TY  - JOUR
AU  - Popović, Željko D.
AU  - Maier, Vítězslav
AU  - Avramov, Miloš
AU  - Uzelac, Iva
AU  - Gošić-Dondo, Snežana
AU  - Blagojević, Duško
AU  - Koštál, Vladimír
PY  - 2021
UR  - https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.768593/full
UR  - http://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4689
AB  - The European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis is a pest species, whose fifth instar larvae gradually develop cold hardiness during diapause. The physiological changes underlying diapause progression and cold hardiness development are still insufficiently understood in insects. Here, we follow a complex of changes related to energy metabolism during cold acclimation (5°C) of diapausing larvae and compare this to warm-acclimated (22°C) and non-diapause controls. Capillary electrophoresis of nucleotides and coenzymes has shown that in gradually cold-acclimated groups concentrations of ATP/ADP and, consequently, energy charge slowly decrease during diapause, while the concentration of AMP increases, especially in the first months of diapause. Also, the activity of cytochrome c oxidase (COX), as well as the concentrations of NAD + and GMP, decline in cold-acclimated groups, until the latter part of diapause, when they recover. Relative expression of NADH dehydrogenase ( nd1 ), coenzyme Q-cytochrome c reductase ( uqcr ), COX, ATP synthase ( atp ), ADP/ATP translocase ( ant ), and prohibitin 2 ( phb2 ) is supressed in cold-acclimated larvae during the first months of diapause and gradually increases toward the termination of diapause. Contrary to this, NADP + and UMP levels significantly increased in the first few months of diapause, after gradual cold acclimation, which is in connection with the biosynthesis of cryoprotective molecules, as well as regeneration of small antioxidants. Our findings evidence the existence of a cold-induced energy-saving program that facilitates long-term maintenance of larval diapause, as well as gradual development of cold hardiness. In contrast, warm acclimation induced faster depletion of ATP, ADP, UMP, NAD + , and NADP + , as well as higher activity of COX and generally higher expression of all energy-related genes in comparison to cold-acclimated larvae. Moreover, such unusually high metabolic activity, driven by high temperatures, lead to premature mortality in the warm-acclimated group after 2 months of diapause. Thus, our findings strongly support the importance of low temperature exposure in early diapause for gradual cold hardiness acquisition, successful maintenance of the resting state and return to active development. Moreover, they demonstrate potentially adverse effects of global climate changes and subsequent increase in winter temperatures on cold-adapted terrestrial organisms in temperate and subpolar regions.
PB  - Lausanne: Frontiers Media S.A.
T2  - Frontiers in Physiology
T1  - Acclimations to Cold and Warm Conditions Differently Affect the Energy Metabolism of Diapausing Larvae of the European Corn Borer Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.)
VL  - 12
DO  - 10.3389/fphys.2021.768593
SP  - 768593
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Popović, Željko D. and Maier, Vítězslav and Avramov, Miloš and Uzelac, Iva and Gošić-Dondo, Snežana and Blagojević, Duško and Koštál, Vladimír",
year = "2021",
abstract = "The European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis is a pest species, whose fifth instar larvae gradually develop cold hardiness during diapause. The physiological changes underlying diapause progression and cold hardiness development are still insufficiently understood in insects. Here, we follow a complex of changes related to energy metabolism during cold acclimation (5°C) of diapausing larvae and compare this to warm-acclimated (22°C) and non-diapause controls. Capillary electrophoresis of nucleotides and coenzymes has shown that in gradually cold-acclimated groups concentrations of ATP/ADP and, consequently, energy charge slowly decrease during diapause, while the concentration of AMP increases, especially in the first months of diapause. Also, the activity of cytochrome c oxidase (COX), as well as the concentrations of NAD + and GMP, decline in cold-acclimated groups, until the latter part of diapause, when they recover. Relative expression of NADH dehydrogenase ( nd1 ), coenzyme Q-cytochrome c reductase ( uqcr ), COX, ATP synthase ( atp ), ADP/ATP translocase ( ant ), and prohibitin 2 ( phb2 ) is supressed in cold-acclimated larvae during the first months of diapause and gradually increases toward the termination of diapause. Contrary to this, NADP + and UMP levels significantly increased in the first few months of diapause, after gradual cold acclimation, which is in connection with the biosynthesis of cryoprotective molecules, as well as regeneration of small antioxidants. Our findings evidence the existence of a cold-induced energy-saving program that facilitates long-term maintenance of larval diapause, as well as gradual development of cold hardiness. In contrast, warm acclimation induced faster depletion of ATP, ADP, UMP, NAD + , and NADP + , as well as higher activity of COX and generally higher expression of all energy-related genes in comparison to cold-acclimated larvae. Moreover, such unusually high metabolic activity, driven by high temperatures, lead to premature mortality in the warm-acclimated group after 2 months of diapause. Thus, our findings strongly support the importance of low temperature exposure in early diapause for gradual cold hardiness acquisition, successful maintenance of the resting state and return to active development. Moreover, they demonstrate potentially adverse effects of global climate changes and subsequent increase in winter temperatures on cold-adapted terrestrial organisms in temperate and subpolar regions.",
publisher = "Lausanne: Frontiers Media S.A.",
journal = "Frontiers in Physiology",
title = "Acclimations to Cold and Warm Conditions Differently Affect the Energy Metabolism of Diapausing Larvae of the European Corn Borer Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.)",
volume = "12",
doi = "10.3389/fphys.2021.768593",
pages = "768593"
}

