Saljnikov, Elmira

Link to this page

Authority KeyName Variants
f33487ea-f982-4e11-b952-81b6a9fa8e10
  • Saljnikov, Elmira (9)
Projects

Author's Bibliography

Tuber balcanicum – new taxon defined by molecular, ecological and biogeographical methods

Marjanović, Žaklina; Glišić, Aleksa; Stefanović, Slobodan; Glamočlija, Jasmina; Janošević, Dušica; Saljnikov, Elmira; Leonardi, Marco; Paccioni, Giovanni; Iotti, Mirco

(Belgrade: Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, 2023)

TY  - GEN
AU  - Marjanović, Žaklina
AU  - Glišić, Aleksa
AU  - Stefanović, Slobodan
AU  - Glamočlija, Jasmina
AU  - Janošević, Dušica
AU  - Saljnikov, Elmira
AU  - Leonardi, Marco
AU  - Paccioni, Giovanni
AU  - Iotti, Mirco
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6203
AB  - Truffle diversity of Balkan Peninsula does not stop to surprise the
scientific community with three new species from the melanosporum clade
described in last year's (Mereny et al 2017, Milenković at al 2015, Slavova et al
2023). Out of large set of ITS sequences, Mereny at al. (2017) described T.
cryptobrumale as connected to Pannonian region, but two other genetically quite
distinctive populations were not distinguished as species. In this contribution, we
have analyzed larger set of sequences and their habitats and detected strong
connection between specimens with specific ITS/LSU region variants to
ecologically specific habitats of Balkan peninsula. Soils and vegetation where
these specimens have been detected rather resemble descriptions of T.
melanosporum sites in Italy, while habitats of T. cryptobrumale resemble those of
T. magnatum. Additionally, we have detected numerous populations of T.
melanosporum in the coastal regions of Croatia, while this species has never been
officially detected eastern from Dinaric alps in Balkan peninsula. We hypothesize
that T. melanosporum could never overcome low temperatures of high and long
Dinaric massive and is therefore localized in the western Mediterranean regions.
This could be the reason why the melanosporum clade has been highly
diversifying in Balkan regions. Moreover, the genetic variant widely distributed
all over Europe and described as “T. brumale” has never been detected in the
Balkans. Therefore, we propose that ecologically and genetically specific taxon
that is widespread only in Balkan peninsula (and to some extent northwards)
should be recognized as a different species - Tuber balkanicum.
PB  - Belgrade: Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade
T2  - Book of abstracts: Truffle Research Union of Europe; 2023 Sep 27-30, Belgrade, Serbia
T1  - Tuber balcanicum – new taxon defined by molecular, ecological and biogeographical methods
SP  - 19
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_6203
ER  - 
@misc{
author = "Marjanović, Žaklina and Glišić, Aleksa and Stefanović, Slobodan and Glamočlija, Jasmina and Janošević, Dušica and Saljnikov, Elmira and Leonardi, Marco and Paccioni, Giovanni and Iotti, Mirco",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Truffle diversity of Balkan Peninsula does not stop to surprise the
scientific community with three new species from the melanosporum clade
described in last year's (Mereny et al 2017, Milenković at al 2015, Slavova et al
2023). Out of large set of ITS sequences, Mereny at al. (2017) described T.
cryptobrumale as connected to Pannonian region, but two other genetically quite
distinctive populations were not distinguished as species. In this contribution, we
have analyzed larger set of sequences and their habitats and detected strong
connection between specimens with specific ITS/LSU region variants to
ecologically specific habitats of Balkan peninsula. Soils and vegetation where
these specimens have been detected rather resemble descriptions of T.
melanosporum sites in Italy, while habitats of T. cryptobrumale resemble those of
T. magnatum. Additionally, we have detected numerous populations of T.
melanosporum in the coastal regions of Croatia, while this species has never been
officially detected eastern from Dinaric alps in Balkan peninsula. We hypothesize
that T. melanosporum could never overcome low temperatures of high and long
Dinaric massive and is therefore localized in the western Mediterranean regions.
This could be the reason why the melanosporum clade has been highly
diversifying in Balkan regions. Moreover, the genetic variant widely distributed
all over Europe and described as “T. brumale” has never been detected in the
Balkans. Therefore, we propose that ecologically and genetically specific taxon
that is widespread only in Balkan peninsula (and to some extent northwards)
should be recognized as a different species - Tuber balkanicum.",
publisher = "Belgrade: Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade",
journal = "Book of abstracts: Truffle Research Union of Europe; 2023 Sep 27-30, Belgrade, Serbia",
title = "Tuber balcanicum – new taxon defined by molecular, ecological and biogeographical methods",
pages = "19",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_6203"
}
Marjanović, Ž., Glišić, A., Stefanović, S., Glamočlija, J., Janošević, D., Saljnikov, E., Leonardi, M., Paccioni, G.,& Iotti, M.. (2023). Tuber balcanicum – new taxon defined by molecular, ecological and biogeographical methods. in Book of abstracts: Truffle Research Union of Europe; 2023 Sep 27-30, Belgrade, Serbia
Belgrade: Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade., 19.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_6203
Marjanović Ž, Glišić A, Stefanović S, Glamočlija J, Janošević D, Saljnikov E, Leonardi M, Paccioni G, Iotti M. Tuber balcanicum – new taxon defined by molecular, ecological and biogeographical methods. in Book of abstracts: Truffle Research Union of Europe; 2023 Sep 27-30, Belgrade, Serbia. 2023;:19.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_6203 .
Marjanović, Žaklina, Glišić, Aleksa, Stefanović, Slobodan, Glamočlija, Jasmina, Janošević, Dušica, Saljnikov, Elmira, Leonardi, Marco, Paccioni, Giovanni, Iotti, Mirco, "Tuber balcanicum – new taxon defined by molecular, ecological and biogeographical methods" in Book of abstracts: Truffle Research Union of Europe; 2023 Sep 27-30, Belgrade, Serbia (2023):19,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_6203 .

