TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vukčević, Marija
AU  - Šerović, Katarina
AU  - Despot, Mateja
AU  - Nikolić-Kokić, Aleksandra
AU  - Vujović, Aleksandra
AU  - Nikolić, Milan
AU  - Blagojević, Duško
AU  - Jovanović, Tanja
AU  - Despot, Dragana
PY  - 2024
UR  - http://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6495
AB  - Background: Several vaccines against COVID-19 have been developed and licensed to
enhance the immune response against SARS-CoV-2. Similarly, previous infection with SARS-CoV-
2 has been shown to provide significant protection against severe infection and hospitalization.
Methods: We investigated the effect of three doses of the Sinopharm vaccine and SARS-CoV-2
infection on the specific immune response in 103 volunteers, measuring neutralizing antibodies, anti-
S1 IgG, anti-RBD IgM, anti-N IgM, anti-N IgG antibodies, and INF γ. Results: Our results showed
that the presence of cardiovascular diseases increased the level of anti-N-IgG antibodies, while
endocrinological diseases decreased the level of neutralizing antibodies and anti-N IgG antibodies,
suggesting that these diseases alter the effect of vaccine-induced immunity. In addition, there was a
significant decrease in anti-S1 IgG levels at 6 months and in anti-N IgG levels 18 months post-infection,
while neutralizing antibodies and INF γ levels were constant at 3, 6, and 18 months post-infection.
Conclusions: Our results confirm the emergence of hybrid immunity, which is the strongest and
most durable compared to natural immunity or vaccine-induced immunity. Significant positive
correlations were found between humoral and cellular immunity markers: neutralizing antibodies,
anti-S1 IgG and anti-N IgG antibodies, and INF γ, indicating a unique coordinated response specific
to COVID-19.
PB  - Basel: MDPI
T2  - Pharmaceuticals
T1  - Humoral and Cellular Immune Response after Three Doses of Sinopharm [Vero Cell]-Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine in Combination with SARS-CoV-2 Infection Leads to Hybrid Immunity
IS  - 1
VL  - 17
DO  - 10.3390/ph17010122
SP  - 122
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Vukčević, Marija and Šerović, Katarina and Despot, Mateja and Nikolić-Kokić, Aleksandra and Vujović, Aleksandra and Nikolić, Milan and Blagojević, Duško and Jovanović, Tanja and Despot, Dragana",
year = "2024",
abstract = "Background: Several vaccines against COVID-19 have been developed and licensed to
enhance the immune response against SARS-CoV-2. Similarly, previous infection with SARS-CoV-
2 has been shown to provide significant protection against severe infection and hospitalization.
Methods: We investigated the effect of three doses of the Sinopharm vaccine and SARS-CoV-2
infection on the specific immune response in 103 volunteers, measuring neutralizing antibodies, anti-
S1 IgG, anti-RBD IgM, anti-N IgM, anti-N IgG antibodies, and INF γ. Results: Our results showed
that the presence of cardiovascular diseases increased the level of anti-N-IgG antibodies, while
endocrinological diseases decreased the level of neutralizing antibodies and anti-N IgG antibodies,
suggesting that these diseases alter the effect of vaccine-induced immunity. In addition, there was a
significant decrease in anti-S1 IgG levels at 6 months and in anti-N IgG levels 18 months post-infection,
while neutralizing antibodies and INF γ levels were constant at 3, 6, and 18 months post-infection.
Conclusions: Our results confirm the emergence of hybrid immunity, which is the strongest and
most durable compared to natural immunity or vaccine-induced immunity. Significant positive
correlations were found between humoral and cellular immunity markers: neutralizing antibodies,
anti-S1 IgG and anti-N IgG antibodies, and INF γ, indicating a unique coordinated response specific
to COVID-19.",
publisher = "Basel: MDPI",
journal = "Pharmaceuticals",
title = "Humoral and Cellular Immune Response after Three Doses of Sinopharm [Vero Cell]-Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine in Combination with SARS-CoV-2 Infection Leads to Hybrid Immunity",
number = "1",
volume = "17",
doi = "10.3390/ph17010122",
pages = "122"
}

Vukčević, M., Šerović, K., Despot, M., Nikolić-Kokić, A., Vujović, A., Nikolić, M., Blagojević, D., Jovanović, T.,& Despot, D.. (2024). Humoral and Cellular Immune Response after Three Doses of Sinopharm [Vero Cell]-Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine in Combination with SARS-CoV-2 Infection Leads to Hybrid Immunity. in Pharmaceuticals
Basel: MDPI., 17(1), 122.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17010122

Vukčević M, Šerović K, Despot M, Nikolić-Kokić A, Vujović A, Nikolić M, Blagojević D, Jovanović T, Despot D. Humoral and Cellular Immune Response after Three Doses of Sinopharm [Vero Cell]-Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine in Combination with SARS-CoV-2 Infection Leads to Hybrid Immunity. in Pharmaceuticals. 2024;17(1):122.
doi:10.3390/ph17010122 .

Vukčević, Marija, Šerović, Katarina, Despot, Mateja, Nikolić-Kokić, Aleksandra, Vujović, Aleksandra, Nikolić, Milan, Blagojević, Duško, Jovanović, Tanja, Despot, Dragana, "Humoral and Cellular Immune Response after Three Doses of Sinopharm [Vero Cell]-Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine in Combination with SARS-CoV-2 Infection Leads to Hybrid Immunity" in Pharmaceuticals, 17, no. 1 (2024):122,
https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17010122 . .