Popović, Ž. D., Maier, V., Avramov, M., Uzelac, I., Gošić-Dondo, S., Blagojević, D.,& Koštál, V.. (2021). Acclimations to Cold and Warm Conditions Differently Affect the Energy Metabolism of Diapausing Larvae of the European Corn Borer Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.). in Frontiers in Physiology
Lausanne: Frontiers Media S.A.., 12, 768593.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.768593

Popović ŽD, Maier V, Avramov M, Uzelac I, Gošić-Dondo S, Blagojević D, Koštál V. Acclimations to Cold and Warm Conditions Differently Affect the Energy Metabolism of Diapausing Larvae of the European Corn Borer Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.). in Frontiers in Physiology. 2021;12:768593.
doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.768593 .

Popović, Željko D., Maier, Vítězslav, Avramov, Miloš, Uzelac, Iva, Gošić-Dondo, Snežana, Blagojević, Duško, Koštál, Vladimír, "Acclimations to Cold and Warm Conditions Differently Affect the Energy Metabolism of Diapausing Larvae of the European Corn Borer Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.)" in Frontiers in Physiology, 12 (2021):768593,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.768593 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Uzelac, Iva
AU  - Avramov, Miloš
AU  - Čelić, Tatjana
AU  - Vukašinović, Elvira
AU  - Gošić-Dondo, Snežana
AU  - Purać, Jelena
AU  - Kojić, Danijela
AU  - Blagojević, Duško
AU  - Popović, Željko D.
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3706
AB  - The European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn., is a pest Lepidopteran species whose larvae overwinter by entering diapause, gradually becoming cold-hardy. To investigate metabolic changes during cold hardening, activities of four metabolic enzymes – citrate synthase (CS), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured in whole-body homogenates of pupae, non-diapausing and diapausing larvae acclimated to 5 °C, −3 °C and −16 °C. The highest CS activity was detected in non-diapausing larvae, reflecting active development, while the highest in vitro LDH activity was recorded in diapausing larvae at temperatures close to 0 °C, evidencing a metabolic switch towards anaerobic metabolism. However, in-gel LDH activity showed that production of pyruvate from lactate is triggered by sub-zero temperatures. The activities of both aminotransferases were highest in non-diapausing larvae. Our findings suggest that during diapause and cold hardening the aminotransferases catalyse production of L-alanine, an important cryoprotectant, and L-aspartate, which is closely tied to both transamination reactions and Krebs cycle. The results of this study indicate that, during diapause, the activity of metabolic enzymes is synchronized with exogenous factors, such as temperatures close to 0 °C. These findings support the notion that diapause is metabolically plastic and vibrant, rather than simply a passive, resting state.
PB  - Nature Research
T2  - Scientific Reports
T1  - Effect of Cold Acclimation on Selected Metabolic Enzymes During Diapause in The European Corn Borer Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.)
IS  - 1
VL  - 10
DO  - 10.1038/s41598-020-65926-w
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Uzelac, Iva and Avramov, Miloš and Čelić, Tatjana and Vukašinović, Elvira and Gošić-Dondo, Snežana and Purać, Jelena and Kojić, Danijela and Blagojević, Duško and Popović, Željko D.",
year = "2020",
abstract = "The European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn., is a pest Lepidopteran species whose larvae overwinter by entering diapause, gradually becoming cold-hardy. To investigate metabolic changes during cold hardening, activities of four metabolic enzymes – citrate synthase (CS), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured in whole-body homogenates of pupae, non-diapausing and diapausing larvae acclimated to 5 °C, −3 °C and −16 °C. The highest CS activity was detected in non-diapausing larvae, reflecting active development, while the highest in vitro LDH activity was recorded in diapausing larvae at temperatures close to 0 °C, evidencing a metabolic switch towards anaerobic metabolism. However, in-gel LDH activity showed that production of pyruvate from lactate is triggered by sub-zero temperatures. The activities of both aminotransferases were highest in non-diapausing larvae. Our findings suggest that during diapause and cold hardening the aminotransferases catalyse production of L-alanine, an important cryoprotectant, and L-aspartate, which is closely tied to both transamination reactions and Krebs cycle. The results of this study indicate that, during diapause, the activity of metabolic enzymes is synchronized with exogenous factors, such as temperatures close to 0 °C. These findings support the notion that diapause is metabolically plastic and vibrant, rather than simply a passive, resting state.",
publisher = "Nature Research",
journal = "Scientific Reports",
title = "Effect of Cold Acclimation on Selected Metabolic Enzymes During Diapause in The European Corn Borer Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.)",
number = "1",
volume = "10",
doi = "10.1038/s41598-020-65926-w",
pages = "1-11"
}

