response in the Rat Models of Functionally Distinct Cholinergic
 Neuronal Denervations. in Journal of Neuroscience Research. 2015;93(2):244-252.
doi:10.1002/jnr.23483 .

Bataveljić, Danijela B., Petrovic, Jelena, Lazic, Katarina, Šaponjić, Jasna, Andjus, Pavle, "Glial Response in the Rat Models of Functionally Distinct Cholinergic
 Neuronal Denervations" in Journal of Neuroscience Research, 93, no. 2 (2015):244-252,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.23483 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Nikolić, Ljiljana
AU  - Bataveljić, Danijela
AU  - Moldovan, Ivana
AU  - Balind, Snežana
AU  - Todorović, Dajana
AU  - Nedeljković, Miodrag
AU  - Petković, Branka
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4028
AB  - Hibernation is a physiological state that enables certain animal species to survive severe
environmental conditions during the cold periods. In hibernation state the brain activity
is maintained at a very low, but functionally responsive level, indicating that neurons
and glial cells undergo certain physiological modifications. These modifications should
be characterized as a neuroprotective, since the brain of hibernated animals endures extreme
physiological conditions without any damage. In the present study we examined
the electrophysiological responses of neurons and glial cells all acutely isolated from
active and hibernating land snail Helix pomatia by the patch-clamp technique. Hibernating
state lasted six months. Data obtained revealed that the steady-state outward neuronal
current density was significantly lower in hibernation. In addition, the fast Na+
inward current density was significantly reduced in the population of isolated hibernated
neurons, indicating that neuronal activity is suppressed in hibernation. The lower neuronal
activity was supported by the suppressed electrophysiological response of glial
cells. Thus, hibernated glia had significantly lower specific membrane conductance and
reduced inward current density compared to active glia. Particularly important was the
modification of the glial inwardly rectifuing potassium (Kir) channel activity, essential
for the coupling of the function of glial cells with neuronal activity. Thus, in the presence
of BaCl2, Ba2+-sensitive current density mediated by the glial Kir channels was significantly
lower in hibernation. Altogether, our data indicate that overall suppression of
neuronal and glial activity is important natural neuroprotective strategy necessary.
PB  - Belgrade: Serbian Physiological Society
C3  - 3rd Congress of Physiological Sciences of Serbia With International Participation
T1  - Modified Electrophysiological Responses of Neurons and Glial Cells Acutely Isolated From The Hibernating Land Snail
SP  - 149
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_4028
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Nikolić, Ljiljana and Bataveljić, Danijela and Moldovan, Ivana and Balind, Snežana and Todorović, Dajana and Nedeljković, Miodrag and Petković, Branka",
year = "2014",
abstract = "Hibernation is a physiological state that enables certain animal species to survive severe
environmental conditions during the cold periods. In hibernation state the brain activity
is maintained at a very low, but functionally responsive level, indicating that neurons
and glial cells undergo certain physiological modifications. These modifications should
be characterized as a neuroprotective, since the brain of hibernated animals endures extreme
physiological conditions without any damage. In the present study we examined
the electrophysiological responses of neurons and glial cells all acutely isolated from
active and hibernating land snail Helix pomatia by the patch-clamp technique. Hibernating
state lasted six months. Data obtained revealed that the steady-state outward neuronal
current density was significantly lower in hibernation. In addition, the fast Na+
inward current density was significantly reduced in the population of isolated hibernated
neurons, indicating that neuronal activity is suppressed in hibernation. The lower neuronal
activity was supported by the suppressed electrophysiological response of glial
cells. Thus, hibernated glia had significantly lower specific membrane conductance and
reduced inward current density compared to active glia. Particularly important was the
modification of the glial inwardly rectifuing potassium (Kir) channel activity, essential
for the coupling of the function of glial cells with neuronal activity. Thus, in the presence
of BaCl2, Ba2+-sensitive current density mediated by the glial Kir channels was significantly
lower in hibernation. Altogether, our data indicate that overall suppression of
neuronal and glial activity is important natural neuroprotective strategy necessary.",
publisher = "Belgrade: Serbian Physiological Society",
journal = "3rd Congress of Physiological Sciences of Serbia With International Participation",
title = "Modified Electrophysiological Responses of Neurons and Glial Cells Acutely Isolated From The Hibernating Land Snail",
pages = "149",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_4028"
}

Nikolić, L., Bataveljić, D., Moldovan, I., Balind, S., Todorović, D., Nedeljković, M.,& Petković, B.. (2014). Modified Electrophysiological Responses of Neurons and Glial Cells Acutely Isolated From The Hibernating Land Snail. in 3rd Congress of Physiological Sciences of Serbia With International Participation
Belgrade: Serbian Physiological Society., 149.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_4028

Nikolić L, Bataveljić D, Moldovan I, Balind S, Todorović D, Nedeljković M, Petković B. Modified Electrophysiological Responses of Neurons and Glial Cells Acutely Isolated From The Hibernating Land Snail. in 3rd Congress of Physiological Sciences of Serbia With International Participation. 2014;:149.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_4028 .

