TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rauš Balind, Snežana
AU  - Manojlović-Stojanoski, Milica
AU  - Šošić-Jurjević, Branka 
AU  - Selaković, Vesna
AU  - Milošević, Verica
AU  - Petković, Branka
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/bem.22237
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3570
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3764
AB  - The neuroendocrine system can be modulated by a magnetic field and cerebral ischemia as external and internal stressors, respectively. This study deals with the separate or combined effects of an extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic field (50 Hz, average magnetic field of 0.5 mT) for 7 days and global cerebral ischemia for 10 min on the morpho-functional features of pituitary adrenocorticotrophic (ACTH) and thyrotrophic (TSH) cells in 3-month-old gerbils. To determine the immediate and delayed effects of the applied stressors, measurements were made on the 7th and 14th days after the onset of the experiment. The ELF magnetic field and 10-min global cerebral ischemia, separately and particularly in combination, decreased (P < 0.05) the volume density of ACTH cells, while only in combination were intracellular ACTH content and plasma ACTH concentration increased (P < 0.05) on day 7. The ELF magnetic field elevated serum TSH concentration on day 7 and intracellular TSHβ content on day 14 (P < 0.05). Also, 10-min global cerebral ischemia alone increased serum TSH concentration (P < 0.05), while in combination with the ELF magnetic field it elevated (P < 0.05) intracellular TSHβ content on day 14. In conclusion, an ELF magnetic field and/or 10-min global cerebral ischemia can induce immediate and delayed stimulation of ACTH and TSH synthesis and secretion.
PB  - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
T2  - Bioelectromagnetics
T1  - An Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field and Global Cerebral Ischemia Affect Pituitary ACTH and TSH Cells in Gerbils
IS  - 2
VL  - 41
DO  - 10.1002/bem.22237
SP  - 91
EP  - 103
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Rauš Balind, Snežana and Manojlović-Stojanoski, Milica and Šošić-Jurjević, Branka  and Selaković, Vesna and Milošević, Verica and Petković, Branka",
year = "2020",
abstract = "The neuroendocrine system can be modulated by a magnetic field and cerebral ischemia as external and internal stressors, respectively. This study deals with the separate or combined effects of an extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic field (50 Hz, average magnetic field of 0.5 mT) for 7 days and global cerebral ischemia for 10 min on the morpho-functional features of pituitary adrenocorticotrophic (ACTH) and thyrotrophic (TSH) cells in 3-month-old gerbils. To determine the immediate and delayed effects of the applied stressors, measurements were made on the 7th and 14th days after the onset of the experiment. The ELF magnetic field and 10-min global cerebral ischemia, separately and particularly in combination, decreased (P < 0.05) the volume density of ACTH cells, while only in combination were intracellular ACTH content and plasma ACTH concentration increased (P < 0.05) on day 7. The ELF magnetic field elevated serum TSH concentration on day 7 and intracellular TSHβ content on day 14 (P < 0.05). Also, 10-min global cerebral ischemia alone increased serum TSH concentration (P < 0.05), while in combination with the ELF magnetic field it elevated (P < 0.05) intracellular TSHβ content on day 14. In conclusion, an ELF magnetic field and/or 10-min global cerebral ischemia can induce immediate and delayed stimulation of ACTH and TSH synthesis and secretion.",
publisher = "John Wiley & Sons, Ltd",
journal = "Bioelectromagnetics",
title = "An Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field and Global Cerebral Ischemia Affect Pituitary ACTH and TSH Cells in Gerbils",
number = "2",
volume = "41",
doi = "10.1002/bem.22237",
pages = "91-103"
}

Rauš Balind, S., Manojlović-Stojanoski, M., Šošić-Jurjević, B., Selaković, V., Milošević, V.,& Petković, B.. (2020). An Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field and Global Cerebral Ischemia Affect Pituitary ACTH and TSH Cells in Gerbils. in Bioelectromagnetics
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 41(2), 91-103.
https://doi.org/10.1002/bem.22237

Rauš Balind S, Manojlović-Stojanoski M, Šošić-Jurjević B, Selaković V, Milošević V, Petković B. An Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field and Global Cerebral Ischemia Affect Pituitary ACTH and TSH Cells in Gerbils. in Bioelectromagnetics. 2020;41(2):91-103.
doi:10.1002/bem.22237 .

Rauš Balind, Snežana, Manojlović-Stojanoski, Milica, Šošić-Jurjević, Branka , Selaković, Vesna, Milošević, Verica, Petković, Branka, "An Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field and Global Cerebral Ischemia Affect Pituitary ACTH and TSH Cells in Gerbils" in Bioelectromagnetics, 41, no. 2 (2020):91-103,
https://doi.org/10.1002/bem.22237 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Manojlović-Stojanoski, Milica
AU  - Nestorović, Nataša
AU  - Petković, Branka
AU  - Rauš Balind, Snežana
AU  - Ristić, Nataša
AU  - Trifunović, Svetlana
AU  - Ajdžanović, Vladimir
AU  - Filipović, Branko
AU  - Šošić-Jurjević, Branka 
AU  - Milošević, Verica
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040816619302952?via%3Dihub
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3494
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3495
AB  - Prenatal glucocorticoid overexposure could largely influence pituitary-adrenal activity and anxiety-like behavior in offspring. Our aim was to study the possible potentiating effect of moderate dose of fructose – common ingredient of today’s diet – on prenatal glucocorticoid treatment-induced hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis changes. Pregnant female rats were treated with multiple dexamethasone (Dx) doses (3 x 0.5 mg/kg/b.m. Dx; 16th-18th gestational day). Half of female offspring from control and Dx treated dams were supplemented with 10% fructose solution, from weaning till adulthood. Immunohistochemistry, unbiased stereological evaluation and hormonal analysis are used to provide the morpho-functional state of pituitary and adrenal gland. Anxiety-like behavior was assessed using the light/dark box test and the elevated plus maze test. Prenatally Dx exposed females, with or without fructose consumption, had markedly reduced adrenocortical volume (p < 0.05) comparing to controls. Increased basal plasma ACTH level in these females (p < 0.05) maintained corticosterone concentration at control level produced by smaller adrenal glands. In parallel, anxiety-like behavior was shown by both tests used. In conclusion, prenatal Dx exposure cause negative psychophysiological outcome reflected in increased HPA axis activity and anxiety behavior in female offspring, while moderately increased fructose consumption failed to evoke any alteration or to potentiate effects of prenatal Dx exposure.
T2  - Tissue and Cell
T1  - The effects of prenatal dexamethasone exposure and fructose challenge on pituitary-adrenocortical activity and anxiety-like behavior in female offspring
VL  - 62
DO  - 10.1016/J.TICE.2019.101309
SP  - 101309
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Manojlović-Stojanoski, Milica and Nestorović, Nataša and Petković, Branka and Rauš Balind, Snežana and Ristić, Nataša and Trifunović, Svetlana and Ajdžanović, Vladimir and Filipović, Branko and Šošić-Jurjević, Branka  and Milošević, Verica",
year = "2020",
abstract = "Prenatal glucocorticoid overexposure could largely influence pituitary-adrenal activity and anxiety-like behavior in offspring. Our aim was to study the possible potentiating effect of moderate dose of fructose – common ingredient of today’s diet – on prenatal glucocorticoid treatment-induced hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis changes. Pregnant female rats were treated with multiple dexamethasone (Dx) doses (3 x 0.5 mg/kg/b.m. Dx; 16th-18th gestational day). Half of female offspring from control and Dx treated dams were supplemented with 10% fructose solution, from weaning till adulthood. Immunohistochemistry, unbiased stereological evaluation and hormonal analysis are used to provide the morpho-functional state of pituitary and adrenal gland. Anxiety-like behavior was assessed using the light/dark box test and the elevated plus maze test. Prenatally Dx exposed females, with or without fructose consumption, had markedly reduced adrenocortical volume (p < 0.05) comparing to controls. Increased basal plasma ACTH level in these females (p < 0.05) maintained corticosterone concentration at control level produced by smaller adrenal glands. In parallel, anxiety-like behavior was shown by both tests used. In conclusion, prenatal Dx exposure cause negative psychophysiological outcome reflected in increased HPA axis activity and anxiety behavior in female offspring, while moderately increased fructose consumption failed to evoke any alteration or to potentiate effects of prenatal Dx exposure.",
journal = "Tissue and Cell",
title = "The effects of prenatal dexamethasone exposure and fructose challenge on pituitary-adrenocortical activity and anxiety-like behavior in female offspring",
volume = "62",
doi = "10.1016/J.TICE.2019.101309",
pages = "101309"
}

Manojlović-Stojanoski, M., Nestorović, N., Petković, B., Rauš Balind, S., Ristić, N., Trifunović, S., Ajdžanović, V., Filipović, B., Šošić-Jurjević, B.,& Milošević, V.. (2020). The effects of prenatal dexamethasone exposure and fructose challenge on pituitary-adrenocortical activity and anxiety-like behavior in female offspring. in Tissue and Cell, 62, 101309.
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TICE.2019.101309

Manojlović-Stojanoski M, Nestorović N, Petković B, Rauš Balind S, Ristić N, Trifunović S, Ajdžanović V, Filipović B, Šošić-Jurjević B, Milošević V. The effects of prenatal dexamethasone exposure and fructose challenge on pituitary-adrenocortical activity and anxiety-like behavior in female offspring. in Tissue and Cell. 2020;62:101309.
doi:10.1016/J.TICE.2019.101309 .