Uzelac, I., Avramov, M., Čelić, T., Vukašinović, E., Gošić-Dondo, S., Purać, J., Kojić, D., Blagojević, D.,& Popović, Ž. D.. (2020). Effect of Cold Acclimation on Selected Metabolic Enzymes During Diapause in The European Corn Borer Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.). in Scientific Reports
Nature Research., 10(1), 1-11.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-65926-w

Uzelac I, Avramov M, Čelić T, Vukašinović E, Gošić-Dondo S, Purać J, Kojić D, Blagojević D, Popović ŽD. Effect of Cold Acclimation on Selected Metabolic Enzymes During Diapause in The European Corn Borer Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.). in Scientific Reports. 2020;10(1):1-11.
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-65926-w .

Uzelac, Iva, Avramov, Miloš, Čelić, Tatjana, Vukašinović, Elvira, Gošić-Dondo, Snežana, Purać, Jelena, Kojić, Danijela, Blagojević, Duško, Popović, Željko D., "Effect of Cold Acclimation on Selected Metabolic Enzymes During Diapause in The European Corn Borer Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.)" in Scientific Reports, 10, no. 1 (2020):1-11,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-65926-w . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vukšinović, Elvira L.
AU  - Pond, David W.
AU  - Grubor-Lajšić, Gordana
AU  - Worland, M. Roger
AU  - Kojić, Danijela
AU  - Purać, Jelena
AU  - Popović, Željko D.
AU  - Blagojević, Duško
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00360-017-1110-9
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2777
AB  - Larvae of the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hubn.) were cold acclimated during different phases of diapause to determine if changes in the fatty acid composition lipids occur as part of a programmed diapause strategy, or as a response to low temperatures during winter. Cold acclimation of fifth instar larvae of O. nubilalis during diapause had modest effects further on the readjustments in fatty acid composition of triacylglycerols and phospholipids. Overall, FA unsaturation (UFAs/SFAs ratio) was stable, with the exception of the triacylglycerols fraction after exposure to −3 and −10 °C in mid-diapause (MD) when it significantly increased. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to examine phase transitions of total body lipid of cold-acclimated larvae in diapause. Thermal analysis indicated that changes in the melt transition temperatures of whole body total lipids were subtle, but consistent with the modest changes in the level of FA unsaturation observed. We conclude that lipid rearrangements are a function of the endogenous “diapause program” rather than a direct effect of low temperatures, which proved to have limited impact on lipid changes in diapausing larvae of O. nubilalis.
T2  - Journal of Comparative Physiology B
T1  - Temperature adaptation of lipids in diapausing Ostrinia nubilalis: an experimental study to distinguish environmental versus endogenous controls
VL  - 188
DO  - 10.1007/s00360-017-1110-9
SP  - 27
EP  - 36
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Vukšinović, Elvira L. and Pond, David W. and Grubor-Lajšić, Gordana and Worland, M. Roger and Kojić, Danijela and Purać, Jelena and Popović, Željko D. and Blagojević, Duško",
year = "2018",
abstract = "Larvae of the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hubn.) were cold acclimated during different phases of diapause to determine if changes in the fatty acid composition lipids occur as part of a programmed diapause strategy, or as a response to low temperatures during winter. Cold acclimation of fifth instar larvae of O. nubilalis during diapause had modest effects further on the readjustments in fatty acid composition of triacylglycerols and phospholipids. Overall, FA unsaturation (UFAs/SFAs ratio) was stable, with the exception of the triacylglycerols fraction after exposure to −3 and −10 °C in mid-diapause (MD) when it significantly increased. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to examine phase transitions of total body lipid of cold-acclimated larvae in diapause. Thermal analysis indicated that changes in the melt transition temperatures of whole body total lipids were subtle, but consistent with the modest changes in the level of FA unsaturation observed. We conclude that lipid rearrangements are a function of the endogenous “diapause program” rather than a direct effect of low temperatures, which proved to have limited impact on lipid changes in diapausing larvae of O. nubilalis.",
journal = "Journal of Comparative Physiology B",
title = "Temperature adaptation of lipids in diapausing Ostrinia nubilalis: an experimental study to distinguish environmental versus endogenous controls",
volume = "188",
doi = "10.1007/s00360-017-1110-9",
pages = "27-36"
}