Using different receptor models to determine the sources of available forms of potentially toxic elements in Rasina District – A case study

Čakmak, Dragan; Pavlović, Pavle; Mrvić, Vesna; Saljnikov, Elmira; Perović, Veljko; Jaramaz, Darko; Sikirić, Biljana

(Elsevier B.V., 2023)

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Čakmak, Dragan
AU  - Pavlović, Pavle
AU  - Mrvić, Vesna
AU  - Saljnikov, Elmira
AU  - Perović, Veljko
AU  - Jaramaz, Darko
AU  - Sikirić, Biljana
PY  - 2023
UR  - https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0341816222008517
UR  - http://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5356
AB  - Determining the sources of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soil is one of the basic postulates for dealing with them properly in the future. In addition to total PTEs, it is extremely important to identify sources of available PTEs, for two reasons: 1. to determine their actual impact on the ecosystem, and 2. to establish whether sufficient levels are present in soil if they are necessary for plant development. In this study, two receptor models were used to determine sources of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable PTEs in soil in Rasina District, Serbia in 2017: Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF). Appropriate PCA was used for total forms and the accuracy of the models in determining sources was tested by comparing them. Based on the results, obtained in quite a complex geological environment, the universality and superiority of the PMF model in so-called diffusion systems, which are more prone to change, was confirmed. The PMF model took geological and anthropogenic sources, characteristic of PCA of total PTEs, into account in equal measure, as well as pedological sources, which are more characteristic of PCA of DTPA-PTEs. The accuracy of the model was also confirmed by the greater number of factors, i.e. 5 in the PMF model compared to 3 in PCA. Based on the obtained results, it is clear that the use of the PMF model is justified when determining sources of individual available PTEs in soil.
PB  - Elsevier B.V.
T2  - CATENA
T1  - Using different receptor models to determine the sources of available forms of potentially toxic elements in Rasina District – A case study
VL  - 222
DO  - 10.1016/j.catena.2022.106865
SP  - 106865
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Čakmak, Dragan and Pavlović, Pavle and Mrvić, Vesna and Saljnikov, Elmira and Perović, Veljko and Jaramaz, Darko and Sikirić, Biljana",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Determining the sources of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soil is one of the basic postulates for dealing with them properly in the future. In addition to total PTEs, it is extremely important to identify sources of available PTEs, for two reasons: 1. to determine their actual impact on the ecosystem, and 2. to establish whether sufficient levels are present in soil if they are necessary for plant development. In this study, two receptor models were used to determine sources of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable PTEs in soil in Rasina District, Serbia in 2017: Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF). Appropriate PCA was used for total forms and the accuracy of the models in determining sources was tested by comparing them. Based on the results, obtained in quite a complex geological environment, the universality and superiority of the PMF model in so-called diffusion systems, which are more prone to change, was confirmed. The PMF model took geological and anthropogenic sources, characteristic of PCA of total PTEs, into account in equal measure, as well as pedological sources, which are more characteristic of PCA of DTPA-PTEs. The accuracy of the model was also confirmed by the greater number of factors, i.e. 5 in the PMF model compared to 3 in PCA. Based on the obtained results, it is clear that the use of the PMF model is justified when determining sources of individual available PTEs in soil.",
publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",
journal = "CATENA",
title = "Using different receptor models to determine the sources of available forms of potentially toxic elements in Rasina District – A case study",
volume = "222",
doi = "10.1016/j.catena.2022.106865",
pages = "106865"
}
Čakmak, D., Pavlović, P., Mrvić, V., Saljnikov, E., Perović, V., Jaramaz, D.,& Sikirić, B.. (2023). Using different receptor models to determine the sources of available forms of potentially toxic elements in Rasina District – A case study. in CATENA
Elsevier B.V.., 222, 106865.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2022.106865
Čakmak D, Pavlović P, Mrvić V, Saljnikov E, Perović V, Jaramaz D, Sikirić B. Using different receptor models to determine the sources of available forms of potentially toxic elements in Rasina District – A case study. in CATENA. 2023;222:106865.
doi:10.1016/j.catena.2022.106865 .
Čakmak, Dragan, Pavlović, Pavle, Mrvić, Vesna, Saljnikov, Elmira, Perović, Veljko, Jaramaz, Darko, Sikirić, Biljana, "Using different receptor models to determine the sources of available forms of potentially toxic elements in Rasina District – A case study" in CATENA, 222 (2023):106865,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2022.106865 . .
2
2

Changes in Soil Labile Organic Matter as Affected by 50 Years of Fertilization with Increasing Amounts of Nitrogen

Koković, Nikola; Saljnikov, Elmira; Eulenstein, Frank; Čakmak, Dragan; Buntić, Aneta; Sikirić, Biljana; Ugrenović, Vladan

(Basel: MDPI, 2021)