Manojlović-Stojanoski, Milica, Nestorović, Nataša, Petković, Branka, Rauš Balind, Snežana, Ristić, Nataša, Trifunović, Svetlana, Ajdžanović, Vladimir, Filipović, Branko, Šošić-Jurjević, Branka , Milošević, Verica, "The effects of prenatal dexamethasone exposure and fructose challenge on pituitary-adrenocortical activity and anxiety-like behavior in female offspring" in Tissue and Cell, 62 (2020):101309,
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TICE.2019.101309 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rauš Balind, Snežana
AU  - Manojlović-Stojanoski, Milica
AU  - Šošić-Jurjević, Branka 
AU  - Selaković, Vesna
AU  - Milošević, Verica
AU  - Petković, Branka
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/bem.22237
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3570
AB  - The neuroendocrine system can be modulated by a magnetic field and cerebral ischemia as external and internal stressors, respectively. This study deals with the separate or combined effects of an extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic field (50 Hz, average magnetic field of 0.5 mT) for 7 days and global cerebral ischemia for 10 min on the morpho-functional features of pituitary adrenocorticotrophic (ACTH) and thyrotrophic (TSH) cells in 3-month-old gerbils. To determine the immediate and delayed effects of the applied stressors, measurements were made on the 7th and 14th days after the onset of the experiment. The ELF magnetic field and 10-min global cerebral ischemia, separately and particularly in combination, decreased (P < 0.05) the volume density of ACTH cells, while only in combination were intracellular ACTH content and plasma ACTH concentration increased (P < 0.05) on day 7. The ELF magnetic field elevated serum TSH concentration on day 7 and intracellular TSHβ content on day 14 (P < 0.05). Also, 10-min global cerebral ischemia alone increased serum TSH concentration (P < 0.05), while in combination with the ELF magnetic field it elevated (P < 0.05) intracellular TSHβ content on day 14. In conclusion, an ELF magnetic field and/or 10-min global cerebral ischemia can induce immediate and delayed stimulation of ACTH and TSH synthesis and secretion.
PB  - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
T2  - Bioelectromagnetics
T1  - An Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field and Global Cerebral Ischemia Affect Pituitary ACTH and TSH Cells in Gerbils
IS  - 2
VL  - 41
DO  - 10.1002/bem.22237
SP  - 91
EP  - 103
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Rauš Balind, Snežana and Manojlović-Stojanoski, Milica and Šošić-Jurjević, Branka  and Selaković, Vesna and Milošević, Verica and Petković, Branka",
year = "2020",
abstract = "The neuroendocrine system can be modulated by a magnetic field and cerebral ischemia as external and internal stressors, respectively. This study deals with the separate or combined effects of an extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic field (50 Hz, average magnetic field of 0.5 mT) for 7 days and global cerebral ischemia for 10 min on the morpho-functional features of pituitary adrenocorticotrophic (ACTH) and thyrotrophic (TSH) cells in 3-month-old gerbils. To determine the immediate and delayed effects of the applied stressors, measurements were made on the 7th and 14th days after the onset of the experiment. The ELF magnetic field and 10-min global cerebral ischemia, separately and particularly in combination, decreased (P < 0.05) the volume density of ACTH cells, while only in combination were intracellular ACTH content and plasma ACTH concentration increased (P < 0.05) on day 7. The ELF magnetic field elevated serum TSH concentration on day 7 and intracellular TSHβ content on day 14 (P < 0.05). Also, 10-min global cerebral ischemia alone increased serum TSH concentration (P < 0.05), while in combination with the ELF magnetic field it elevated (P < 0.05) intracellular TSHβ content on day 14. In conclusion, an ELF magnetic field and/or 10-min global cerebral ischemia can induce immediate and delayed stimulation of ACTH and TSH synthesis and secretion.",
publisher = "John Wiley & Sons, Ltd",
journal = "Bioelectromagnetics",
title = "An Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field and Global Cerebral Ischemia Affect Pituitary ACTH and TSH Cells in Gerbils",
number = "2",
volume = "41",
doi = "10.1002/bem.22237",
pages = "91-103"
}

Rauš Balind, S., Manojlović-Stojanoski, M., Šošić-Jurjević, B., Selaković, V., Milošević, V.,& Petković, B.. (2020). An Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field and Global Cerebral Ischemia Affect Pituitary ACTH and TSH Cells in Gerbils. in Bioelectromagnetics
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 41(2), 91-103.
https://doi.org/10.1002/bem.22237

Rauš Balind S, Manojlović-Stojanoski M, Šošić-Jurjević B, Selaković V, Milošević V, Petković B. An Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field and Global Cerebral Ischemia Affect Pituitary ACTH and TSH Cells in Gerbils. in Bioelectromagnetics. 2020;41(2):91-103.
doi:10.1002/bem.22237 .

Rauš Balind, Snežana, Manojlović-Stojanoski, Milica, Šošić-Jurjević, Branka , Selaković, Vesna, Milošević, Verica, Petković, Branka, "An Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field and Global Cerebral Ischemia Affect Pituitary ACTH and TSH Cells in Gerbils" in Bioelectromagnetics, 41, no. 2 (2020):91-103,
https://doi.org/10.1002/bem.22237 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Manojlović-Stojanoski, Milica
AU  - Nestorović, Nataša
AU  - Petković, Branka
AU  - Rauš Balind, Snežana
AU  - Ristić, Nataša
AU  - Trifunović, Svetlana
AU  - Ajdžanović, Vladimir
AU  - Filipović, Branko
AU  - Šošić-Jurjević, Branka 
AU  - Milošević, Verica
PY  - 2020
UR  - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040816619302952?via%3Dihub
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3494
AB  - Prenatal glucocorticoid overexposure could largely influence pituitary-adrenal activity and anxiety-like behavior in offspring. Our aim was to study the possible potentiating effect of moderate dose of fructose – common ingredient of today’s diet – on prenatal glucocorticoid treatment-induced hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis changes. Pregnant female rats were treated with multiple dexamethasone (Dx) doses (3 x 0.5 mg/kg/b.m. Dx; 16th-18th gestational day). Half of female offspring from control and Dx treated dams were supplemented with 10% fructose solution, from weaning till adulthood. Immunohistochemistry, unbiased stereological evaluation and hormonal analysis are used to provide the morpho-functional state of pituitary and adrenal gland. Anxiety-like behavior was assessed using the light/dark box test and the elevated plus maze test. Prenatally Dx exposed females, with or without fructose consumption, had markedly reduced adrenocortical volume (p < 0.05) comparing to controls. Increased basal plasma ACTH level in these females (p < 0.05) maintained corticosterone concentration at control level produced by smaller adrenal glands. In parallel, anxiety-like behavior was shown by both tests used. In conclusion, prenatal Dx exposure cause negative psychophysiological outcome reflected in increased HPA axis activity and anxiety behavior in female offspring, while moderately increased fructose consumption failed to evoke any alteration or to potentiate effects of prenatal Dx exposure.
T2  - Tissue and Cell
T1  - The effects of prenatal dexamethasone exposure and fructose challenge on pituitary-adrenocortical activity and anxiety-like behavior in female offspring
VL  - 62
DO  - 10.1016/J.TICE.2019.101309
SP  - 101309
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Manojlović-Stojanoski, Milica and Nestorović, Nataša and Petković, Branka and Rauš Balind, Snežana and Ristić, Nataša and Trifunović, Svetlana and Ajdžanović, Vladimir and Filipović, Branko and Šošić-Jurjević, Branka  and Milošević, Verica",
year = "2020",
abstract = "Prenatal glucocorticoid overexposure could largely influence pituitary-adrenal activity and anxiety-like behavior in offspring. Our aim was to study the possible potentiating effect of moderate dose of fructose – common ingredient of today’s diet – on prenatal glucocorticoid treatment-induced hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis changes. Pregnant female rats were treated with multiple dexamethasone (Dx) doses (3 x 0.5 mg/kg/b.m. Dx; 16th-18th gestational day). Half of female offspring from control and Dx treated dams were supplemented with 10% fructose solution, from weaning till adulthood. Immunohistochemistry, unbiased stereological evaluation and hormonal analysis are used to provide the morpho-functional state of pituitary and adrenal gland. Anxiety-like behavior was assessed using the light/dark box test and the elevated plus maze test. Prenatally Dx exposed females, with or without fructose consumption, had markedly reduced adrenocortical volume (p < 0.05) comparing to controls. Increased basal plasma ACTH level in these females (p < 0.05) maintained corticosterone concentration at control level produced by smaller adrenal glands. In parallel, anxiety-like behavior was shown by both tests used. In conclusion, prenatal Dx exposure cause negative psychophysiological outcome reflected in increased HPA axis activity and anxiety behavior in female offspring, while moderately increased fructose consumption failed to evoke any alteration or to potentiate effects of prenatal Dx exposure.",
journal = "Tissue and Cell",
title = "The effects of prenatal dexamethasone exposure and fructose challenge on pituitary-adrenocortical activity and anxiety-like behavior in female offspring",
volume = "62",
doi = "10.1016/J.TICE.2019.101309",
pages = "101309"
}

Manojlović-Stojanoski, M., Nestorović, N., Petković, B., Rauš Balind, S., Ristić, N., Trifunović, S., Ajdžanović, V., Filipović, B., Šošić-Jurjević, B.,& Milošević, V.. (2020). The effects of prenatal dexamethasone exposure and fructose challenge on pituitary-adrenocortical activity and anxiety-like behavior in female offspring. in Tissue and Cell, 62, 101309.
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TICE.2019.101309

Manojlović-Stojanoski M, Nestorović N, Petković B, Rauš Balind S, Ristić N, Trifunović S, Ajdžanović V, Filipović B, Šošić-Jurjević B, Milošević V. The effects of prenatal dexamethasone exposure and fructose challenge on pituitary-adrenocortical activity and anxiety-like behavior in female offspring. in Tissue and Cell. 2020;62:101309.
doi:10.1016/J.TICE.2019.101309 .

Manojlović-Stojanoski, Milica, Nestorović, Nataša, Petković, Branka, Rauš Balind, Snežana, Ristić, Nataša, Trifunović, Svetlana, Ajdžanović, Vladimir, Filipović, Branko, Šošić-Jurjević, Branka , Milošević, Verica, "The effects of prenatal dexamethasone exposure and fructose challenge on pituitary-adrenocortical activity and anxiety-like behavior in female offspring" in Tissue and Cell, 62 (2020):101309,
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TICE.2019.101309 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Trifunović, Svetlana
AU  - Manojlović-Stojanoski, Milica
AU  - Ristić, Nataša
AU  - Šošić-Jurjević, Branka 
AU  - Rauš Balind, Snežana
AU  - Brajković, Gordana
AU  - Perčinić-Popovska, Florina
AU  - Milošević, Verica
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6105
AB  - Exposure to alcohol alters many physiological processes, including endocrine status. The present study examined whether prolonged alcohol (A) exposure could modulate selected stereological and hormonal aspects of pituitary somatotrophs (growth hormone-GH cells) and corticotrophs (adrenocorticotropic hormone-ACTH cells) in adult rats. Changes in pituitary gland volume; the volume density, total number and volume of GH and ACTH cells following alcohol exposure were evaluated using a stereological system (newCAST), while peripheral GH and ACTH levels were determined biochemically. Our results demonstrated the reduction (p < 0.05) of the volume density (37%) and volume of GH cells (29%) in the group A. Also, there was a tendency for the total number of GH cells to be smaller in the group A. Serum GH level was significantly decreased (p < 0.05; 70%) in the group A when compared to control values. Moreover, prolonged alcohol exposure induced declines (p < 0.05) in volume density (24%) and volume of ACTH cells (29%). The total number of ACTH cells and ACTH level were higher (p < 0.05; 42%) in the group A than in control rats. Collectively, these results indicate that prolonged alcohol exposure leads not only to changes in GH and ACTH hormone levels, but also to alterations of the morphological aspects of GH and ACTH cells within the pituitary.
PB  - Elsevier
T2  - Acta Histochemica
T1  - Effects of prolonged alcohol exposure on somatotrophs and corticotrophs in adult rats: Stereological and hormonal study
IS  - 4
VL  - 118
DO  - 10.1016/j.acthis.2016.03.005
SP  - 353
EP  - 360
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Trifunović, Svetlana and Manojlović-Stojanoski, Milica and Ristić, Nataša and Šošić-Jurjević, Branka  and Rauš Balind, Snežana and Brajković, Gordana and Perčinić-Popovska, Florina and Milošević, Verica",
year = "2016",
abstract = "Exposure to alcohol alters many physiological processes, including endocrine status. The present study examined whether prolonged alcohol (A) exposure could modulate selected stereological and hormonal aspects of pituitary somatotrophs (growth hormone-GH cells) and corticotrophs (adrenocorticotropic hormone-ACTH cells) in adult rats. Changes in pituitary gland volume; the volume density, total number and volume of GH and ACTH cells following alcohol exposure were evaluated using a stereological system (newCAST), while peripheral GH and ACTH levels were determined biochemically. Our results demonstrated the reduction (p < 0.05) of the volume density (37%) and volume of GH cells (29%) in the group A. Also, there was a tendency for the total number of GH cells to be smaller in the group A. Serum GH level was significantly decreased (p < 0.05; 70%) in the group A when compared to control values. Moreover, prolonged alcohol exposure induced declines (p < 0.05) in volume density (24%) and volume of ACTH cells (29%). The total number of ACTH cells and ACTH level were higher (p < 0.05; 42%) in the group A than in control rats. Collectively, these results indicate that prolonged alcohol exposure leads not only to changes in GH and ACTH hormone levels, but also to alterations of the morphological aspects of GH and ACTH cells within the pituitary.",
publisher = "Elsevier",
journal = "Acta Histochemica",
title = "Effects of prolonged alcohol exposure on somatotrophs and corticotrophs in adult rats: Stereological and hormonal study",
number = "4",
volume = "118",
doi = "10.1016/j.acthis.2016.03.005",
pages = "353-360"
}

Trifunović, S., Manojlović-Stojanoski, M., Ristić, N., Šošić-Jurjević, B., Rauš Balind, S., Brajković, G., Perčinić-Popovska, F.,& Milošević, V.. (2016). Effects of prolonged alcohol exposure on somatotrophs and corticotrophs in adult rats: Stereological and hormonal study. in Acta Histochemica
Elsevier., 118(4), 353-360.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acthis.2016.03.005

Trifunović S, Manojlović-Stojanoski M, Ristić N, Šošić-Jurjević B, Rauš Balind S, Brajković G, Perčinić-Popovska F, Milošević V. Effects of prolonged alcohol exposure on somatotrophs and corticotrophs in adult rats: Stereological and hormonal study. in Acta Histochemica. 2016;118(4):353-360.
doi:10.1016/j.acthis.2016.03.005 .