Vukšinović, E. L., Pond, D. W., Grubor-Lajšić, G., Worland, M. R., Kojić, D., Purać, J., Popović, Ž. D.,& Blagojević, D.. (2018). Temperature adaptation of lipids in diapausing Ostrinia nubilalis: an experimental study to distinguish environmental versus endogenous controls. in Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 188, 27-36.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-017-1110-9

Vukšinović EL, Pond DW, Grubor-Lajšić G, Worland MR, Kojić D, Purać J, Popović ŽD, Blagojević D. Temperature adaptation of lipids in diapausing Ostrinia nubilalis: an experimental study to distinguish environmental versus endogenous controls. in Journal of Comparative Physiology B. 2018;188:27-36.
doi:10.1007/s00360-017-1110-9 .

Vukšinović, Elvira L., Pond, David W., Grubor-Lajšić, Gordana, Worland, M. Roger, Kojić, Danijela, Purać, Jelena, Popović, Željko D., Blagojević, Duško, "Temperature adaptation of lipids in diapausing Ostrinia nubilalis: an experimental study to distinguish environmental versus endogenous controls" in Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 188 (2018):27-36,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00360-017-1110-9 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kojić, Danijela
AU  - Popović, Željko D.
AU  - Orčić, Dejan
AU  - Purać, Jelena
AU  - Orčić, Snežana
AU  - Vukašinović, Elvira L.
AU  - Nikolić, Tatjana V.
AU  - Blagojević, Duško
PY  - 2018
UR  - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022191018300921?via%3Dihub
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3116
AB  - The European corn borer (ECB, Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.) is a major pest in temperate regions of Europe and North America. Fifth instar ECB larvae enter diapause before winter and gradually develop cold hardiness. Here we investigated the combined influence of diapause phase and low temperature on sugar and polyol content in ECB larvae. Larvae in mid-diapause or diapause termination were acclimated at 5 °C, -3°C or -16 °C, and sugar and polyol content was measured using GC-MS. Control GC-MS measurements were conducted on untreated non-diapausing larvae. We detected differences in polyol (glycerol, sorbitol, myo-inositol) and sugar (trehalose, fructose, glucose) levels in diapausing versus non-diapausing larvae. Glycerol and trehalose were the most abundant of all analyzed cryoprotective compounds in diapausing larvae. Exposure of diapausing larvae to decreasing temperatures induced changes in polyol and sugar levels that depended on the phase of diapause. In mid-diapause larvae, decreasing temperatures induced a significant increase in glycerol and a decrease in sorbitol and myo-inositol. In larvae at diapause termination, polyol content was lower and less influenced by decreasing temperatures. In contrast, sugar levels were lower in larvae at mid-diapause versus diapause termination. Exposure of larvae to -16 °C induced a significant increase in the levels of all detected sugars. In particular, glucose levels were significantly higher in larvae at diapause termination following exposure to -16 °C. We propose that this shift toward sugar synthesis following low temperature exposure in larvae at diapause termination is a consequence of NADPH dependent polyol synthesis, and may be a mechanism for preservation of carbon reserves needed for post-diapause development.
T2  - Journal of insect physiology
T1  - The influence of low temperature and diapause phase on sugar and polyol content in the European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.).
VL  - 109
DO  - 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2018.07.007
SP  - 107
EP  - 113
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Kojić, Danijela and Popović, Željko D. and Orčić, Dejan and Purać, Jelena and Orčić, Snežana and Vukašinović, Elvira L. and Nikolić, Tatjana V. and Blagojević, Duško",
year = "2018",
abstract = "The European corn borer (ECB, Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.) is a major pest in temperate regions of Europe and North America. Fifth instar ECB larvae enter diapause before winter and gradually develop cold hardiness. Here we investigated the combined influence of diapause phase and low temperature on sugar and polyol content in ECB larvae. Larvae in mid-diapause or diapause termination were acclimated at 5 °C, -3°C or -16 °C, and sugar and polyol content was measured using GC-MS. Control GC-MS measurements were conducted on untreated non-diapausing larvae. We detected differences in polyol (glycerol, sorbitol, myo-inositol) and sugar (trehalose, fructose, glucose) levels in diapausing versus non-diapausing larvae. Glycerol and trehalose were the most abundant of all analyzed cryoprotective compounds in diapausing larvae. Exposure of diapausing larvae to decreasing temperatures induced changes in polyol and sugar levels that depended on the phase of diapause. In mid-diapause larvae, decreasing temperatures induced a significant increase in glycerol and a decrease in sorbitol and myo-inositol. In larvae at diapause termination, polyol content was lower and less influenced by decreasing temperatures. In contrast, sugar levels were lower in larvae at mid-diapause versus diapause termination. Exposure of larvae to -16 °C induced a significant increase in the levels of all detected sugars. In particular, glucose levels were significantly higher in larvae at diapause termination following exposure to -16 °C. We propose that this shift toward sugar synthesis following low temperature exposure in larvae at diapause termination is a consequence of NADPH dependent polyol synthesis, and may be a mechanism for preservation of carbon reserves needed for post-diapause development.",
journal = "Journal of insect physiology",
title = "The influence of low temperature and diapause phase on sugar and polyol content in the European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.).",
volume = "109",
doi = "10.1016/j.jinsphys.2018.07.007",
pages = "107-113"
}