Nikolić, Ljiljana, Bataveljić, Danijela, Moldovan, Ivana, Balind, Snežana, Todorović, Dajana, Nedeljković, Miodrag, Petković, Branka, "Modified Electrophysiological Responses of Neurons and Glial Cells Acutely Isolated From The Hibernating Land Snail" in 3rd Congress of Physiological Sciences of Serbia With International Participation (2014):149,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_4028 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nikolić, Ljiljana
AU  - Bataveljić, Danijela B.
AU  - Anđus, Pavle R.
AU  - Moldovan, Ivana
AU  - Nedeljković, Miodrag
AU  - Petković, Branka
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2112
UR  - https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0748730414559126
AB  - Hibernation is a dormant state of some animal species that enables them
   to survive harsh environmental conditions during the winter seasons. In
   the hibernating state, preservation of neuronal rhythmic activity at a
   low level is necessary for maintenance of suspended forms of behavior.
   As glial cells support rhythmic activity of neurons, preservation of
   brain function in the hibernating state implies accompanying
   modification of glial activity. A supportive role of glia in regulating
   neuronal activity is reflected through the activity of inwardly
   rectifying K+ channels (Kir). Therefore, we examined
   electrophysiological response, particularly Kir current response, of
   glial cells in mixture with neurons acutely isolated from active and
   hibernating land snail Helix pomatia. Our data show that hibernated glia
   have significantly lower inward current density, specific membrane
   conductance, and conductance density compared with active glia. The
   observed reduction could be attributed to the Kir currents, since the
   Ba2+-sensitive Kir current density was significantly lower in hibernated
   glia. Accordingly, a significant positive shift of the current reversal
   potential indicated a more depolarized state of hibernated glia. Data
   obtained show that modification of glial current response could be
   regulated by serotonin (5-HT) through an increase of cGMP as a secondary
   messenger, since extracellular addition of 5-HT or intracellular
   administration of cGMP to active glia induced a significant reduction of
   inward current density and thus mimicked the reduced response of
   hibernated glia. Lower Kir current density of hibernated glia
   accompanied the lower electrical activity of hibernated neurons, as
   revealed by a decrease in neuronal fast inward Na+ current density. Our
   findings reveal that glial response is reduced in the hibernating state
   and suggest seasonal modulation of glial activity. Maintenance of low
   glial activity in hibernation could be important for preservation of
   brain rhythmic activity and survival of the animal.
PB  - Sage Publications Inc.
T2  - Journal of Biological Rhythms
T1  - Modification of Glial Response in Hibernation: A Patch-Clamp Study on
 Glial Cells Acutely Isolated from Hibernating Land Snail
IS  - 6
VL  - 29
DO  - 10.1177/0748730414559126
SP  - 442
EP  - 455
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Nikolić, Ljiljana and Bataveljić, Danijela B. and Anđus, Pavle R. and Moldovan, Ivana and Nedeljković, Miodrag and Petković, Branka",
year = "2014",
abstract = "Hibernation is a dormant state of some animal species that enables them
   to survive harsh environmental conditions during the winter seasons. In
   the hibernating state, preservation of neuronal rhythmic activity at a
   low level is necessary for maintenance of suspended forms of behavior.
   As glial cells support rhythmic activity of neurons, preservation of
   brain function in the hibernating state implies accompanying
   modification of glial activity. A supportive role of glia in regulating
   neuronal activity is reflected through the activity of inwardly
   rectifying K+ channels (Kir). Therefore, we examined
   electrophysiological response, particularly Kir current response, of
   glial cells in mixture with neurons acutely isolated from active and
   hibernating land snail Helix pomatia. Our data show that hibernated glia
   have significantly lower inward current density, specific membrane
   conductance, and conductance density compared with active glia. The
   observed reduction could be attributed to the Kir currents, since the
   Ba2+-sensitive Kir current density was significantly lower in hibernated
   glia. Accordingly, a significant positive shift of the current reversal
   potential indicated a more depolarized state of hibernated glia. Data
   obtained show that modification of glial current response could be
   regulated by serotonin (5-HT) through an increase of cGMP as a secondary
   messenger, since extracellular addition of 5-HT or intracellular
   administration of cGMP to active glia induced a significant reduction of
   inward current density and thus mimicked the reduced response of
   hibernated glia. Lower Kir current density of hibernated glia
   accompanied the lower electrical activity of hibernated neurons, as
   revealed by a decrease in neuronal fast inward Na+ current density. Our
   findings reveal that glial response is reduced in the hibernating state
   and suggest seasonal modulation of glial activity. Maintenance of low
   glial activity in hibernation could be important for preservation of
   brain rhythmic activity and survival of the animal.",
publisher = "Sage Publications Inc.",
journal = "Journal of Biological Rhythms",
title = "Modification of Glial Response in Hibernation: A Patch-Clamp Study on
 Glial Cells Acutely Isolated from Hibernating Land Snail",
number = "6",
volume = "29",
doi = "10.1177/0748730414559126",
pages = "442-455"
}

Nikolić, L., Bataveljić, D. B., Anđus, P. R., Moldovan, I., Nedeljković, M.,& Petković, B.. (2014). Modification of Glial Response in Hibernation: A Patch-Clamp Study on
 Glial Cells Acutely Isolated from Hibernating Land Snail. in Journal of Biological Rhythms
Sage Publications Inc.., 29(6), 442-455.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0748730414559126

Nikolić L, Bataveljić DB, Anđus PR, Moldovan I, Nedeljković M, Petković B. Modification of Glial Response in Hibernation: A Patch-Clamp Study on
 Glial Cells Acutely Isolated from Hibernating Land Snail. in Journal of Biological Rhythms. 2014;29(6):442-455.
doi:10.1177/0748730414559126 .

Nikolić, Ljiljana, Bataveljić, Danijela B., Anđus, Pavle R., Moldovan, Ivana, Nedeljković, Miodrag, Petković, Branka, "Modification of Glial Response in Hibernation: A Patch-Clamp Study on
 Glial Cells Acutely Isolated from Hibernating Land Snail" in Journal of Biological Rhythms, 29, no. 6 (2014):442-455,
https://doi.org/10.1177/0748730414559126 . .