Trifunović, Svetlana, Manojlović-Stojanoski, Milica, Ristić, Nataša, Šošić-Jurjević, Branka , Rauš Balind, Snežana, Brajković, Gordana, Perčinić-Popovska, Florina, Milošević, Verica, "Effects of prolonged alcohol exposure on somatotrophs and corticotrophs in adult rats: Stereological and hormonal study" in Acta Histochemica, 118, no. 4 (2016):353-360,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acthis.2016.03.005 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rauš Balind, Snežana
AU  - Manojlović-Stojanoski, Milica
AU  - Milošević, Verica
AU  - Todorović, Dajana
AU  - Nikolić, Ljiljana
AU  - Petković, Branka
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/tox.22059
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3776
AB  - The aim of the present study was to determine does extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF, 50 Hz, 0.5 mT) affect pituitary adrenocorticotroph (ACTH) cells in adult animals. We performed two series of experiments: (1) short-term exposure of 3-month-old rats to ELF-MF for 1 and 7 days, and (2) long-term exposure of rats to ELF-MF from their conception to 3 months of age. Stereological study was performed on immunolabeled pituitary ACTH cells. The total number and volume of ACTH cells, the volume of their nuclei and pituitary volume were measured. ELF-MF exposure for 1 day significantly decreased total number and volume of ACTH cells, the volume of their nuclei, as well as pituitary volume. ELF-MF exposure for 7 days significantly reduced only the volume of ACTH cells. Life-long exposure to ELF-MF induced decrease in the volume of ACTH cells and pituitary volume. We can conclude that the applied ELF-MF has a strong influence on morphometrical parameters of the pituitary ACTH cells and could be considered as a stressogenic factor.
PB  - John Wiley and Sons Inc.
T2  - Environmental Toxicology
T1  - Short- and Long-Term Exposure to Alternating Magnetic Field (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) Affects Rat Pituitary ACTH Cells: Stereological Study
IS  - 4
VL  - 31
DO  - 10.1002/tox.22059
SP  - 461
EP  - 468
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Rauš Balind, Snežana and Manojlović-Stojanoski, Milica and Milošević, Verica and Todorović, Dajana and Nikolić, Ljiljana and Petković, Branka",
year = "2016",
abstract = "The aim of the present study was to determine does extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF, 50 Hz, 0.5 mT) affect pituitary adrenocorticotroph (ACTH) cells in adult animals. We performed two series of experiments: (1) short-term exposure of 3-month-old rats to ELF-MF for 1 and 7 days, and (2) long-term exposure of rats to ELF-MF from their conception to 3 months of age. Stereological study was performed on immunolabeled pituitary ACTH cells. The total number and volume of ACTH cells, the volume of their nuclei and pituitary volume were measured. ELF-MF exposure for 1 day significantly decreased total number and volume of ACTH cells, the volume of their nuclei, as well as pituitary volume. ELF-MF exposure for 7 days significantly reduced only the volume of ACTH cells. Life-long exposure to ELF-MF induced decrease in the volume of ACTH cells and pituitary volume. We can conclude that the applied ELF-MF has a strong influence on morphometrical parameters of the pituitary ACTH cells and could be considered as a stressogenic factor.",
publisher = "John Wiley and Sons Inc.",
journal = "Environmental Toxicology",
title = "Short- and Long-Term Exposure to Alternating Magnetic Field (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) Affects Rat Pituitary ACTH Cells: Stereological Study",
number = "4",
volume = "31",
doi = "10.1002/tox.22059",
pages = "461-468"
}

Rauš Balind, S., Manojlović-Stojanoski, M., Milošević, V., Todorović, D., Nikolić, L.,& Petković, B.. (2016). Short- and Long-Term Exposure to Alternating Magnetic Field (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) Affects Rat Pituitary ACTH Cells: Stereological Study. in Environmental Toxicology
John Wiley and Sons Inc.., 31(4), 461-468.
https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.22059

Rauš Balind S, Manojlović-Stojanoski M, Milošević V, Todorović D, Nikolić L, Petković B. Short- and Long-Term Exposure to Alternating Magnetic Field (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) Affects Rat Pituitary ACTH Cells: Stereological Study. in Environmental Toxicology. 2016;31(4):461-468.
doi:10.1002/tox.22059 .

Rauš Balind, Snežana, Manojlović-Stojanoski, Milica, Milošević, Verica, Todorović, Dajana, Nikolić, Ljiljana, Petković, Branka, "Short- and Long-Term Exposure to Alternating Magnetic Field (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) Affects Rat Pituitary ACTH Cells: Stereological Study" in Environmental Toxicology, 31, no. 4 (2016):461-468,
https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.22059 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Balind, Snežana
AU  - Manojlović-Stojanoski, Milica
AU  - Milošević, Verica
AU  - Todorović, Dajana
AU  - Nikolić, Ljiljana
AU  - Petković, Branka
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4026
AB  - Presence of an alternating magnetic field of extremely low frequency (ELF-MF, <300
Hz) is correlated with technological development in a modem world. ELF-MF shows
its influence on different cell types and organs and leads to changes in ion cuffents, neurotransmission
and behavior. Modern medicine uses some positive aspects of ELF-MF
action for treating some conditions like anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia. Bearing
in mind that hlpothalamo-pituitary- adrenal (HPA) axis is a system responsible for maintaining
homeostasis in organisms, the aim of the present study was to determine does
extremely low frequency magnetic field (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) affect pituitary adrenocorticotroph
(ACTH) cells in adult animals. The following experiments were perfonned: 3
month old rats were shofi-term exposed to ELF-MF either for I or 7 days, while longterm
exposure to ELF-MF was conducted on rats from their conception to 3 months of
age. Stereological analysis was performed on immunolabeled pituitary ACTH cells.
Specifically, we measured total number and volume ofACTH cells, the volume of theiL
nuclei and pituitary volume. Obtained data showed that ELF-MF exposure for 1 da1'
significantly decreased total number and volume of ACTH cells, the volume of their
nuclei, as well as pituitary volume. Furlhermore, 7 days ELF-MF exposure significantir
reduced only the ACTH cells volume. Life-long exposure to ELF-MF decreased thc
volume of ACTH cells as well as the pituitary volume. Based on these results we can
conclude that the applied ELF-MF has a strong influence on the pituitary ACTH cells
tnotphometrical parameters and could be characterized as a stressogenic factor.
PB  - Belgrade: Serbian Physiological Society
C3  - 3rd Congress of Physiological Sciences of Serbia With International Participation
T1  - Exposure to alternating magnetic field (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) affects rat pituitary ACTH cells
SP  - 178
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_4026
ER  - 

@conference{
editor = "Đurić, Dragan, Jakovljević, Vladimir",
author = "Balind, Snežana and Manojlović-Stojanoski, Milica and Milošević, Verica and Todorović, Dajana and Nikolić, Ljiljana and Petković, Branka",
year = "2014",
abstract = "Presence of an alternating magnetic field of extremely low frequency (ELF-MF, <300
Hz) is correlated with technological development in a modem world. ELF-MF shows
its influence on different cell types and organs and leads to changes in ion cuffents, neurotransmission
and behavior. Modern medicine uses some positive aspects of ELF-MF
action for treating some conditions like anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia. Bearing
in mind that hlpothalamo-pituitary- adrenal (HPA) axis is a system responsible for maintaining
homeostasis in organisms, the aim of the present study was to determine does
extremely low frequency magnetic field (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) affect pituitary adrenocorticotroph
(ACTH) cells in adult animals. The following experiments were perfonned: 3
month old rats were shofi-term exposed to ELF-MF either for I or 7 days, while longterm
exposure to ELF-MF was conducted on rats from their conception to 3 months of
age. Stereological analysis was performed on immunolabeled pituitary ACTH cells.
Specifically, we measured total number and volume ofACTH cells, the volume of theiL
nuclei and pituitary volume. Obtained data showed that ELF-MF exposure for 1 da1'
significantly decreased total number and volume of ACTH cells, the volume of their
nuclei, as well as pituitary volume. Furlhermore, 7 days ELF-MF exposure significantir
reduced only the ACTH cells volume. Life-long exposure to ELF-MF decreased thc
volume of ACTH cells as well as the pituitary volume. Based on these results we can
conclude that the applied ELF-MF has a strong influence on the pituitary ACTH cells
tnotphometrical parameters and could be characterized as a stressogenic factor.",
publisher = "Belgrade: Serbian Physiological Society",
journal = "3rd Congress of Physiological Sciences of Serbia With International Participation",
title = "Exposure to alternating magnetic field (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) affects rat pituitary ACTH cells",
pages = "178",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_4026"
}

Đurić, D., Jakovljević, V., Balind, S., Manojlović-Stojanoski, M., Milošević, V., Todorović, D., Nikolić, L.,& Petković, B.. (2014). Exposure to alternating magnetic field (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) affects rat pituitary ACTH cells. in 3rd Congress of Physiological Sciences of Serbia With International Participation
Belgrade: Serbian Physiological Society., 178.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_4026

Đurić D, Jakovljević V, Balind S, Manojlović-Stojanoski M, Milošević V, Todorović D, Nikolić L, Petković B. Exposure to alternating magnetic field (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) affects rat pituitary ACTH cells. in 3rd Congress of Physiological Sciences of Serbia With International Participation. 2014;:178.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_4026 .