Kojić, D., Popović, Ž. D., Orčić, D., Purać, J., Orčić, S., Vukašinović, E. L., Nikolić, T. V.,& Blagojević, D.. (2018). The influence of low temperature and diapause phase on sugar and polyol content in the European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.).. in Journal of insect physiology, 109, 107-113.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2018.07.007

Kojić D, Popović ŽD, Orčić D, Purać J, Orčić S, Vukašinović EL, Nikolić TV, Blagojević D. The influence of low temperature and diapause phase on sugar and polyol content in the European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.).. in Journal of insect physiology. 2018;109:107-113.
doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2018.07.007 .

Kojić, Danijela, Popović, Željko D., Orčić, Dejan, Purać, Jelena, Orčić, Snežana, Vukašinović, Elvira L., Nikolić, Tatjana V., Blagojević, Duško, "The influence of low temperature and diapause phase on sugar and polyol content in the European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.)." in Journal of insect physiology, 109 (2018):107-113,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2018.07.007 . .

TY  - CHAP
AU  - Purać, Jelena
AU  - Kojić, Danijela
AU  - Petri, Edward
AU  - Popović, Željko D.
AU  - Grubor-Lajšić, Gordana
AU  - Blagojević, Duško
AU  - Raman, Chandrasekar
AU  - Goldsmith, Marian R.
AU  - Agunbiade, Tolulope A.
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-24244-6_4
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2610
AB  - In this chapter, we review recent genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic studies that link several gene and protein products involved in cold adaptation in insects and other arthropods to energy metabolism and cellular protection mechanisms. Organisms have evolved various mechanisms for survival at subfreezing temperatures. In general, cold hardy invertebrates utilize four main strategies to survive cold temperatures: (1) freeze tolerance, (2) freeze avoidance, (3) cryoprotective dehydration, and (4) vitrification. In addition, many insects in temperate regions overwinter in an arrested developmental state known as diapause, during which they are cold hardy. Major alterations occur during winter diapause, with respect to both total metabolic flux and the relative activities of different metabolic pathways. In these organisms, one such metabolic adaptation to unfavorably cold environmental conditions is the synthesis of cryoprotectants/anhydroprotectants. The metabolic changes and metabolic paths involved in cold adaptation suggest involvement of specific enzymes and key regulatory proteins. These mechanisms of cold adaptation require precise scheduling of the expression of specific genes. Thus, we discuss here the evidence researchers have recently begun to gather supporting a relationship between the genes and proteins of the cold adaptation response and mechanisms of cellular protection and energy metabolism using an “omics” approach.
PB  - Springer International Publishing
T2  - Short Views on Insect Genomics and Proteomics: Insect Proteomics. Vol. 2
T1  - Cold Adaptation Responses in Insects and Other Arthropods: An “Omics” Approach
DO  - 10.1007/978-3-319-24244-6_4
SP  - 89
EP  - 112
ER  - 