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Koković, Nikola
AU  - Saljnikov, Elmira
AU  - Eulenstein, Frank
AU  - Čakmak, Dragan
AU  - Buntić, Aneta
AU  - Sikirić, Biljana
AU  - Ugrenović, Vladan
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/10/2026
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4632
AB  - Microbially mediated soil organic matter is an extremely sensitive pool that indicates subtle changes in the quality parameters responsible for the soil’s ecological and productive functions. Fifty years of mineral fertilization of a wheat-corn cropping system has a strong impact on soil quality parameters. The goal of the research was to study the dynamics and quality of soil biological parameters affected by increasing amounts of mineral nitrogen. Soil respiration, potentially mineralizable C and N, microbial biomass C and N and light-fraction OM on Cambisol were analyzed in the following treatments: (1) Control (without fertilization); (2) NPK (60/51/67); (3) NPK (90/51/67); (4) NPK (120/51/67); (5) NPK (150/51/67 kg ha−1). The parameters studied were significantly affected by the long-term application of mineral fertilizer compared with both the control and the adjacent native soil. The highest amounts of nitrogen (N150) did not significantly differ from N120 and N90 for most of the parameters studied. Potentially mineralizable C represented the largest labile carbon pool, while microbial biomass N was the largest labile nitrogen pool. The mineralization rates for C and N were oppositely distributed over the seasons. The sensitivity index correlated with the amount of light-fraction OM. The results give a deeper insight into the behavior and distribution of different pools of labile SOM in the agro-landscapes and can serve as a reliable basis for further research focused on zero soil degradation.
PB  - Basel: MDPI
T2  - Agronomy
T1  - Changes in Soil Labile Organic Matter as Affected by 50 Years of Fertilization with Increasing Amounts of Nitrogen
IS  - 10
VL  - 11
DO  - 10.3390/agronomy11102026
SP  - 2026
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Koković, Nikola and Saljnikov, Elmira and Eulenstein, Frank and Čakmak, Dragan and Buntić, Aneta and Sikirić, Biljana and Ugrenović, Vladan",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Microbially mediated soil organic matter is an extremely sensitive pool that indicates subtle changes in the quality parameters responsible for the soil’s ecological and productive functions. Fifty years of mineral fertilization of a wheat-corn cropping system has a strong impact on soil quality parameters. The goal of the research was to study the dynamics and quality of soil biological parameters affected by increasing amounts of mineral nitrogen. Soil respiration, potentially mineralizable C and N, microbial biomass C and N and light-fraction OM on Cambisol were analyzed in the following treatments: (1) Control (without fertilization); (2) NPK (60/51/67); (3) NPK (90/51/67); (4) NPK (120/51/67); (5) NPK (150/51/67 kg ha−1). The parameters studied were significantly affected by the long-term application of mineral fertilizer compared with both the control and the adjacent native soil. The highest amounts of nitrogen (N150) did not significantly differ from N120 and N90 for most of the parameters studied. Potentially mineralizable C represented the largest labile carbon pool, while microbial biomass N was the largest labile nitrogen pool. The mineralization rates for C and N were oppositely distributed over the seasons. The sensitivity index correlated with the amount of light-fraction OM. The results give a deeper insight into the behavior and distribution of different pools of labile SOM in the agro-landscapes and can serve as a reliable basis for further research focused on zero soil degradation.",
publisher = "Basel: MDPI",
journal = "Agronomy",
title = "Changes in Soil Labile Organic Matter as Affected by 50 Years of Fertilization with Increasing Amounts of Nitrogen",
number = "10",
volume = "11",
doi = "10.3390/agronomy11102026",
pages = "2026"
}
Koković, N., Saljnikov, E., Eulenstein, F., Čakmak, D., Buntić, A., Sikirić, B.,& Ugrenović, V.. (2021). Changes in Soil Labile Organic Matter as Affected by 50 Years of Fertilization with Increasing Amounts of Nitrogen. in Agronomy
Basel: MDPI., 11(10), 2026.
https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11102026
Koković N, Saljnikov E, Eulenstein F, Čakmak D, Buntić A, Sikirić B, Ugrenović V. Changes in Soil Labile Organic Matter as Affected by 50 Years of Fertilization with Increasing Amounts of Nitrogen. in Agronomy. 2021;11(10):2026.
doi:10.3390/agronomy11102026 .
Koković, Nikola, Saljnikov, Elmira, Eulenstein, Frank, Čakmak, Dragan, Buntić, Aneta, Sikirić, Biljana, Ugrenović, Vladan, "Changes in Soil Labile Organic Matter as Affected by 50 Years of Fertilization with Increasing Amounts of Nitrogen" in Agronomy, 11, no. 10 (2021):2026,
https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11102026 . .
15
3
12

The ameliorative condition of the irrigated light serozem of the turkestan region

Tanirbergenov, Samat I.; Suleimenov, Beibut U.; Čakmak, Dragan; Saljnikov, Elmira; Smanov, Zhassulan

(Tche Quimica Group, 2020)