Đurić, Dragan, Jakovljević, Vladimir, Balind, Snežana, Manojlović-Stojanoski, Milica, Milošević, Verica, Todorović, Dajana, Nikolić, Ljiljana, Petković, Branka, "Exposure to alternating magnetic field (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) affects rat pituitary ACTH cells" in 3rd Congress of Physiological Sciences of Serbia With International Participation (2014):178,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_4026 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Nikolić, Ljiljana
AU  - Bataveljić, Danijela
AU  - Moldovan, Ivana
AU  - Balind, Snežana
AU  - Todorović, Dajana
AU  - Nedeljković, Miodrag
AU  - Petković, Branka
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4028
AB  - Hibernation is a physiological state that enables certain animal species to survive severe
environmental conditions during the cold periods. In hibernation state the brain activity
is maintained at a very low, but functionally responsive level, indicating that neurons
and glial cells undergo certain physiological modifications. These modifications should
be characterized as a neuroprotective, since the brain of hibernated animals endures extreme
physiological conditions without any damage. In the present study we examined
the electrophysiological responses of neurons and glial cells all acutely isolated from
active and hibernating land snail Helix pomatia by the patch-clamp technique. Hibernating
state lasted six months. Data obtained revealed that the steady-state outward neuronal
current density was significantly lower in hibernation. In addition, the fast Na+
inward current density was significantly reduced in the population of isolated hibernated
neurons, indicating that neuronal activity is suppressed in hibernation. The lower neuronal
activity was supported by the suppressed electrophysiological response of glial
cells. Thus, hibernated glia had significantly lower specific membrane conductance and
reduced inward current density compared to active glia. Particularly important was the
modification of the glial inwardly rectifuing potassium (Kir) channel activity, essential
for the coupling of the function of glial cells with neuronal activity. Thus, in the presence
of BaCl2, Ba2+-sensitive current density mediated by the glial Kir channels was significantly
lower in hibernation. Altogether, our data indicate that overall suppression of
neuronal and glial activity is important natural neuroprotective strategy necessary.
PB  - Belgrade: Serbian Physiological Society
C3  - 3rd Congress of Physiological Sciences of Serbia With International Participation
T1  - Modified Electrophysiological Responses of Neurons and Glial Cells Acutely Isolated From The Hibernating Land Snail
SP  - 149
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_4028
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Nikolić, Ljiljana and Bataveljić, Danijela and Moldovan, Ivana and Balind, Snežana and Todorović, Dajana and Nedeljković, Miodrag and Petković, Branka",
year = "2014",
abstract = "Hibernation is a physiological state that enables certain animal species to survive severe
environmental conditions during the cold periods. In hibernation state the brain activity
is maintained at a very low, but functionally responsive level, indicating that neurons
and glial cells undergo certain physiological modifications. These modifications should
be characterized as a neuroprotective, since the brain of hibernated animals endures extreme
physiological conditions without any damage. In the present study we examined
the electrophysiological responses of neurons and glial cells all acutely isolated from
active and hibernating land snail Helix pomatia by the patch-clamp technique. Hibernating
state lasted six months. Data obtained revealed that the steady-state outward neuronal
current density was significantly lower in hibernation. In addition, the fast Na+
inward current density was significantly reduced in the population of isolated hibernated
neurons, indicating that neuronal activity is suppressed in hibernation. The lower neuronal
activity was supported by the suppressed electrophysiological response of glial
cells. Thus, hibernated glia had significantly lower specific membrane conductance and
reduced inward current density compared to active glia. Particularly important was the
modification of the glial inwardly rectifuing potassium (Kir) channel activity, essential
for the coupling of the function of glial cells with neuronal activity. Thus, in the presence
of BaCl2, Ba2+-sensitive current density mediated by the glial Kir channels was significantly
lower in hibernation. Altogether, our data indicate that overall suppression of
neuronal and glial activity is important natural neuroprotective strategy necessary.",
publisher = "Belgrade: Serbian Physiological Society",
journal = "3rd Congress of Physiological Sciences of Serbia With International Participation",
title = "Modified Electrophysiological Responses of Neurons and Glial Cells Acutely Isolated From The Hibernating Land Snail",
pages = "149",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_4028"
}

Nikolić, L., Bataveljić, D., Moldovan, I., Balind, S., Todorović, D., Nedeljković, M.,& Petković, B.. (2014). Modified Electrophysiological Responses of Neurons and Glial Cells Acutely Isolated From The Hibernating Land Snail. in 3rd Congress of Physiological Sciences of Serbia With International Participation
Belgrade: Serbian Physiological Society., 149.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_4028

Nikolić L, Bataveljić D, Moldovan I, Balind S, Todorović D, Nedeljković M, Petković B. Modified Electrophysiological Responses of Neurons and Glial Cells Acutely Isolated From The Hibernating Land Snail. in 3rd Congress of Physiological Sciences of Serbia With International Participation. 2014;:149.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_4028 .

Nikolić, Ljiljana, Bataveljić, Danijela, Moldovan, Ivana, Balind, Snežana, Todorović, Dajana, Nedeljković, Miodrag, Petković, Branka, "Modified Electrophysiological Responses of Neurons and Glial Cells Acutely Isolated From The Hibernating Land Snail" in 3rd Congress of Physiological Sciences of Serbia With International Participation (2014):149,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_4028 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rauš Balind, Snežana
AU  - Selaković, Vesna
AU  - Radenović, Lidija
AU  - Prolić, Zlatko
AU  - Petković, Branka
PY  - 2014
UR  - https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0088921
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3788
AB  - Magnetic field as ecological factor has influence on all living beings. The aim of this study was to determine if extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF, 50 Hz, 0.5 mT) affects oxidative stress in the brain of gerbils submitted to 10-min global cerebral ischemia. After occlusion of both carotid arteries, 3-month-old gerbils were continuously exposed to ELF-MF for 7 days. Nitric oxide and superoxide anion production, superoxide dismutase activity and index of lipid peroxidation were examined in the forebrain cortex, striatum and hippocampus on the 7th (immediate effect of ELF-MF) and 14th day after reperfusion (delayed effect of ELF-MF). Ischemia per se increased oxidative stress in the brain on the 7th and 14th day after reperfusion. ELF-MF also increased oxidative stress, but to a greater extent than ischemia, only immediately after cessation of exposure. Ischemic gerbils exposed to ELF-MF had increased oxidative stress parameters on the 7th day after reperfusion, but to a lesser extent than ischemic or ELF-MF-exposed animals. On the 14th day after reperfusion, oxidative stress parameters in the brain of these gerbils were mostly at the control levels. Applied ELF-MF decreases oxidative stress induced by global cerebral ischemia and thereby reduces possible negative consequences which free radical species could have in the brain. The results presented here indicate a beneficial effect of ELF-MF (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) in the model of global cerebral ischemia.
PB  - Public Library of Science
T2  - PLoS One
T1  - Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) Reduces Oxidative Stress in the Brain of Gerbils Submitted to Global Cerebral Ischemia
IS  - 2
IS  - 2
VL  - 9
DO  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0088921
SP  - e88921
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Rauš Balind, Snežana and Selaković, Vesna and Radenović, Lidija and Prolić, Zlatko and Petković, Branka",
year = "2014",
abstract = "Magnetic field as ecological factor has influence on all living beings. The aim of this study was to determine if extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF, 50 Hz, 0.5 mT) affects oxidative stress in the brain of gerbils submitted to 10-min global cerebral ischemia. After occlusion of both carotid arteries, 3-month-old gerbils were continuously exposed to ELF-MF for 7 days. Nitric oxide and superoxide anion production, superoxide dismutase activity and index of lipid peroxidation were examined in the forebrain cortex, striatum and hippocampus on the 7th (immediate effect of ELF-MF) and 14th day after reperfusion (delayed effect of ELF-MF). Ischemia per se increased oxidative stress in the brain on the 7th and 14th day after reperfusion. ELF-MF also increased oxidative stress, but to a greater extent than ischemia, only immediately after cessation of exposure. Ischemic gerbils exposed to ELF-MF had increased oxidative stress parameters on the 7th day after reperfusion, but to a lesser extent than ischemic or ELF-MF-exposed animals. On the 14th day after reperfusion, oxidative stress parameters in the brain of these gerbils were mostly at the control levels. Applied ELF-MF decreases oxidative stress induced by global cerebral ischemia and thereby reduces possible negative consequences which free radical species could have in the brain. The results presented here indicate a beneficial effect of ELF-MF (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) in the model of global cerebral ischemia.",
publisher = "Public Library of Science",
journal = "PLoS One",
title = "Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) Reduces Oxidative Stress in the Brain of Gerbils Submitted to Global Cerebral Ischemia",
number = "2, 2",
volume = "9",
doi = "10.1371/journal.pone.0088921",
pages = "e88921"
}

Rauš Balind, S., Selaković, V., Radenović, L., Prolić, Z.,& Petković, B.. (2014). Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) Reduces Oxidative Stress in the Brain of Gerbils Submitted to Global Cerebral Ischemia. in PLoS One
Public Library of Science., 9(2), e88921.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088921

Rauš Balind S, Selaković V, Radenović L, Prolić Z, Petković B. Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) Reduces Oxidative Stress in the Brain of Gerbils Submitted to Global Cerebral Ischemia. in PLoS One. 2014;9(2):e88921.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0088921 .

Rauš Balind, Snežana, Selaković, Vesna, Radenović, Lidija, Prolić, Zlatko, Petković, Branka, "Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) Reduces Oxidative Stress in the Brain of Gerbils Submitted to Global Cerebral Ischemia" in PLoS One, 9, no. 2 (2014):e88921,
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088921 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Selaković, Vesna
AU  - Rauš Balind, Snežana
AU  - Radenović, Lidija
AU  - Prolić, Zlatko
AU  - Petković, Branka
PY  - 2013
UR  - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12013-012-9498-z
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3785
AB  - The aim of study was to investigate the effects of extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF; 50 Hz; 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 mT) on oxidative stress in the brain of 3- (adult) and 10-month-old (middle-aged) gerbils. Nitric oxide (NO) level, superoxide (O2-) production, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and index of lipid peroxidation (ILP) were measured in the forebrain cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and cerebellum immediately and 3 days after cessation of 7-day exposure. In all gerbils, ELF-MF significantly increased oxidative stress in all tested brain regions. This effect was correlated with the value of magnetic induction and was higher in middle-aged gerbils. Three days after cessation of exposure, the values of examined parameters were closer to control levels. In adult gerbils, the effect of ELF-MF of 0.1 mT on NO level, O2- production and SOD activity was almost fully disappeared, and ILP was at the control level regardless of the value of magnetic induction. In middle-aged gerbils, the effect of ELF-MF was still present but to a lesser degree than those observed immediately after cessation of exposure. These findings pointed out the ability of ELF-MF to induce age- and magnetic induction-dependent modification of oxidative stress in the brain.
PB  - Humana Press Inc.
T2  - Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics
T1  - Age-Dependent Effects of ELF-MF on Oxidative Stress in the Brain of Mongolian Gerbils
IS  - 3
VL  - 66
DO  - 10.1007/s12013-012-9498-z
SP  - 513
EP  - 521
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Selaković, Vesna and Rauš Balind, Snežana and Radenović, Lidija and Prolić, Zlatko and Petković, Branka",
year = "2013",
abstract = "The aim of study was to investigate the effects of extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF; 50 Hz; 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 mT) on oxidative stress in the brain of 3- (adult) and 10-month-old (middle-aged) gerbils. Nitric oxide (NO) level, superoxide (O2-) production, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and index of lipid peroxidation (ILP) were measured in the forebrain cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and cerebellum immediately and 3 days after cessation of 7-day exposure. In all gerbils, ELF-MF significantly increased oxidative stress in all tested brain regions. This effect was correlated with the value of magnetic induction and was higher in middle-aged gerbils. Three days after cessation of exposure, the values of examined parameters were closer to control levels. In adult gerbils, the effect of ELF-MF of 0.1 mT on NO level, O2- production and SOD activity was almost fully disappeared, and ILP was at the control level regardless of the value of magnetic induction. In middle-aged gerbils, the effect of ELF-MF was still present but to a lesser degree than those observed immediately after cessation of exposure. These findings pointed out the ability of ELF-MF to induce age- and magnetic induction-dependent modification of oxidative stress in the brain.",
publisher = "Humana Press Inc.",
journal = "Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics",
title = "Age-Dependent Effects of ELF-MF on Oxidative Stress in the Brain of Mongolian Gerbils",
number = "3",
volume = "66",
doi = "10.1007/s12013-012-9498-z",
pages = "513-521"
}

Selaković, V., Rauš Balind, S., Radenović, L., Prolić, Z.,& Petković, B.. (2013). Age-Dependent Effects of ELF-MF on Oxidative Stress in the Brain of Mongolian Gerbils. in Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics
Humana Press Inc.., 66(3), 513-521.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-012-9498-z

Selaković V, Rauš Balind S, Radenović L, Prolić Z, Petković B. Age-Dependent Effects of ELF-MF on Oxidative Stress in the Brain of Mongolian Gerbils. in Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics. 2013;66(3):513-521.
doi:10.1007/s12013-012-9498-z .