@inbook{
author = "Purać, Jelena and Kojić, Danijela and Petri, Edward and Popović, Željko D. and Grubor-Lajšić, Gordana and Blagojević, Duško and Raman, Chandrasekar and Goldsmith, Marian R. and Agunbiade, Tolulope A.",
year = "2016",
abstract = "In this chapter, we review recent genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic studies that link several gene and protein products involved in cold adaptation in insects and other arthropods to energy metabolism and cellular protection mechanisms. Organisms have evolved various mechanisms for survival at subfreezing temperatures. In general, cold hardy invertebrates utilize four main strategies to survive cold temperatures: (1) freeze tolerance, (2) freeze avoidance, (3) cryoprotective dehydration, and (4) vitrification. In addition, many insects in temperate regions overwinter in an arrested developmental state known as diapause, during which they are cold hardy. Major alterations occur during winter diapause, with respect to both total metabolic flux and the relative activities of different metabolic pathways. In these organisms, one such metabolic adaptation to unfavorably cold environmental conditions is the synthesis of cryoprotectants/anhydroprotectants. The metabolic changes and metabolic paths involved in cold adaptation suggest involvement of specific enzymes and key regulatory proteins. These mechanisms of cold adaptation require precise scheduling of the expression of specific genes. Thus, we discuss here the evidence researchers have recently begun to gather supporting a relationship between the genes and proteins of the cold adaptation response and mechanisms of cellular protection and energy metabolism using an “omics” approach.",
publisher = "Springer International Publishing",
journal = "Short Views on Insect Genomics and Proteomics: Insect Proteomics. Vol. 2",
booktitle = "Cold Adaptation Responses in Insects and Other Arthropods: An “Omics” Approach",
doi = "10.1007/978-3-319-24244-6_4",
pages = "89-112"
}

Purać, J., Kojić, D., Petri, E., Popović, Ž. D., Grubor-Lajšić, G., Blagojević, D., Raman, C., Goldsmith, M. R.,& Agunbiade, T. A.. (2016). Cold Adaptation Responses in Insects and Other Arthropods: An “Omics” Approach. in Short Views on Insect Genomics and Proteomics: Insect Proteomics. Vol. 2
Springer International Publishing., 89-112.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24244-6_4

Purać J, Kojić D, Petri E, Popović ŽD, Grubor-Lajšić G, Blagojević D, Raman C, Goldsmith MR, Agunbiade TA. Cold Adaptation Responses in Insects and Other Arthropods: An “Omics” Approach. in Short Views on Insect Genomics and Proteomics: Insect Proteomics. Vol. 2. 2016;:89-112.
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24244-6_4 .