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tanirbergenov, Samat I.
AU  - Suleimenov, Beibut U.
AU  - Čakmak, Dragan
AU  - Saljnikov, Elmira
AU  - Smanov, Zhassulan
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://katalog.am.szczecin.pl/eds/search?q=%22Salinization%22&index=4
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4081
AB  - The relevance of the study is conditioned by the fact that the large-scale irrigation of cotton fields in arid and desert areas of the Turkestan region inevitably leads to the processes of soil salinization. Salinity is a global problem for humanity. Soil salinization is associated with drainage problems, improper use of water resources, growing demand for agricultural products, which leads to increased pressure on agricultural land. In this regard, this paper is directed at investigating the soil salinity of the irrigated light serozem in a cotton farm of Southern Kazakhstan (now Turkestan region) under the vertical drainage, which would provide the necessary background for the reconstruction of the collection-drainage system of the whole region, thus contributing to the increasing the net yield and the quality of the row cotton, as well as preventing soil deterioration. The leading method for studying the issues of the article was the dispersion method, according to which the salinity of soils was determined by seasons. The main objectives were studying the dynamics of salts changes seasonally and timely under the vertical drainage and studying the spatial distribution of salts in the cotton-based farm. The results showed that in 2014 there was recorded a positive dynamic of changes compared to 2012. In spring 2014, the area under medium saline soil in the 0-20 cm layer decreased from 79.5 to 57.7 %; the weakly saline soil area increased from 20.5 to 34.6 %. In the autumn and winter periods, the area of strongly saline soils decreased from 25.6 to 14.1 %. The area of non-saline soils was recorded at 7.7 %. The results showed that changes in the amount of the ions, both vertically and seasonally, occur with the transport of salts along with soil profile under the influence of temperature gradients and the level of groundwater, i.e., in spring from up to down, and in autumn and winter, contrary from down to up. The theoretical and practical value of the study lies in the fact that the material for improving, preventing the salinization of soils will lead to an increase in the general level of ecological safety of the region and country in general.
PB  - Tche Quimica Group
T2  - Periodico Tche Quimica
T1  - The ameliorative condition of the irrigated light serozem of the turkestan region
IS  - 36
VL  - 17
SP  - 920
EP  - 933
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_4081
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Tanirbergenov, Samat I. and Suleimenov, Beibut U. and Čakmak, Dragan and Saljnikov, Elmira and Smanov, Zhassulan",
year = "2020",
abstract = "The relevance of the study is conditioned by the fact that the large-scale irrigation of cotton fields in arid and desert areas of the Turkestan region inevitably leads to the processes of soil salinization. Salinity is a global problem for humanity. Soil salinization is associated with drainage problems, improper use of water resources, growing demand for agricultural products, which leads to increased pressure on agricultural land. In this regard, this paper is directed at investigating the soil salinity of the irrigated light serozem in a cotton farm of Southern Kazakhstan (now Turkestan region) under the vertical drainage, which would provide the necessary background for the reconstruction of the collection-drainage system of the whole region, thus contributing to the increasing the net yield and the quality of the row cotton, as well as preventing soil deterioration. The leading method for studying the issues of the article was the dispersion method, according to which the salinity of soils was determined by seasons. The main objectives were studying the dynamics of salts changes seasonally and timely under the vertical drainage and studying the spatial distribution of salts in the cotton-based farm. The results showed that in 2014 there was recorded a positive dynamic of changes compared to 2012. In spring 2014, the area under medium saline soil in the 0-20 cm layer decreased from 79.5 to 57.7 %; the weakly saline soil area increased from 20.5 to 34.6 %. In the autumn and winter periods, the area of strongly saline soils decreased from 25.6 to 14.1 %. The area of non-saline soils was recorded at 7.7 %. The results showed that changes in the amount of the ions, both vertically and seasonally, occur with the transport of salts along with soil profile under the influence of temperature gradients and the level of groundwater, i.e., in spring from up to down, and in autumn and winter, contrary from down to up. The theoretical and practical value of the study lies in the fact that the material for improving, preventing the salinization of soils will lead to an increase in the general level of ecological safety of the region and country in general.",
publisher = "Tche Quimica Group",
journal = "Periodico Tche Quimica",
title = "The ameliorative condition of the irrigated light serozem of the turkestan region",
number = "36",
volume = "17",
pages = "920-933",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_4081"
}
Tanirbergenov, S. I., Suleimenov, B. U., Čakmak, D., Saljnikov, E.,& Smanov, Z.. (2020). The ameliorative condition of the irrigated light serozem of the turkestan region. in Periodico Tche Quimica
Tche Quimica Group., 17(36), 920-933.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_4081
Tanirbergenov SI, Suleimenov BU, Čakmak D, Saljnikov E, Smanov Z. The ameliorative condition of the irrigated light serozem of the turkestan region. in Periodico Tche Quimica. 2020;17(36):920-933.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_4081 .
Tanirbergenov, Samat I., Suleimenov, Beibut U., Čakmak, Dragan, Saljnikov, Elmira, Smanov, Zhassulan, "The ameliorative condition of the irrigated light serozem of the turkestan region" in Periodico Tche Quimica, 17, no. 36 (2020):920-933,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_4081 .
4

Pollution indices and sources appointment of heavy metal pollution of agricultural soils near the thermal power plant.

Saljnikov, Elmira; Mrvić, Vesna; Čakmak, Dragan; Jaramaz, Darko; Perović, Veljko; Antić-Mladenović, Svetlana; Pavlović, Pavle

(2019)

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Saljnikov, Elmira
AU  - Mrvić, Vesna
AU  - Čakmak, Dragan
AU  - Jaramaz, Darko
AU  - Perović, Veljko
AU  - Antić-Mladenović, Svetlana
AU  - Pavlović, Pavle
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10653-019-00281-y
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3331
AB  - Alluvial soils of valleys of the Danube and Mlave rivers represent priority development areas with favorable conditions for life, agriculture and tourism in eastern Serbia. Operation of the thermal power plant Kostolac results in the emission of potentially toxic pollutants into the air, water and land. The goals were to determine the soil pollution with inorganic pollutants using different pollution indices, to identify of the sources of pollutants by means of principal component analysis and the loading of each factor for individual element assessed by multi-linear regression analyses. Chemical characteristics of the studied area resulted in division of the area into four impact zones upon the distance from main pollutants (power plant blocks and ash disposal dumps). There was no established soil pollution with potentially toxic elements in bulk of the agricultural territory. Two principal components (PC1 and PC2) explained about 73% of variance. Three studied elements (As, Cu and Pb) showed anthropogenic origin of their most concentrations in soil, while other elements (Cd, Co, Cr, Ni and Zn) were of a natural (geological) origin. Single pollution index showed moderate pollution level by Ni. Integrated Nemerow pollution index showed low to no pollution levels, indicating slight ecological risk. There were no established limitations for agricultural production in the studied area, except for the only spot polluted by As due to the great flooding event in the studied year.
T2  - Environmental Geochemistry and Health
T1  - Pollution indices and sources appointment of heavy metal pollution of agricultural soils near the thermal power plant.
DO  - 10.1007/s10653-019-00281-y
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Saljnikov, Elmira and Mrvić, Vesna and Čakmak, Dragan and Jaramaz, Darko and Perović, Veljko and Antić-Mladenović, Svetlana and Pavlović, Pavle",
year = "2019",
abstract = "Alluvial soils of valleys of the Danube and Mlave rivers represent priority development areas with favorable conditions for life, agriculture and tourism in eastern Serbia. Operation of the thermal power plant Kostolac results in the emission of potentially toxic pollutants into the air, water and land. The goals were to determine the soil pollution with inorganic pollutants using different pollution indices, to identify of the sources of pollutants by means of principal component analysis and the loading of each factor for individual element assessed by multi-linear regression analyses. Chemical characteristics of the studied area resulted in division of the area into four impact zones upon the distance from main pollutants (power plant blocks and ash disposal dumps). There was no established soil pollution with potentially toxic elements in bulk of the agricultural territory. Two principal components (PC1 and PC2) explained about 73% of variance. Three studied elements (As, Cu and Pb) showed anthropogenic origin of their most concentrations in soil, while other elements (Cd, Co, Cr, Ni and Zn) were of a natural (geological) origin. Single pollution index showed moderate pollution level by Ni. Integrated Nemerow pollution index showed low to no pollution levels, indicating slight ecological risk. There were no established limitations for agricultural production in the studied area, except for the only spot polluted by As due to the great flooding event in the studied year.",
journal = "Environmental Geochemistry and Health",
title = "Pollution indices and sources appointment of heavy metal pollution of agricultural soils near the thermal power plant.",
doi = "10.1007/s10653-019-00281-y"
}
Saljnikov, E., Mrvić, V., Čakmak, D., Jaramaz, D., Perović, V., Antić-Mladenović, S.,& Pavlović, P.. (2019). Pollution indices and sources appointment of heavy metal pollution of agricultural soils near the thermal power plant.. in Environmental Geochemistry and Health.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-019-00281-y
Saljnikov E, Mrvić V, Čakmak D, Jaramaz D, Perović V, Antić-Mladenović S, Pavlović P. Pollution indices and sources appointment of heavy metal pollution of agricultural soils near the thermal power plant.. in Environmental Geochemistry and Health. 2019;.
doi:10.1007/s10653-019-00281-y .
Saljnikov, Elmira, Mrvić, Vesna, Čakmak, Dragan, Jaramaz, Darko, Perović, Veljko, Antić-Mladenović, Svetlana, Pavlović, Pavle, "Pollution indices and sources appointment of heavy metal pollution of agricultural soils near the thermal power plant." in Environmental Geochemistry and Health (2019),
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-019-00281-y . .
1
33
15
29