Selaković, Vesna, Rauš Balind, Snežana, Radenović, Lidija, Prolić, Zlatko, Petković, Branka, "Age-Dependent Effects of ELF-MF on Oxidative Stress in the Brain of Mongolian Gerbils" in Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics, 66, no. 3 (2013):513-521,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-012-9498-z . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rauš Balind, Snežana
AU  - Selaković, Vesna
AU  - Manojlović-Stojanoski, Milica
AU  - Radenović, Lidija
AU  - Prolić, Zlatko
AU  - Petković, Branka
PY  - 2013
UR  - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12640-012-9333-8
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3783
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine whether exposure to an extremely low-frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF, 50 Hz) affects the outcome of postischemic damage in the hippocampus of Mongolian gerbils. After 10-min bilateral carotid occlusion, the gerbils were continuously exposed to ELF-MF (average magnetic induction at the center of the cage was 0.5 mT) for 7 days. The impact of ELF-MF was estimated immediately (the 7th day after reperfusion) and 7 days after cessation of exposure (the 14th day after reperfusion) compared with ischemic gerbils without ELF-MF exposure. Applying stereological methods, histological evaluation of changes in the hippocampus was done for determining its volume, volume densities of degenerating neurons and astrocytes, as well as the number of microglial cells per unit area. ELF-MF per se did not induce any morphological changes, while 10-min global cerebral ischemia led to neuronal death, especially in CA1 region of the hippocampus, as expected. Ischemic gerbils exposed to ELF-MF had significantly a lower degree of cell loss in the examined structure and greater responses of astrocytes and microglial cells than postischemic gerbils without exposure on the seventh day after reperfusion (immediate effect of ELF-MF). Similar response was observed on the 14th day after reperfusion (delayed effect of ELF-MF); however, differences in measured parameters were low and insignificant. Applied ELF-MF has possible neuroprotective function in the hippocampus, as the most sensitive brain structure in the model of global cerebral ischemia, through reduction of neuronal death and activation of astrocytes and microglial cells.
PB  - Springer
T2  - Neurotoxicity Research
T1  - Response of Hippocampal Neurons and Glial Cells to Alternating Magnetic Field in Gerbils Submitted to Global Cerebral Ischemia
IS  - 1
VL  - 23
DO  - 10.1007/s12640-012-9333-8
SP  - 79
EP  - 91
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Rauš Balind, Snežana and Selaković, Vesna and Manojlović-Stojanoski, Milica and Radenović, Lidija and Prolić, Zlatko and Petković, Branka",
year = "2013",
abstract = "The purpose of this study was to determine whether exposure to an extremely low-frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF, 50 Hz) affects the outcome of postischemic damage in the hippocampus of Mongolian gerbils. After 10-min bilateral carotid occlusion, the gerbils were continuously exposed to ELF-MF (average magnetic induction at the center of the cage was 0.5 mT) for 7 days. The impact of ELF-MF was estimated immediately (the 7th day after reperfusion) and 7 days after cessation of exposure (the 14th day after reperfusion) compared with ischemic gerbils without ELF-MF exposure. Applying stereological methods, histological evaluation of changes in the hippocampus was done for determining its volume, volume densities of degenerating neurons and astrocytes, as well as the number of microglial cells per unit area. ELF-MF per se did not induce any morphological changes, while 10-min global cerebral ischemia led to neuronal death, especially in CA1 region of the hippocampus, as expected. Ischemic gerbils exposed to ELF-MF had significantly a lower degree of cell loss in the examined structure and greater responses of astrocytes and microglial cells than postischemic gerbils without exposure on the seventh day after reperfusion (immediate effect of ELF-MF). Similar response was observed on the 14th day after reperfusion (delayed effect of ELF-MF); however, differences in measured parameters were low and insignificant. Applied ELF-MF has possible neuroprotective function in the hippocampus, as the most sensitive brain structure in the model of global cerebral ischemia, through reduction of neuronal death and activation of astrocytes and microglial cells.",
publisher = "Springer",
journal = "Neurotoxicity Research",
title = "Response of Hippocampal Neurons and Glial Cells to Alternating Magnetic Field in Gerbils Submitted to Global Cerebral Ischemia",
number = "1",
volume = "23",
doi = "10.1007/s12640-012-9333-8",
pages = "79-91"
}

Rauš Balind, S., Selaković, V., Manojlović-Stojanoski, M., Radenović, L., Prolić, Z.,& Petković, B.. (2013). Response of Hippocampal Neurons and Glial Cells to Alternating Magnetic Field in Gerbils Submitted to Global Cerebral Ischemia. in Neurotoxicity Research
Springer., 23(1), 79-91.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-012-9333-8

Rauš Balind S, Selaković V, Manojlović-Stojanoski M, Radenović L, Prolić Z, Petković B. Response of Hippocampal Neurons and Glial Cells to Alternating Magnetic Field in Gerbils Submitted to Global Cerebral Ischemia. in Neurotoxicity Research. 2013;23(1):79-91.
doi:10.1007/s12640-012-9333-8 .

Rauš Balind, Snežana, Selaković, Vesna, Manojlović-Stojanoski, Milica, Radenović, Lidija, Prolić, Zlatko, Petković, Branka, "Response of Hippocampal Neurons and Glial Cells to Alternating Magnetic Field in Gerbils Submitted to Global Cerebral Ischemia" in Neurotoxicity Research, 23, no. 1 (2013):79-91,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-012-9333-8 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Todorović, Dajana
AU  - Marković, Tamara
AU  - Prolić, Zlatko
AU  - Mihajlović, Spomenko
AU  - Rauš Balind, Snežana
AU  - Nikolić, Ljiljana
AU  - Petković, Branka
PY  - 2013
UR  - https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/09553002.2012.715786?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=irab20
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3784
AB  - Purpose: There is considerable concern about potential effects associated with exposure to magnetic fields on organisms. Therefore, duration of pupa-adult development and motor behaviour of adults were analyzed in Tenebrio obscursus and T. molitor after exposure to static magnetic field (50 mT). Material and methods:The experimental groups were: Control (kept 5 m from the magnets), groups which pupae and adults were placed closer to the North pole, or closer to the South pole of magnetic dipole. The pupae were exposed to the magnetic field until the moment of adult eclosion. The pupa-adult development dynamics were recorded daily. Subsequently, behaviour (distance travelled, average speed and immobility) of adults exposed to the magnetic field was monitored in a circular open field arena. Results: Static magnetic field did not affect pupa-adult developmental dynamic of examined Tenebrio species. Exposure to magnetic field did not significantly change motor behaviour of T. obscurus adults. The changes in the motor behaviour of T. molitor induced by static magnetic field were opposite in two experimental groups developed closer to the North pole or closer to the South pole of magnetic dipole. Conclusion: Static magnetic field (50 mT) did not affect on pupa-adult development dynamic of two examined Tenebrio species, but modulated their motor behaviour.
PB  - Informa Healthcare
T2  - International Journal of Radiation Biology
T1  - The influence of static magnetic field (50 mT) on development and motor behaviour of Tenebrio (Insecta, Coleoptera)
IS  - 1
VL  - 89
DO  - 10.3109/09553002.2012.715786
SP  - 44
EP  - 50
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Todorović, Dajana and Marković, Tamara and Prolić, Zlatko and Mihajlović, Spomenko and Rauš Balind, Snežana and Nikolić, Ljiljana and Petković, Branka",
year = "2013",
abstract = "Purpose: There is considerable concern about potential effects associated with exposure to magnetic fields on organisms. Therefore, duration of pupa-adult development and motor behaviour of adults were analyzed in Tenebrio obscursus and T. molitor after exposure to static magnetic field (50 mT). Material and methods:The experimental groups were: Control (kept 5 m from the magnets), groups which pupae and adults were placed closer to the North pole, or closer to the South pole of magnetic dipole. The pupae were exposed to the magnetic field until the moment of adult eclosion. The pupa-adult development dynamics were recorded daily. Subsequently, behaviour (distance travelled, average speed and immobility) of adults exposed to the magnetic field was monitored in a circular open field arena. Results: Static magnetic field did not affect pupa-adult developmental dynamic of examined Tenebrio species. Exposure to magnetic field did not significantly change motor behaviour of T. obscurus adults. The changes in the motor behaviour of T. molitor induced by static magnetic field were opposite in two experimental groups developed closer to the North pole or closer to the South pole of magnetic dipole. Conclusion: Static magnetic field (50 mT) did not affect on pupa-adult development dynamic of two examined Tenebrio species, but modulated their motor behaviour.",
publisher = "Informa Healthcare",
journal = "International Journal of Radiation Biology",
title = "The influence of static magnetic field (50 mT) on development and motor behaviour of Tenebrio (Insecta, Coleoptera)",
number = "1",
volume = "89",
doi = "10.3109/09553002.2012.715786",
pages = "44-50"
}

Todorović, D., Marković, T., Prolić, Z., Mihajlović, S., Rauš Balind, S., Nikolić, L.,& Petković, B.. (2013). The influence of static magnetic field (50 mT) on development and motor behaviour of Tenebrio (Insecta, Coleoptera). in International Journal of Radiation Biology
Informa Healthcare., 89(1), 44-50.
https://doi.org/10.3109/09553002.2012.715786

Todorović D, Marković T, Prolić Z, Mihajlović S, Rauš Balind S, Nikolić L, Petković B. The influence of static magnetic field (50 mT) on development and motor behaviour of Tenebrio (Insecta, Coleoptera). in International Journal of Radiation Biology. 2013;89(1):44-50.
doi:10.3109/09553002.2012.715786 .