Purać, Jelena, Kojić, Danijela, Petri, Edward, Popović, Željko D., Grubor-Lajšić, Gordana, Blagojević, Duško, Raman, Chandrasekar, Goldsmith, Marian R., Agunbiade, Tolulope A., "Cold Adaptation Responses in Insects and Other Arthropods: An “Omics” Approach" in Short Views on Insect Genomics and Proteomics: Insect Proteomics. Vol. 2 (2016):89-112,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24244-6_4 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Popović, Željko
AU  - Subotić, Ana
AU  - Nikolić, Tatjana
AU  - Radojičić, Ratko
AU  - Blagojević, Duško
AU  - Grubor-Lajšić, Gordana
AU  - Koštál, Vladimír
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6336
AB  - Diapause is a state of arrested development during which insects cope with many external and internal stressful factors. European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, overwinters as a fifth instar freeze-tolerant diapausing larva. In order to explore diapause-linked stress tolerance processes, the expression of selected genes coding for stress related proteins—glutathione S-transferase (Gst), thioredoxin (Trx), glutaredoxin (Grx), ferritin (Fer), metallothionein (Mtn), and heat shock proteins Hsp90, Hsc70, Hsp20.4, and Hsp20.1—was assessed in the fat body of diapause-destined, warm (22 °C) and cold (5 °C) acclimated diapausing larvae using the quantitative real-time PCR. Gene expression was normalised to mRNA transcripts for Actin and Rps03, and relative expression was calculated using non-diapausing larvae as a control group. During the initiation phase of diapause, the abundance of mRNA transcripts of Grx, Hsp90, Hsc70, andHsp20.1 was significantly upregulated, Trx, Fer, Mtn, andHsp20.1 were unchanged, while only Gst was clearly downregulated in comparison to non-diapause control. Later, in the early phase of diapause, the expression of most genes (except Trx and Hsp20.1) was upregulated in warm-acclimated
larvae, while only Trx and Hsp90 were upregulated in cold-acclimated larvae. Furthermore, the relative expression of all genes (except Trx) increased gradually throughout the diapause in cold-acclimated larvae. This result indicates that the half-life of mRNAs is prolonged during diapause at low temperature, which may lead to a gradual accumulation of mRNA transcripts. Our results show that both diapause programming and temperatures affect the expression of stress-related genes in Ostrinia nubilalis.
PB  - Elsevier Inc.
T2  - Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B
T1  - Expression of stress-related genes in diapause of European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.)
VL  - 186
DO  - 10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.04.004
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Popović, Željko and Subotić, Ana and Nikolić, Tatjana and Radojičić, Ratko and Blagojević, Duško and Grubor-Lajšić, Gordana and Koštál, Vladimír",
year = "2015",
abstract = "Diapause is a state of arrested development during which insects cope with many external and internal stressful factors. European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, overwinters as a fifth instar freeze-tolerant diapausing larva. In order to explore diapause-linked stress tolerance processes, the expression of selected genes coding for stress related proteins—glutathione S-transferase (Gst), thioredoxin (Trx), glutaredoxin (Grx), ferritin (Fer), metallothionein (Mtn), and heat shock proteins Hsp90, Hsc70, Hsp20.4, and Hsp20.1—was assessed in the fat body of diapause-destined, warm (22 °C) and cold (5 °C) acclimated diapausing larvae using the quantitative real-time PCR. Gene expression was normalised to mRNA transcripts for Actin and Rps03, and relative expression was calculated using non-diapausing larvae as a control group. During the initiation phase of diapause, the abundance of mRNA transcripts of Grx, Hsp90, Hsc70, andHsp20.1 was significantly upregulated, Trx, Fer, Mtn, andHsp20.1 were unchanged, while only Gst was clearly downregulated in comparison to non-diapause control. Later, in the early phase of diapause, the expression of most genes (except Trx and Hsp20.1) was upregulated in warm-acclimated
larvae, while only Trx and Hsp90 were upregulated in cold-acclimated larvae. Furthermore, the relative expression of all genes (except Trx) increased gradually throughout the diapause in cold-acclimated larvae. This result indicates that the half-life of mRNAs is prolonged during diapause at low temperature, which may lead to a gradual accumulation of mRNA transcripts. Our results show that both diapause programming and temperatures affect the expression of stress-related genes in Ostrinia nubilalis.",
publisher = "Elsevier Inc.",
journal = "Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B",
title = "Expression of stress-related genes in diapause of European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.)",
volume = "186",
doi = "10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.04.004",
pages = "1-7"
}

Popović, Ž., Subotić, A., Nikolić, T., Radojičić, R., Blagojević, D., Grubor-Lajšić, G.,& Koštál, V.. (2015). Expression of stress-related genes in diapause of European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.). in Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B
Elsevier Inc.., 186, 1-7.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.04.004

Popović Ž, Subotić A, Nikolić T, Radojičić R, Blagojević D, Grubor-Lajšić G, Koštál V. Expression of stress-related genes in diapause of European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.). in Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B. 2015;186:1-7.
doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.04.004 .

