@article{
author = "Kaluderovic, Milena R. and Mojić, Marija and Schreckenbach, Joachim P. and Maksimović-Ivanić, Danijela and Graf, Hans-Ludwig and Mijatović, Sanja",
year = "2014",
abstract = "Autophagy plays an important role in embryogenesis, for the maintenance
of tissue homeostasis and the elimination of damaged subcellular
structures. Furthermore, autophagy could be a mode of physiological cell
death and also be implicated in cell differentiation. Thus, we
hypothesized that autophagy may have an impact on the differentiation of
osteoblast cells influenced by various titanium-based surfaces.
Interactions between smooth, commercially available pure titanium (Ti
cp), rough Ticer, acid-etched Ti cp (SS) and M1-M3 (comprised of the
monoclinic phase of sodium-titanium oxides and rutile; M2 contains
amorphous calcium phosphates) and human osteoblast cells were
investigated. Immunofluorescent staining was used for detecting
autophagy, cell cluster formation and collagen type I (Col-1)
expression. Flow cytometry was employed to identify autophagy, the
production of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) and the size and granularity
of the cells. Rough surfaces caused osteoblast differentiation via the
autophagic-dependent PI3/Akt signalling pathway. These surfaces induced
the formation of discrete populations of large, granular cells, i.e.
mature osteoblasts. In addition, M1-M3 provoked the development of a
third population of small, granular cells, responsible for cell cluster
formation, which are important for the formation of bone noduli and
mineralisation. The same surfaces induced faster osteoblast maturation
and enhanced NO production, a hallmark of the already mentioned
processes. Neither the mature osteoblasts nor the small cells appeared
after the inhibition of autophagy. Inhibition of autophagy also
prevented cell cluster formation. We demonstrate that autophagy plays an
essential role in the osteoblast differentiation on titanium-based
surfaces with rough topography. (C) 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel",
journal = "Cells Tissues Organs",
title = "A Key Role of Autophagy in Osteoblast Differentiation on Titanium-Based
Dental Implants",
number = "3-4",
volume = "200",
doi = "10.1159/000434625",
pages = "265-277"
}