Todorović, Dajana, Marković, Tamara, Prolić, Zlatko, Mihajlović, Spomenko, Rauš Balind, Snežana, Nikolić, Ljiljana, Petković, Branka, "The influence of static magnetic field (50 mT) on development and motor behaviour of Tenebrio (Insecta, Coleoptera)" in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 89, no. 1 (2013):44-50,
https://doi.org/10.3109/09553002.2012.715786 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nikolić, Ljiljana
AU  - Todorović, Nataša
AU  - Zakrzewska, Joanna S
AU  - Stanić, Marina B
AU  - Rauš Balind, Snežana
AU  - Kalauzi, Aleksandar
AU  - Petković, Branka
PY  - 2012
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1168
UR  - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00359-012-0727-0
AB  - The spontaneously active Br neuron from the brain-subesophageal ganglion complex of the garden snail Helix pomatia rhythmically generates regular bursts of action potentials with quiescent intervals accompanied by slow oscillations of membrane potential. We examined the involvement of the Na+/K+ pump in modulating its bursting activity by applying a static magnetic field. Whole snail brains and Br neuron were exposed to the 10-mT static magnetic field for 15 min. Biochemical data showed that Na+/K+-ATPase activity increased almost twofold after exposure of snail brains to the static magnetic field. Similarly, P-31 NMR data revealed a trend of increasing ATP consumption and increase in intracellular pH mediated by the Na+/H+ exchanger in snail brains exposed to the static magnetic field. Importantly, current clamp recordings from the Br neuron confirmed the increase in activity of the Na+/K+ pump after exposure to the static magnetic field, as the magnitude of ouabain's effect measured on the membrane resting potential, action potential, and interspike interval duration was higher in neurons exposed to the magnetic field. Metabolic pathways through which the magnetic field influenced the Na+/K+ pump could involve phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, as blocking these processes abolished the effect of the static magnetic field.
PB  - Springer
T2  - Journal of Comparative Physiology A-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology
T1  - Involvement of Na+/K+ pump in fine modulation of bursting activity of the snail Br neuron by 10 mT static magnetic field
IS  - 7
VL  - 198
DO  - 10.1007/s00359-012-0727-0
SP  - 525
EP  - 540
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Nikolić, Ljiljana and Todorović, Nataša and Zakrzewska, Joanna S and Stanić, Marina B and Rauš Balind, Snežana and Kalauzi, Aleksandar and Petković, Branka",
year = "2012",
abstract = "The spontaneously active Br neuron from the brain-subesophageal ganglion complex of the garden snail Helix pomatia rhythmically generates regular bursts of action potentials with quiescent intervals accompanied by slow oscillations of membrane potential. We examined the involvement of the Na+/K+ pump in modulating its bursting activity by applying a static magnetic field. Whole snail brains and Br neuron were exposed to the 10-mT static magnetic field for 15 min. Biochemical data showed that Na+/K+-ATPase activity increased almost twofold after exposure of snail brains to the static magnetic field. Similarly, P-31 NMR data revealed a trend of increasing ATP consumption and increase in intracellular pH mediated by the Na+/H+ exchanger in snail brains exposed to the static magnetic field. Importantly, current clamp recordings from the Br neuron confirmed the increase in activity of the Na+/K+ pump after exposure to the static magnetic field, as the magnitude of ouabain's effect measured on the membrane resting potential, action potential, and interspike interval duration was higher in neurons exposed to the magnetic field. Metabolic pathways through which the magnetic field influenced the Na+/K+ pump could involve phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, as blocking these processes abolished the effect of the static magnetic field.",
publisher = "Springer",
journal = "Journal of Comparative Physiology A-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology",
title = "Involvement of Na+/K+ pump in fine modulation of bursting activity of the snail Br neuron by 10 mT static magnetic field",
number = "7",
volume = "198",
doi = "10.1007/s00359-012-0727-0",
pages = "525-540"
}

Nikolić, L., Todorović, N., Zakrzewska, J. S., Stanić, M. B., Rauš Balind, S., Kalauzi, A.,& Petković, B.. (2012). Involvement of Na+/K+ pump in fine modulation of bursting activity of the snail Br neuron by 10 mT static magnetic field. in Journal of Comparative Physiology A-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology
Springer., 198(7), 525-540.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-012-0727-0

Nikolić L, Todorović N, Zakrzewska JS, Stanić MB, Rauš Balind S, Kalauzi A, Petković B. Involvement of Na+/K+ pump in fine modulation of bursting activity of the snail Br neuron by 10 mT static magnetic field. in Journal of Comparative Physiology A-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology. 2012;198(7):525-540.
doi:10.1007/s00359-012-0727-0 .

Nikolić, Ljiljana, Todorović, Nataša, Zakrzewska, Joanna S, Stanić, Marina B, Rauš Balind, Snežana, Kalauzi, Aleksandar, Petković, Branka, "Involvement of Na+/K+ pump in fine modulation of bursting activity of the snail Br neuron by 10 mT static magnetic field" in Journal of Comparative Physiology A-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology, 198, no. 7 (2012):525-540,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-012-0727-0 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Petković, Branka
AU  - Selaković, Vesna
AU  - Rauš Balind, Snežana
AU  - Radenović, Lidija
AU  - Zrnić, Mila
AU  - Prolić, Zlatko
PY  - 2012
UR  - https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/09553002.2012.652725
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3802
AB  - Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) on different behavior parameters (locomotion, stereotypy, and immobility) in 3- and 10-month-old male Mongolian gerbils. Materials and methods: The animals were continuously exposed to ELF-MF (50 Hz; 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 mT) for seven days. Their behavior was monitored for 60 min in the open field after the 1st, 2nd, 4th, and 7th day of exposure (immediate effect), and three days after ELF-MF exposure had been ceased (delayed effect). Results : In 3-month-old gerbils, exposure to ELF-MF (0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 mT) increased motor behavior (locomotion and stereotypy), and consequently decreased immobility. Additionally, ELF-MF had delayed effect (except 0.25 mT) on stereotypy and immobility. In 10-month-old gerbils, ELF-MF of 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 mT induced decrease, slight increase, and pronounced stimulation of motor behavior, respectively. Regardless of magnetic induction value, increased motor behavior was observed three days after ELF-MF exposure has been ceased (delayed effect). Conclusions: It can be proposed that the specific temporal patterns of ELF-MF-induced motor behavior changes in 3- and 10-month-old gerbils are a consequence of age-dependent morpho-functional differences in the brain structures responsible for a control of motor behavior.
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
T2  - International Journal of Radiation Biology
T1  - Temporal patterns of extremely low frequency magnetic field-induced motor behavior changes in Mongolian gerbils of different age
IS  - 4
VL  - 88
DO  - 10.3109/09553002.2012.652725
SP  - 359
EP  - 366
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Petković, Branka and Selaković, Vesna and Rauš Balind, Snežana and Radenović, Lidija and Zrnić, Mila and Prolić, Zlatko",
year = "2012",
abstract = "Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) on different behavior parameters (locomotion, stereotypy, and immobility) in 3- and 10-month-old male Mongolian gerbils. Materials and methods: The animals were continuously exposed to ELF-MF (50 Hz; 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 mT) for seven days. Their behavior was monitored for 60 min in the open field after the 1st, 2nd, 4th, and 7th day of exposure (immediate effect), and three days after ELF-MF exposure had been ceased (delayed effect). Results : In 3-month-old gerbils, exposure to ELF-MF (0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 mT) increased motor behavior (locomotion and stereotypy), and consequently decreased immobility. Additionally, ELF-MF had delayed effect (except 0.25 mT) on stereotypy and immobility. In 10-month-old gerbils, ELF-MF of 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 mT induced decrease, slight increase, and pronounced stimulation of motor behavior, respectively. Regardless of magnetic induction value, increased motor behavior was observed three days after ELF-MF exposure has been ceased (delayed effect). Conclusions: It can be proposed that the specific temporal patterns of ELF-MF-induced motor behavior changes in 3- and 10-month-old gerbils are a consequence of age-dependent morpho-functional differences in the brain structures responsible for a control of motor behavior.",
publisher = "Taylor & Francis Ltd",
journal = "International Journal of Radiation Biology",
title = "Temporal patterns of extremely low frequency magnetic field-induced motor behavior changes in Mongolian gerbils of different age",
number = "4",
volume = "88",
doi = "10.3109/09553002.2012.652725",
pages = "359-366"
}

Petković, B., Selaković, V., Rauš Balind, S., Radenović, L., Zrnić, M.,& Prolić, Z.. (2012). Temporal patterns of extremely low frequency magnetic field-induced motor behavior changes in Mongolian gerbils of different age. in International Journal of Radiation Biology
Taylor & Francis Ltd., 88(4), 359-366.
https://doi.org/10.3109/09553002.2012.652725

Petković B, Selaković V, Rauš Balind S, Radenović L, Zrnić M, Prolić Z. Temporal patterns of extremely low frequency magnetic field-induced motor behavior changes in Mongolian gerbils of different age. in International Journal of Radiation Biology. 2012;88(4):359-366.
doi:10.3109/09553002.2012.652725 .

Petković, Branka, Selaković, Vesna, Rauš Balind, Snežana, Radenović, Lidija, Zrnić, Mila, Prolić, Zlatko, "Temporal patterns of extremely low frequency magnetic field-induced motor behavior changes in Mongolian gerbils of different age" in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 88, no. 4 (2012):359-366,
https://doi.org/10.3109/09553002.2012.652725 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rauš Balind, Snežana
AU  - Selaković, Vesna
AU  - Radenović, Lidija
AU  - Prolić, Zlatko
AU  - Petković, Branka
PY  - 2012
UR  - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166432811007790?via%3Dihub
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3801
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate behavioural effects of an extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) in 3-month-old Mongolian gerbils submitted to global cerebral ischemia. After 10-min occlusion of both common carotid arteries, the gerbils were placed in the vicinity of an electromagnet and continuously exposed to ELF-MF (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) for 7 days. Their behaviour (locomotion, stereotypy, rotations, and immobility) was monitored on days 1, 2, 4, 7, and 14 after reperfusion for 60 min in the open field. It was shown that the 10-min global cerebral ischemia per se induced a significant motor activity increase (locomotion, stereotypy and rotations), and consequently immobility decrease until day 4 after reperfusion, compared to control gerbils. Exposure to ELF-MF inhibited development of ischemia-induced motor hyperactivity during the whole period of registration, but significantly in the first 2 days after reperfusion, when the postischemic hyperactivity was most evident. Motor activity of these gerbils was still significantly increased compared to control ones, but only on day 1 after reperfusion. Our results revealed that the applied ELF-MF (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) decreased motor hyperactivity induced by the 10-min global cerebral ischemia, via modulation of the processes that underlie this behavioural response.
PB  - Elsevier Science BV
T2  - Behavioural Brain Research
T1  - Extremely low frequency magnetic field induced changes in motor behaviour of gerbils submitted to global cerebral ischemia
IS  - 2
VL  - 228
DO  - 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.10.046
SP  - 241
EP  - 246
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Rauš Balind, Snežana and Selaković, Vesna and Radenović, Lidija and Prolić, Zlatko and Petković, Branka",
year = "2012",
abstract = "The purpose of this study was to evaluate behavioural effects of an extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) in 3-month-old Mongolian gerbils submitted to global cerebral ischemia. After 10-min occlusion of both common carotid arteries, the gerbils were placed in the vicinity of an electromagnet and continuously exposed to ELF-MF (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) for 7 days. Their behaviour (locomotion, stereotypy, rotations, and immobility) was monitored on days 1, 2, 4, 7, and 14 after reperfusion for 60 min in the open field. It was shown that the 10-min global cerebral ischemia per se induced a significant motor activity increase (locomotion, stereotypy and rotations), and consequently immobility decrease until day 4 after reperfusion, compared to control gerbils. Exposure to ELF-MF inhibited development of ischemia-induced motor hyperactivity during the whole period of registration, but significantly in the first 2 days after reperfusion, when the postischemic hyperactivity was most evident. Motor activity of these gerbils was still significantly increased compared to control ones, but only on day 1 after reperfusion. Our results revealed that the applied ELF-MF (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) decreased motor hyperactivity induced by the 10-min global cerebral ischemia, via modulation of the processes that underlie this behavioural response.",
publisher = "Elsevier Science BV",
journal = "Behavioural Brain Research",
title = "Extremely low frequency magnetic field induced changes in motor behaviour of gerbils submitted to global cerebral ischemia",
number = "2",
volume = "228",
doi = "10.1016/j.bbr.2011.10.046",
pages = "241-246"
}