Spatial distribution of soil pollutants in urban green areas (a case study in Belgrade)

Čakmak, Dragan; Perović, Veljko; Kresović, Mirjana; Jaranaz, Darko; Mrvić, Vesna; Belanović Simić, Snežana; Saljnikov, Elmira; Trivan, Goran

(Elsevier B.V., 2018)

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Čakmak, Dragan
AU  - Perović, Veljko
AU  - Kresović, Mirjana
AU  - Jaranaz, Darko
AU  - Mrvić, Vesna
AU  - Belanović Simić, Snežana
AU  - Saljnikov, Elmira
AU  - Trivan, Goran
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3741
AB  - In urban areas, the presence of toxic microelements in the environment due to the anthropogenic impact (primarily of traffic) poses a serious problem. The negative impact of pollution on populated urban areas is particularly manifest in children. To establish the level of microelement pollution, at 40 localities in the municipality of Stari grad in Belgrade we sampled surface soil near kindergartens and schools during 2013. By applying remote sensing and GIS, small green areas were selected and the spatial distribution of microelements was determined. Because of their different origins and anthropogenic impact, three heavy metals, Cd, Ni and Zn, were examined; the level of soil pollution was assessed by determining their total content, pollution index (Pi), enrichment factor (EF), single risk factor (Ei) and ecological risk index (RI). The highest concentration established was that of Zn, with a mean value of 223.11 mg/kg. The Pi values for Zn (2.96) and Cd (2.98) were similar. Due to the prevailing geological substrate, Ni had the lowest EF (0.75) and Ei (3.09). The effect of the geological substrate on the Ni content was also confirmed by its very high concentration along the banks of the rivers Sava and Danube, while the total contents and factors for Cd and Zn indicated that they were concentrated in the city center. Our results show that 30.72% of the green areas in the city center have a moderate RI, which indicates that the examined pollutants do not present a danger to children.
PB  - Elsevier B.V.
T2  - Journal of Geochemical Exploration
T1  - Spatial distribution of soil pollutants in urban green areas (a case study in Belgrade)
VL  - 188
DO  - 10.1016/j.gexplo.2018.02.001
SP  - 308
EP  - 317
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Čakmak, Dragan and Perović, Veljko and Kresović, Mirjana and Jaranaz, Darko and Mrvić, Vesna and Belanović Simić, Snežana and Saljnikov, Elmira and Trivan, Goran",
year = "2018",
abstract = "In urban areas, the presence of toxic microelements in the environment due to the anthropogenic impact (primarily of traffic) poses a serious problem. The negative impact of pollution on populated urban areas is particularly manifest in children. To establish the level of microelement pollution, at 40 localities in the municipality of Stari grad in Belgrade we sampled surface soil near kindergartens and schools during 2013. By applying remote sensing and GIS, small green areas were selected and the spatial distribution of microelements was determined. Because of their different origins and anthropogenic impact, three heavy metals, Cd, Ni and Zn, were examined; the level of soil pollution was assessed by determining their total content, pollution index (Pi), enrichment factor (EF), single risk factor (Ei) and ecological risk index (RI). The highest concentration established was that of Zn, with a mean value of 223.11 mg/kg. The Pi values for Zn (2.96) and Cd (2.98) were similar. Due to the prevailing geological substrate, Ni had the lowest EF (0.75) and Ei (3.09). The effect of the geological substrate on the Ni content was also confirmed by its very high concentration along the banks of the rivers Sava and Danube, while the total contents and factors for Cd and Zn indicated that they were concentrated in the city center. Our results show that 30.72% of the green areas in the city center have a moderate RI, which indicates that the examined pollutants do not present a danger to children.",
publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",
journal = "Journal of Geochemical Exploration",
title = "Spatial distribution of soil pollutants in urban green areas (a case study in Belgrade)",
volume = "188",
doi = "10.1016/j.gexplo.2018.02.001",
pages = "308-317"
}
Čakmak, D., Perović, V., Kresović, M., Jaranaz, D., Mrvić, V., Belanović Simić, S., Saljnikov, E.,& Trivan, G.. (2018). Spatial distribution of soil pollutants in urban green areas (a case study in Belgrade). in Journal of Geochemical Exploration
Elsevier B.V.., 188, 308-317.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2018.02.001
Čakmak D, Perović V, Kresović M, Jaranaz D, Mrvić V, Belanović Simić S, Saljnikov E, Trivan G. Spatial distribution of soil pollutants in urban green areas (a case study in Belgrade). in Journal of Geochemical Exploration. 2018;188:308-317.
doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2018.02.001 .
Čakmak, Dragan, Perović, Veljko, Kresović, Mirjana, Jaranaz, Darko, Mrvić, Vesna, Belanović Simić, Snežana, Saljnikov, Elmira, Trivan, Goran, "Spatial distribution of soil pollutants in urban green areas (a case study in Belgrade)" in Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 188 (2018):308-317,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2018.02.001 . .
15
8
10