Popović, Željko, Subotić, Ana, Nikolić, Tatjana, Radojičić, Ratko, Blagojević, Duško, Grubor-Lajšić, Gordana, Koštál, Vladimír, "Expression of stress-related genes in diapause of European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.)" in Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B, 186 (2015):1-7,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.04.004 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grubor-Lajšić, Gordana
AU  - Petri, Edward
AU  - Kojić, Danijela
AU  - Purać, Jelena
AU  - Popović, Željko
AU  - Worland, Michael Roger
AU  - Clark, Melody S.
AU  - Mojović, Miloš
AU  - Blagojević, Duško
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6338
AB  - The Arctic springtail, Megaphorura arctica, survives sub-zero temperatures in a dehydrated state via trehalose-dependent cryoprotective dehydration. Regulation of trehalose biosynthesis is complex; based in part on studies in yeast and fungi, its connection with oxidative stress caused by exposure of cells to oxidants, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), or dehydration, is well documented. In this respect, we measured the amount of H2O2 and antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutases: copper, zinc—CuZnSOD and manganese containing–MnSOD, and catalase—CAT), as the regulatory components determining H2O2 concentrations, in Arctic springtails incubated at 5 ◦C (control) versus −2 ◦C (threshold temperature for trehalose biosynthesis). Because ecdysone also stimulates trehalose production in insects and regulates the expression of genes involved in redox homeostasis and antioxidant protection in
Drosophila, we measured the levels of the active physiological form of ecdysone—20-hydroxyecdysone (20-HE). Significantly elevated H2O2 and 20-HE levels were observed in M. arctica incubated at −2 ◦C, supporting a link between ecdysone, H2O2, and trehalose levels during cryoprotective dehydration. CAT activity was found to be significantly lower in M. arctica incubated at −2 ◦C versus 5 ◦C, suggesting reduced H2O2 breakdown. Furthermore, measurement of the free radical composition in Arctic springtails incubated at 5 ◦C (controls) versus −2 ◦C by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectroscopy revealed melanin-derived free radicals at −2 ◦C, perhaps an additional source of H2O2. Our results suggest that H2O2 and ecdysone play important roles in the cryoprotective dehydration process in M. arctica, linked with the regulation of trehalose biosynthesis.
PB  - Hoboken: John Wiley and Sons
T2  - Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology
T1  - Hydrogen peroxide and ecdysone in the cryoprotective dehydration strategy of Megaphorura Arctica (Onychiuridae: Collembola)
IS  - 2
VL  - 82
DO  - 10.1002/arch.21073
SP  - 59
EP  - 70
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Grubor-Lajšić, Gordana and Petri, Edward and Kojić, Danijela and Purać, Jelena and Popović, Željko and Worland, Michael Roger and Clark, Melody S. and Mojović, Miloš and Blagojević, Duško",
year = "2013",
abstract = "The Arctic springtail, Megaphorura arctica, survives sub-zero temperatures in a dehydrated state via trehalose-dependent cryoprotective dehydration. Regulation of trehalose biosynthesis is complex; based in part on studies in yeast and fungi, its connection with oxidative stress caused by exposure of cells to oxidants, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), or dehydration, is well documented. In this respect, we measured the amount of H2O2 and antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutases: copper, zinc—CuZnSOD and manganese containing–MnSOD, and catalase—CAT), as the regulatory components determining H2O2 concentrations, in Arctic springtails incubated at 5 ◦C (control) versus −2 ◦C (threshold temperature for trehalose biosynthesis). Because ecdysone also stimulates trehalose production in insects and regulates the expression of genes involved in redox homeostasis and antioxidant protection in
Drosophila, we measured the levels of the active physiological form of ecdysone—20-hydroxyecdysone (20-HE). Significantly elevated H2O2 and 20-HE levels were observed in M. arctica incubated at −2 ◦C, supporting a link between ecdysone, H2O2, and trehalose levels during cryoprotective dehydration. CAT activity was found to be significantly lower in M. arctica incubated at −2 ◦C versus 5 ◦C, suggesting reduced H2O2 breakdown. Furthermore, measurement of the free radical composition in Arctic springtails incubated at 5 ◦C (controls) versus −2 ◦C by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectroscopy revealed melanin-derived free radicals at −2 ◦C, perhaps an additional source of H2O2. Our results suggest that H2O2 and ecdysone play important roles in the cryoprotective dehydration process in M. arctica, linked with the regulation of trehalose biosynthesis.",
publisher = "Hoboken: John Wiley and Sons",
journal = "Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology",
title = "Hydrogen peroxide and ecdysone in the cryoprotective dehydration strategy of Megaphorura Arctica (Onychiuridae: Collembola)",
number = "2",
volume = "82",
doi = "10.1002/arch.21073",
pages = "59-70"
}

Grubor-Lajšić, G., Petri, E., Kojić, D., Purać, J., Popović, Ž., Worland, M. R., Clark, M. S., Mojović, M.,& Blagojević, D.. (2013). Hydrogen peroxide and ecdysone in the cryoprotective dehydration strategy of Megaphorura Arctica (Onychiuridae: Collembola). in Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology
Hoboken: John Wiley and Sons., 82(2), 59-70.
https://doi.org/10.1002/arch.21073

Grubor-Lajšić G, Petri E, Kojić D, Purać J, Popović Ž, Worland MR, Clark MS, Mojović M, Blagojević D. Hydrogen peroxide and ecdysone in the cryoprotective dehydration strategy of Megaphorura Arctica (Onychiuridae: Collembola). in Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology. 2013;82(2):59-70.
doi:10.1002/arch.21073 .

Grubor-Lajšić, Gordana, Petri, Edward, Kojić, Danijela, Purać, Jelena, Popović, Željko, Worland, Michael Roger, Clark, Melody S., Mojović, Miloš, Blagojević, Duško, "Hydrogen peroxide and ecdysone in the cryoprotective dehydration strategy of Megaphorura Arctica (Onychiuridae: Collembola)" in Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, 82, no. 2 (2013):59-70,
https://doi.org/10.1002/arch.21073 . .