Rauš Balind, S., Selaković, V., Radenović, L., Prolić, Z.,& Petković, B.. (2012). Extremely low frequency magnetic field induced changes in motor behaviour of gerbils submitted to global cerebral ischemia. in Behavioural Brain Research
Elsevier Science BV., 228(2), 241-246.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2011.10.046

Rauš Balind S, Selaković V, Radenović L, Prolić Z, Petković B. Extremely low frequency magnetic field induced changes in motor behaviour of gerbils submitted to global cerebral ischemia. in Behavioural Brain Research. 2012;228(2):241-246.
doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2011.10.046 .

Rauš Balind, Snežana, Selaković, Vesna, Radenović, Lidija, Prolić, Zlatko, Petković, Branka, "Extremely low frequency magnetic field induced changes in motor behaviour of gerbils submitted to global cerebral ischemia" in Behavioural Brain Research, 228, no. 2 (2012):241-246,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2011.10.046 . .

TY  - THES
AU  - Rauš Balind, Snežana
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://eteze.bg.ac.rs/application/showtheses?thesesId=75
UR  - https://fedorabg.bg.ac.rs/fedora/get/o:3473/bdef:Content/download
UR  - http://vbs.rs/scripts/cobiss?command=DISPLAY&base=70036&RID=41902351
UR  - http://nardus.mpn.gov.rs/123456789/2056
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2412
AB  - U današnje vreme, jedna od najčešćih bolesti koja pogaña celokupno
društvo je moždani udar, koji može biti uzrokovan moždanom ishemijom.
Osim što u velikom procentu dovodi do smrti, posledice moždanog udara su
najčešće trajne i za njih ne postoji efikasna terapija. Još jedna karakteristika
modernog doba je razvitak elektronske industrije i primena sve raznovrsnijih
električnih ureñaja, a samim tim i povećanje stepena zagañenja
“elektromagnetnim smogom”. Povećano prisustvo niskofrekventnih
elektromagnetnih polja (EMP) je privuklo interesovanje velikog broja naučnika
te su ispitivani njegovi efekti, izmeñu ostalog i na funkcionalne karakteristike
centralnog nervnog sistema. Na osnovu poznatih činjenica o njegovom dejstvu
možemo pretpostaviti da ovo polje utiče i na razvoj patofizioloških dogañaja i
oporavak u uslovima moždane ishemije.
Cilj naše studije je bio da ispitamo da li elektromagnetno polje (0,5 mT,
50 Hz, u trajanju od 7 dana) utiče na hipermotorno ponašanje pustinjskih
miševa izazvano 10-min globalnom moždanom ishemijom i to 1., 2., 4. i 7. dana
(neposredan efekat EMP), kao i 14. dana nakon reperfuzije (odloženi efekat
EMP). Takoñe, na modelu moždane ishemije smo ispitali da li primenjeno EMP
utiče na parametre oksidativnog stresa, koji su inače povišeni nakon moždane
ishemije, u pojedinim regionima mozga 7. i 14. dana nakon reperfuzije. Praćen
je i uticaj EMP na morfološke promene u najosetljivijim strukturama mozga
(hipokampus, striatum i kora velikog mozga) izazvane ishemijom 7. i 14. dana
nakon reperfuzije i morfometrijskom analizom su kvantifikovane promene na
neuronima i glijalnim ćelijama.
Ponašanje eksperimentalnih životinja je registrovano u trajanju od 60
minuta u testu otvorenog polja - “open field”-u. Pokazano je da 10-min ishemija
indukuje značajno povećanje motorne aktivnosti (lokomocija, stereotipija i
rotacije) do 4. dana nakon reperfuzije. Izlaganje eksperimentalnih životinja EMP
je inhibiralo razvitak hipermotorne aktivnosti izazvane ishemijom i to značajno
u prva dva dana nakon reperfuzije kada je i postishemijska hiperaktivnost
najuočljivija. Motorna aktivnost ovih pustinjskih miševa je bila značajno
povećana u poreñenju sa kontrolnom grupom samo prvog dana nakon
reperfuzije.
Biohemijski su odreñeni parametri oksidativnog stresa (NO, O2-, SOD,
ILP) u hipokampusu, striatumu i kori prednjeg mozga. Ishemija dovodi do
povećanja oksidativnog stresa u svim ispitivanim strukturama mozga i to kako
7. tako i 14. dana nakon reperfuzije, a vrednosti za SOD ostaju na kontrolnom
nivou. EMP takoñe povećava produkciju slobodnoradikalskih vrsta 7. dana
(neposredni efekat EMP) ali u značajno većoj meri nego ishemija, kao i
aktivnost SOD. Sedam dana nakon završetka izlaganja (odloženi efekat EMP)
izmerene vrednosti parametara oksidativnog stresa su na nivou kontrolnih.
Ishemični pustinjski miševi izloženi EMP imaju povećane vrednosti merenih
parametara oksidativnog stresa 7. dana nakon reperfuzije (neposredni efekat
EMP), ali u znatno manjoj meri nego jedinke ishemične grupe ili grupe izložene
EMP. Parametri oksidativnog stresa u mozgu ishemičnih pustinjskih miševa
izloženih EMP su na nivou kontrolnih 14. dana nakon reperfuzije.
Primenom stereoloških metoda, utvrñeni su volumeni striatuma i
hipokampusa, volumenska gustina oštećenih neurona i astrocita, kao i broj
mikroglijalnih ćelija po jedinici površine u hipokampusu. Izlaganje EMP nije
dovelo do morfoloških promena u ispitivanim strukturama, dok je 10-min
globalna moždana ishemija dovela do ćelijske smrti u najvećoj meri u CA1
regionu hipokampusa. Ishemični pustinjski miševi izloženi EMP su imali
znatno niži stepen propalih ćelija i veći odgovor astrocita i mikroglijalnih ćelija
nego postishemijski pustinjski miševi bez izlaganja 7. dana nakon reperfuzije
(neposredni efekat EMP). Sličan odgovor je zapažen i 14. dana nakon
reperfuzije (odloženi efekat EMP).
Rezultati ovih istraživanja su pokazali da primenjeno EMP (0,5 mT, 50
Hz) smanjuje motornu hiperaktivnost izazvanu 10-min globalnom moždanom
ishemijom modulacijom procesa koji leže u osnovi ovakvog ponašanja. Takoñe,
EMP smanjuje oksidativni stres izazvan globalnom moždanom ishemijom i na
taj način smanjuje moguće negativne posledice koje slobodnoradikalske vrste
imaju u mozgu. EMP pokazuje i neuroprotektivnu ulogu u hipokampusu,
najosetljivijoj strukturi na ishemijsko oštećenje, redukujući broj oštećenih
neurona i aktivirajući astrocite i mikroglijalne ćelije.
AB  - Nowadays, one of the most common diseases, which affect the whole
society, is brain stroke, which can be caused by cerebral ischemia. Beside high
mortality rate, consequences of brain stroke are often permanent without
appropriate treatment. Another hallmark of modern society is development of
electronic industry and usage of diverse electron devices, therefore increasing
degree of pollution with “electromagnetic smog”. The increased presence of
extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) has attracted the interest of
many scientists to explore its effects, among others, on functional properties of
central nervous system. Based on the known facts of its action, we can propose
that this field affects development of pathophysiological events and recovery in
conditions like cerebral ischemia.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether ELF-MF (0.5 mT, 50
Hz, continuous exposue during 7 days) affects hypermotor activity of gerbils,
induced by 10-min global cerebral ischemia on the 1st, 2nd, 4th and 7th day
(immediate effect) as well as on the 14th day after reperfusion (delayed effect).
Also, on this model we examined whether applied ELF-MF affect oxidative
stress parameters, otherwise increased after cerebral ischemia, in some brain
regions on the 7th and 14th reperfusion day. Also, we examined effect of ELF-MF
on morphological changes in the most vulnerable structures of brain
(hippocampus, striatum and forebrain cortex) induced by ischemia on the 7th
and 14th reperfusion day, as well as performed quantification of this changes in
neurons and glial cells.
Animal behaviour was monitored for 60 min in the open field. It was
shown that the 10-min global cerebral ischemia per se induced a significant
motor activity increase (locomotion, stereotypy and rotations), and
consequently immobility decrease until day 4 after reperfusion, compared to
control gerbils. Exposure to ELF-MF inhibited development of ischemiainduced
motor hyperactivity during the whole period of registration, but
significantly in the first 2 days after reperfusion, when the postischemic
hyperactivity was most evident. Motor activity of these gerbils was still
significantly increased compared to control ones, but only on the 1st day after
reperfusion.
Parameters of oxidative stress (NO, O2-, SOD, ILP) were determined in
hippocampus, striatum and forebrain cortex applying biochemical assays.
Ischemia per se caused increasing of oxidative stress in all examined structures
on the 7th and also 14th reperfusion day with SOD values on the control level.
ELF-MF also increased production of free radical species on the 7th day
(immediate effect of ELF-MF) but in higher degree then ischemia, as well as,
activity of SOD. 7 days after cessation of exposure (delayed effect of ELF-MF)
measured values for all parameters were at the control levels. Ischemic gerbils
exposed to ELF-MF had increased values of parameters of oxidative stress on
the 7th reperfusion day (immediate effect of ELF-MF) but to a lesser extent than
ischemic animals or animals exposed to ELF-MF. On the 14th reperfusion day,
parameters of oxidative stress in the brain of ischemic gerbils exposed to ELFMF
were at the control levels.
Applying stereological methods, histological evaluation of changes in the
hippocampus was done determining its volume, volume density of
degenerating neurons and astrocytes, as well as the number of microglial cells
per unit area. ELF-MF per se did not induce any morphological changes in the
examined brain structures, while 10-min global cerebral ischemia led to
neuronal death, especially in CA1 region of the hippocampus, as expected.
Ischemic gerbils exposed to ELF-MF had significantly lower degree of cell loss
in the examined structure and greater response of astrocytes and microglial
cells than postischemic gerbils without exposure on the 7th day after reperfusion
(immediate effect of ELF-MF). Similar response was observed on the 14th day
after reperfusion (delayed effect of ELF-MF), however differences in measured
parameters were not significant.
Results of this study revealed that the applied ELF-MF (0.5 mT, 50 Hz)
decreased motor hyperactivity induced by the 10-min global cerebral ischemia,
via modulation of the processes that underlie this behavioural response. Also,
ELF-MF decreased oxidative stress induced by global cerebral ischemia thus
decreasing possible negative consequences which free radical species have in
the brain. Applied ELF-MF has possible neuroprotective function in the
hippocampus, the most sensitive brain structure in the model of global cerebral
ischemia, through reduction of neuronal death and activation of astrocytes and
microglial cells.
PB  - Belgrade: University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology
T2  - University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology
T1  - Uticaj elektromagnetnog polja (0,5 mT, 50 Hz) na motorno ponašanje, parametre oksidativnog stresa i morfološke karakteristike mozga nakon eksperimentalno izazvane moždane ishemije na modelu pustinjskog miša
T1  - Influence of electromagnetic field (0,5mT, 50 Hz) on motor behaviour, oxidative stress parameters and morphological characteristicsof brain after global cerebral ischemia in mongolian gerbils
SP  - 1
EP  - 127
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_nardus_2056
ER  - 