Contamination, risk, and source apportionment of potentially toxic microelements in river sediments and soil after extreme flooding in the Kolubara River catchment in Western Serbia

Čakmak, Dragan; Perović, Veljko; Antić-Mladenović, Svetlana; Kresović, Mirjana; Saljnikov, Elmira; Mitrović, Miroslava; Pavlović, Pavle

(2018)

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Čakmak, Dragan
AU  - Perović, Veljko
AU  - Antić-Mladenović, Svetlana
AU  - Kresović, Mirjana
AU  - Saljnikov, Elmira
AU  - Mitrović, Miroslava
AU  - Pavlović, Pavle
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11368-017-1904-0
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2949
AB  - Purpose: Climate change is contributing to an increase in extreme weather events. This results in a higher river flooding risk, causing a series of environmental disturbances, including potential contamination of agricultural soil. In Serbia, the catastrophic floods of 2014 affected six river basins, including the Kolubara River Basin, as one of the larger sub-catchments of the large regional Sava River Basin, which is characterized by large areas under agricultural cultures, various geological substrates, and different types of industrial pollution. The main aim of this study was to establish the sources of potentially toxic elements in soil and flood sediments and the effect of the flood on their concentrations. Materials and methods: Field sampling was performed immediately after water had receded from the flooded area in May 2014. In total, 36 soil samples and 28 flood sediment samples were collected. After acid digestion (HNO3), concentrations of the most frequent potentially toxic elements (PTE) in agricultural production (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) and Co which are closely related to the geological characteristics of river catchments, were analyzed. The origin, source, and interrelations of microelements, as well as background values of the PTE of the river catchment, the pollution index (Pi), enrichment factor (Ef), and geological index (Igeo), were determined, using statistical methods such as Pearson correlations, principal component analysis (PCA), and multiple linear regression (MLRA). Results and discussion: The content of the hot acid-extractable forms of the elements, PCA, and MLRA revealed a heavy geological influence on microelement content, especially on Ni, Cr, and Co, while an anthropogenic influence was observed for Cu, Zn, and Cd content. This mixed impact was primarily related to mines and their impact on As and Pb content. The pseudo-total concentrations of all the analyzed elements did not prove to be a danger in the catchment area, except for Cu in some samples, indicating point-source pollution, and Ni, whose pseudo-total content could be a limiting factor in agricultural production. For the Ef, the Ni content in 59% soil and 68% flood sediment samples is classified into influence classes. Conclusions: The similar pseudo-total contents of the elements studied in soil samples and flood sediment and their origin indicate that the long-term soil formation process is subject to periodic flooding in the Kolubara River Basin without any significant changes taking place. This implies that floods are not an endangering factor in terms of the contamination of soil by potentially toxic elements in the explored area.
T2  - Journal of Soils and Sediments
T2  - Journal of Soils and Sediments
T1  - Contamination, risk, and source apportionment of potentially toxic microelements in river sediments and soil after extreme flooding in the Kolubara River catchment in Western Serbia
VL  - 18
DO  - 10.1007/s11368-017-1904-0
SP  - 1981
EP  - 1993
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Čakmak, Dragan and Perović, Veljko and Antić-Mladenović, Svetlana and Kresović, Mirjana and Saljnikov, Elmira and Mitrović, Miroslava and Pavlović, Pavle",
year = "2018",
abstract = "Purpose: Climate change is contributing to an increase in extreme weather events. This results in a higher river flooding risk, causing a series of environmental disturbances, including potential contamination of agricultural soil. In Serbia, the catastrophic floods of 2014 affected six river basins, including the Kolubara River Basin, as one of the larger sub-catchments of the large regional Sava River Basin, which is characterized by large areas under agricultural cultures, various geological substrates, and different types of industrial pollution. The main aim of this study was to establish the sources of potentially toxic elements in soil and flood sediments and the effect of the flood on their concentrations. Materials and methods: Field sampling was performed immediately after water had receded from the flooded area in May 2014. In total, 36 soil samples and 28 flood sediment samples were collected. After acid digestion (HNO3), concentrations of the most frequent potentially toxic elements (PTE) in agricultural production (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) and Co which are closely related to the geological characteristics of river catchments, were analyzed. The origin, source, and interrelations of microelements, as well as background values of the PTE of the river catchment, the pollution index (Pi), enrichment factor (Ef), and geological index (Igeo), were determined, using statistical methods such as Pearson correlations, principal component analysis (PCA), and multiple linear regression (MLRA). Results and discussion: The content of the hot acid-extractable forms of the elements, PCA, and MLRA revealed a heavy geological influence on microelement content, especially on Ni, Cr, and Co, while an anthropogenic influence was observed for Cu, Zn, and Cd content. This mixed impact was primarily related to mines and their impact on As and Pb content. The pseudo-total concentrations of all the analyzed elements did not prove to be a danger in the catchment area, except for Cu in some samples, indicating point-source pollution, and Ni, whose pseudo-total content could be a limiting factor in agricultural production. For the Ef, the Ni content in 59% soil and 68% flood sediment samples is classified into influence classes. Conclusions: The similar pseudo-total contents of the elements studied in soil samples and flood sediment and their origin indicate that the long-term soil formation process is subject to periodic flooding in the Kolubara River Basin without any significant changes taking place. This implies that floods are not an endangering factor in terms of the contamination of soil by potentially toxic elements in the explored area.",
journal = "Journal of Soils and Sediments, Journal of Soils and Sediments",
title = "Contamination, risk, and source apportionment of potentially toxic microelements in river sediments and soil after extreme flooding in the Kolubara River catchment in Western Serbia",
volume = "18",
doi = "10.1007/s11368-017-1904-0",
pages = "1981-1993"
}
Čakmak, D., Perović, V., Antić-Mladenović, S., Kresović, M., Saljnikov, E., Mitrović, M.,& Pavlović, P.. (2018). Contamination, risk, and source apportionment of potentially toxic microelements in river sediments and soil after extreme flooding in the Kolubara River catchment in Western Serbia. in Journal of Soils and Sediments, 18, 1981-1993.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-017-1904-0
Čakmak D, Perović V, Antić-Mladenović S, Kresović M, Saljnikov E, Mitrović M, Pavlović P. Contamination, risk, and source apportionment of potentially toxic microelements in river sediments and soil after extreme flooding in the Kolubara River catchment in Western Serbia. in Journal of Soils and Sediments. 2018;18:1981-1993.
doi:10.1007/s11368-017-1904-0 .
Čakmak, Dragan, Perović, Veljko, Antić-Mladenović, Svetlana, Kresović, Mirjana, Saljnikov, Elmira, Mitrović, Miroslava, Pavlović, Pavle, "Contamination, risk, and source apportionment of potentially toxic microelements in river sediments and soil after extreme flooding in the Kolubara River catchment in Western Serbia" in Journal of Soils and Sediments, 18 (2018):1981-1993,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-017-1904-0 . .
21
8
17

