The role of gut microbiota in the development of obesity: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications
Uloga crevne mikrobiote u razvoju gojaznosti: molekularni mehanizmi i terapijske implikacije
2018
Document Type:
Conference object (Published version)
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© 2018 Specijalna bolnica za bolesti štitaste žlezde i bolesti metabolizma "Zlatibor"
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The dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity in the population of children and adolescents represents the leading health problem of modern society. According to previous research, the main form of dietary treatment of obesity in children and adolescents is a balanced hypocaloric diet characterized by an increased intake of food containing fiber, primarily fruits, vegetables and whole grains. As the composition of the intestinal microbiota changes depending on the diet, numerous studies have shown the existence of a relationship between the composition of the microbiota in the feces of obese people and their body weight. Bearing this in mind, the question arises whether the reduction of obesity after a hypocaloric diet is a consequence of changes in the amount and composition of the intestinal microbiota and the products of its activity, such as short chain fatty acids (SCFA). Short-chain fatty acids, primarily acetic, propionic and butyric, are produced by the process of fermentation of insoluble plant fibers in the large intestine by intestinal microbiota, and in addition to their role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, they also perform their biological function as signaling molecules that modulate lipid metabolism in adipose tissue. It is interesting that, depending on the type and abundance, short-chain fatty acids can stimulate the process of lipolysis as well as the processes of adipogenesis and lipogenesis. In the process of regulating lipolysis, the main role is played by the enzyme HSL (hormone sensitive lipase), while the key regulators of the process of adipo- and lipogenesis in adipose tissue are the transcriptional regulators PPARγ (eng. peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ), SREBP-1 (eng. sterol regulatory element binding protein-1) and ChREBP (eng. carbohydrate response element binding protein). Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of action of short-chain fatty acids on adipose tissue cells, primarily on the processes of regulation of adipogenesis and lipid metabolism, can contribute to more successful prevention and treatment of obesity through changes in the composition of intestinal microbiota and its products that can be controlled by different dietary regimes.
In:
- Živić S, editor. Zbornik radova: 1. Srpski kongres dečje endokrinologije "Čigota 2018" sa međunarodnim učešćem; 2018 Apr 26-28; Zlatibor, Serbia. Niš: Educo Events; 2018. p. 20.