Impact of a severe flood on large-scale contamination of arable soils by potentially toxic elements (Serbia).

Antić-Mladenović, Svetlana; Kresović, Mirjana; Čakmak, Dragan; Perović, Veljko; Saljnikov, Elmira; Ličina, Vlado; Rinklebe, Jörg

(2018)

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Antić-Mladenović, Svetlana
AU  - Kresović, Mirjana
AU  - Čakmak, Dragan
AU  - Perović, Veljko
AU  - Saljnikov, Elmira
AU  - Ličina, Vlado
AU  - Rinklebe, Jörg
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10653-018-0138-4
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3091
AB  - Extreme flooding in May, 2014 affected the sub-catchments of six major rivers in Serbia. The goal of the study was to evaluate the contents of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn in flood sediments and arable soils within the affected sub-catchments using regulatory guidelines and background levels. The sub-catchment of West Morava was selected to assess the degree of sediments and soils contamination and environmental risk [using the Pollution index (Pi), Enrichment factor, Geo-accumulation index, and Potential ecological risk index (PERI)] as well as to identify main PTEs sources by Principal component (PCA) and cluster analysis. Contents of Ni, Cr, As, Pb, and Cu above both guidelines and background levels, and of Zn and Cd above background levels were detected in the sediments and soils from all the sub-catchments. Pi indicted that about 95% of the soils and sediments were extremely polluted by Ni and about 65% slightly polluted by Cr, whereas about 90% were not polluted by As, Cd, Pb, Cu, or Zn. Ef indicated minor to moderate enrichment of the soils and sediments by Ni, and Cr. PCA differentiated a geogenic origin of Ni, Cr, As, and Pb, a mixed origin of Cd and Zn, and a predominantly anthropogenic origin of Cu. PERI of the soils and sediments suggested a low overall multi-element ecological risk. The ecological risk of the individual elements (E ri ) for soils was Zn < Cr < Pb < Ni < Cu < As < Cd.
T2  - Environmental Geochemistry and Health
T1  - Impact of a severe flood on large-scale contamination of arable soils by potentially toxic elements (Serbia).
DO  - 10.1007/s10653-018-0138-4
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Antić-Mladenović, Svetlana and Kresović, Mirjana and Čakmak, Dragan and Perović, Veljko and Saljnikov, Elmira and Ličina, Vlado and Rinklebe, Jörg",
year = "2018",
abstract = "Extreme flooding in May, 2014 affected the sub-catchments of six major rivers in Serbia. The goal of the study was to evaluate the contents of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn in flood sediments and arable soils within the affected sub-catchments using regulatory guidelines and background levels. The sub-catchment of West Morava was selected to assess the degree of sediments and soils contamination and environmental risk [using the Pollution index (Pi), Enrichment factor, Geo-accumulation index, and Potential ecological risk index (PERI)] as well as to identify main PTEs sources by Principal component (PCA) and cluster analysis. Contents of Ni, Cr, As, Pb, and Cu above both guidelines and background levels, and of Zn and Cd above background levels were detected in the sediments and soils from all the sub-catchments. Pi indicted that about 95% of the soils and sediments were extremely polluted by Ni and about 65% slightly polluted by Cr, whereas about 90% were not polluted by As, Cd, Pb, Cu, or Zn. Ef indicated minor to moderate enrichment of the soils and sediments by Ni, and Cr. PCA differentiated a geogenic origin of Ni, Cr, As, and Pb, a mixed origin of Cd and Zn, and a predominantly anthropogenic origin of Cu. PERI of the soils and sediments suggested a low overall multi-element ecological risk. The ecological risk of the individual elements (E ri ) for soils was Zn < Cr < Pb < Ni < Cu < As < Cd.",
journal = "Environmental Geochemistry and Health",
title = "Impact of a severe flood on large-scale contamination of arable soils by potentially toxic elements (Serbia).",
doi = "10.1007/s10653-018-0138-4"
}
Antić-Mladenović, S., Kresović, M., Čakmak, D., Perović, V., Saljnikov, E., Ličina, V.,& Rinklebe, J.. (2018). Impact of a severe flood on large-scale contamination of arable soils by potentially toxic elements (Serbia).. in Environmental Geochemistry and Health.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-018-0138-4
Antić-Mladenović S, Kresović M, Čakmak D, Perović V, Saljnikov E, Ličina V, Rinklebe J. Impact of a severe flood on large-scale contamination of arable soils by potentially toxic elements (Serbia).. in Environmental Geochemistry and Health. 2018;.
doi:10.1007/s10653-018-0138-4 .
Antić-Mladenović, Svetlana, Kresović, Mirjana, Čakmak, Dragan, Perović, Veljko, Saljnikov, Elmira, Ličina, Vlado, Rinklebe, Jörg, "Impact of a severe flood on large-scale contamination of arable soils by potentially toxic elements (Serbia)." in Environmental Geochemistry and Health (2018),
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-018-0138-4 . .
17
5
12

Layer-specific spatial prediction of As concentration in copper smelter vicinity considering the terrain exposure

Pejović, Milutin; Bajat, Branislav; Gospavić, Zagorka; Saljnikov, Elmira; Kilibarda, Milan; Čakmak, Dragan

(2017)

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pejović, Milutin
AU  - Bajat, Branislav
AU  - Gospavić, Zagorka
AU  - Saljnikov, Elmira
AU  - Kilibarda, Milan
AU  - Čakmak, Dragan
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0375674217303412
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2767
AB  - Prevailing climatic conditions and local topography can be classified as the most influential environmental factors that affect the spatial dispersion of pollutants emanating from industrial sources. In this study, the combined effects of these factors were considered with respect to terrain exposure in order to explain the complex spatial trend of Arsenic (As) concentration that was atmospherically-deposited from one of the largest Copper Mining and Smelting Complexes in Europe, Bor in Serbia. Several exposure parameters were created and employed as spatial covariates within the so-called “Spline-Then-Krige” approach for producing maps of As concentration at three standard soil depth layers (0–5 cm, 5–15 cm and 15–30 cm). The exposure parameters were created to quantify two different aspects of terrain exposure: Geometrical (Proximity) and Topographical exposure. Regression analysis confirmed the presence of a significant statistical association between the As data and all exposure parameters. The trend model showed good overall accuracy explaining 52% of the variance in As data for the surface soil layer, 49% for the middle layer and 35% for the deepest layer. Relative importance analysis revealed the importance of considering a more general model that includes interactions between exposure parameters. The kriging interpolation improved, to some extent, the regression accuracy for all three layers with R2 values ranging from 55% for the surface layer to the 36% for the deepest soil layer. The prediction maps show that As contamination levels are well above allowable Serbian agricultural concentration limits (As < 25 mg/kg) for approximately 78% of the mapping area, thereby indicating that long term smelting activity leaves significant consequences on soil even on deeper unexposed layers.
T2  - Journal of Geochemical Exploration
T1  - Layer-specific spatial prediction of As concentration in copper smelter vicinity considering the terrain exposure
VL  - 179
DO  - 10.1016/j.gexplo.2017.05.004
SP  - 25
EP  - 35
ER  - 
@article{
author = "Pejović, Milutin and Bajat, Branislav and Gospavić, Zagorka and Saljnikov, Elmira and Kilibarda, Milan and Čakmak, Dragan",
year = "2017",
abstract = "Prevailing climatic conditions and local topography can be classified as the most influential environmental factors that affect the spatial dispersion of pollutants emanating from industrial sources. In this study, the combined effects of these factors were considered with respect to terrain exposure in order to explain the complex spatial trend of Arsenic (As) concentration that was atmospherically-deposited from one of the largest Copper Mining and Smelting Complexes in Europe, Bor in Serbia. Several exposure parameters were created and employed as spatial covariates within the so-called “Spline-Then-Krige” approach for producing maps of As concentration at three standard soil depth layers (0–5 cm, 5–15 cm and 15–30 cm). The exposure parameters were created to quantify two different aspects of terrain exposure: Geometrical (Proximity) and Topographical exposure. Regression analysis confirmed the presence of a significant statistical association between the As data and all exposure parameters. The trend model showed good overall accuracy explaining 52% of the variance in As data for the surface soil layer, 49% for the middle layer and 35% for the deepest layer. Relative importance analysis revealed the importance of considering a more general model that includes interactions between exposure parameters. The kriging interpolation improved, to some extent, the regression accuracy for all three layers with R2 values ranging from 55% for the surface layer to the 36% for the deepest soil layer. The prediction maps show that As contamination levels are well above allowable Serbian agricultural concentration limits (As < 25 mg/kg) for approximately 78% of the mapping area, thereby indicating that long term smelting activity leaves significant consequences on soil even on deeper unexposed layers.",
journal = "Journal of Geochemical Exploration",
title = "Layer-specific spatial prediction of As concentration in copper smelter vicinity considering the terrain exposure",
volume = "179",
doi = "10.1016/j.gexplo.2017.05.004",
pages = "25-35"
}
Pejović, M., Bajat, B., Gospavić, Z., Saljnikov, E., Kilibarda, M.,& Čakmak, D.. (2017). Layer-specific spatial prediction of As concentration in copper smelter vicinity considering the terrain exposure. in Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 179, 25-35.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2017.05.004
Pejović M, Bajat B, Gospavić Z, Saljnikov E, Kilibarda M, Čakmak D. Layer-specific spatial prediction of As concentration in copper smelter vicinity considering the terrain exposure. in Journal of Geochemical Exploration. 2017;179:25-35.
doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2017.05.004 .
Pejović, Milutin, Bajat, Branislav, Gospavić, Zagorka, Saljnikov, Elmira, Kilibarda, Milan, Čakmak, Dragan, "Layer-specific spatial prediction of As concentration in copper smelter vicinity considering the terrain exposure" in Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 179 (2017):25-35,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2017.05.004 . .
7
5
6