@phdthesis{
author = "Rauš Balind, Snežana",
year = "2012",
abstract = "U današnje vreme, jedna od najčešćih bolesti koja pogaña celokupno
društvo je moždani udar, koji može biti uzrokovan moždanom ishemijom.
Osim što u velikom procentu dovodi do smrti, posledice moždanog udara su
najčešće trajne i za njih ne postoji efikasna terapija. Još jedna karakteristika
modernog doba je razvitak elektronske industrije i primena sve raznovrsnijih
električnih ureñaja, a samim tim i povećanje stepena zagañenja
“elektromagnetnim smogom”. Povećano prisustvo niskofrekventnih
elektromagnetnih polja (EMP) je privuklo interesovanje velikog broja naučnika
te su ispitivani njegovi efekti, izmeñu ostalog i na funkcionalne karakteristike
centralnog nervnog sistema. Na osnovu poznatih činjenica o njegovom dejstvu
možemo pretpostaviti da ovo polje utiče i na razvoj patofizioloških dogañaja i
oporavak u uslovima moždane ishemije.
Cilj naše studije je bio da ispitamo da li elektromagnetno polje (0,5 mT,
50 Hz, u trajanju od 7 dana) utiče na hipermotorno ponašanje pustinjskih
miševa izazvano 10-min globalnom moždanom ishemijom i to 1., 2., 4. i 7. dana
(neposredan efekat EMP), kao i 14. dana nakon reperfuzije (odloženi efekat
EMP). Takoñe, na modelu moždane ishemije smo ispitali da li primenjeno EMP
utiče na parametre oksidativnog stresa, koji su inače povišeni nakon moždane
ishemije, u pojedinim regionima mozga 7. i 14. dana nakon reperfuzije. Praćen
je i uticaj EMP na morfološke promene u najosetljivijim strukturama mozga
(hipokampus, striatum i kora velikog mozga) izazvane ishemijom 7. i 14. dana
nakon reperfuzije i morfometrijskom analizom su kvantifikovane promene na
neuronima i glijalnim ćelijama.
Ponašanje eksperimentalnih životinja je registrovano u trajanju od 60
minuta u testu otvorenog polja - “open field”-u. Pokazano je da 10-min ishemija
indukuje značajno povećanje motorne aktivnosti (lokomocija, stereotipija i
rotacije) do 4. dana nakon reperfuzije. Izlaganje eksperimentalnih životinja EMP
je inhibiralo razvitak hipermotorne aktivnosti izazvane ishemijom i to značajno
u prva dva dana nakon reperfuzije kada je i postishemijska hiperaktivnost
najuočljivija. Motorna aktivnost ovih pustinjskih miševa je bila značajno
povećana u poreñenju sa kontrolnom grupom samo prvog dana nakon
reperfuzije.
Biohemijski su odreñeni parametri oksidativnog stresa (NO, O2-, SOD,
ILP) u hipokampusu, striatumu i kori prednjeg mozga. Ishemija dovodi do
povećanja oksidativnog stresa u svim ispitivanim strukturama mozga i to kako
7. tako i 14. dana nakon reperfuzije, a vrednosti za SOD ostaju na kontrolnom
nivou. EMP takoñe povećava produkciju slobodnoradikalskih vrsta 7. dana
(neposredni efekat EMP) ali u značajno većoj meri nego ishemija, kao i
aktivnost SOD. Sedam dana nakon završetka izlaganja (odloženi efekat EMP)
izmerene vrednosti parametara oksidativnog stresa su na nivou kontrolnih.
Ishemični pustinjski miševi izloženi EMP imaju povećane vrednosti merenih
parametara oksidativnog stresa 7. dana nakon reperfuzije (neposredni efekat
EMP), ali u znatno manjoj meri nego jedinke ishemične grupe ili grupe izložene
EMP. Parametri oksidativnog stresa u mozgu ishemičnih pustinjskih miševa
izloženih EMP su na nivou kontrolnih 14. dana nakon reperfuzije.
Primenom stereoloških metoda, utvrñeni su volumeni striatuma i
hipokampusa, volumenska gustina oštećenih neurona i astrocita, kao i broj
mikroglijalnih ćelija po jedinici površine u hipokampusu. Izlaganje EMP nije
dovelo do morfoloških promena u ispitivanim strukturama, dok je 10-min
globalna moždana ishemija dovela do ćelijske smrti u najvećoj meri u CA1
regionu hipokampusa. Ishemični pustinjski miševi izloženi EMP su imali
znatno niži stepen propalih ćelija i veći odgovor astrocita i mikroglijalnih ćelija
nego postishemijski pustinjski miševi bez izlaganja 7. dana nakon reperfuzije
(neposredni efekat EMP). Sličan odgovor je zapažen i 14. dana nakon
reperfuzije (odloženi efekat EMP).
Rezultati ovih istraživanja su pokazali da primenjeno EMP (0,5 mT, 50
Hz) smanjuje motornu hiperaktivnost izazvanu 10-min globalnom moždanom
ishemijom modulacijom procesa koji leže u osnovi ovakvog ponašanja. Takoñe,
EMP smanjuje oksidativni stres izazvan globalnom moždanom ishemijom i na
taj način smanjuje moguće negativne posledice koje slobodnoradikalske vrste
imaju u mozgu. EMP pokazuje i neuroprotektivnu ulogu u hipokampusu,
najosetljivijoj strukturi na ishemijsko oštećenje, redukujući broj oštećenih
neurona i aktivirajući astrocite i mikroglijalne ćelije., Nowadays, one of the most common diseases, which affect the whole
society, is brain stroke, which can be caused by cerebral ischemia. Beside high
mortality rate, consequences of brain stroke are often permanent without
appropriate treatment. Another hallmark of modern society is development of
electronic industry and usage of diverse electron devices, therefore increasing
degree of pollution with “electromagnetic smog”. The increased presence of
extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) has attracted the interest of
many scientists to explore its effects, among others, on functional properties of
central nervous system. Based on the known facts of its action, we can propose
that this field affects development of pathophysiological events and recovery in
conditions like cerebral ischemia.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether ELF-MF (0.5 mT, 50
Hz, continuous exposue during 7 days) affects hypermotor activity of gerbils,
induced by 10-min global cerebral ischemia on the 1st, 2nd, 4th and 7th day
(immediate effect) as well as on the 14th day after reperfusion (delayed effect).
Also, on this model we examined whether applied ELF-MF affect oxidative
stress parameters, otherwise increased after cerebral ischemia, in some brain
regions on the 7th and 14th reperfusion day. Also, we examined effect of ELF-MF
on morphological changes in the most vulnerable structures of brain
(hippocampus, striatum and forebrain cortex) induced by ischemia on the 7th
and 14th reperfusion day, as well as performed quantification of this changes in
neurons and glial cells.
Animal behaviour was monitored for 60 min in the open field. It was
shown that the 10-min global cerebral ischemia per se induced a significant
motor activity increase (locomotion, stereotypy and rotations), and
consequently immobility decrease until day 4 after reperfusion, compared to
control gerbils. Exposure to ELF-MF inhibited development of ischemiainduced
motor hyperactivity during the whole period of registration, but
significantly in the first 2 days after reperfusion, when the postischemic
hyperactivity was most evident. Motor activity of these gerbils was still
significantly increased compared to control ones, but only on the 1st day after
reperfusion.
Parameters of oxidative stress (NO, O2-, SOD, ILP) were determined in
hippocampus, striatum and forebrain cortex applying biochemical assays.
Ischemia per se caused increasing of oxidative stress in all examined structures
on the 7th and also 14th reperfusion day with SOD values on the control level.
ELF-MF also increased production of free radical species on the 7th day
(immediate effect of ELF-MF) but in higher degree then ischemia, as well as,
activity of SOD. 7 days after cessation of exposure (delayed effect of ELF-MF)
measured values for all parameters were at the control levels. Ischemic gerbils
exposed to ELF-MF had increased values of parameters of oxidative stress on
the 7th reperfusion day (immediate effect of ELF-MF) but to a lesser extent than
ischemic animals or animals exposed to ELF-MF. On the 14th reperfusion day,
parameters of oxidative stress in the brain of ischemic gerbils exposed to ELFMF
were at the control levels.
Applying stereological methods, histological evaluation of changes in the
hippocampus was done determining its volume, volume density of
degenerating neurons and astrocytes, as well as the number of microglial cells
per unit area. ELF-MF per se did not induce any morphological changes in the
examined brain structures, while 10-min global cerebral ischemia led to
neuronal death, especially in CA1 region of the hippocampus, as expected.
Ischemic gerbils exposed to ELF-MF had significantly lower degree of cell loss
in the examined structure and greater response of astrocytes and microglial
cells than postischemic gerbils without exposure on the 7th day after reperfusion
(immediate effect of ELF-MF). Similar response was observed on the 14th day
after reperfusion (delayed effect of ELF-MF), however differences in measured
parameters were not significant.
Results of this study revealed that the applied ELF-MF (0.5 mT, 50 Hz)
decreased motor hyperactivity induced by the 10-min global cerebral ischemia,
via modulation of the processes that underlie this behavioural response. Also,
ELF-MF decreased oxidative stress induced by global cerebral ischemia thus
decreasing possible negative consequences which free radical species have in
the brain. Applied ELF-MF has possible neuroprotective function in the
hippocampus, the most sensitive brain structure in the model of global cerebral
ischemia, through reduction of neuronal death and activation of astrocytes and
microglial cells.",
publisher = "Belgrade: University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology",
journal = "University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology",
title = "Uticaj elektromagnetnog polja (0,5 mT, 50 Hz) na motorno ponašanje, parametre oksidativnog stresa i morfološke karakteristike mozga nakon eksperimentalno izazvane moždane ishemije na modelu pustinjskog miša, Influence of electromagnetic field (0,5mT, 50 Hz) on motor behaviour, oxidative stress parameters and morphological characteristicsof brain after global cerebral ischemia in mongolian gerbils",
pages = "1-127",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_nardus_2056"
}

Rauš Balind, S.. (2012). Uticaj elektromagnetnog polja (0,5 mT, 50 Hz) na motorno ponašanje, parametre oksidativnog stresa i morfološke karakteristike mozga nakon eksperimentalno izazvane moždane ishemije na modelu pustinjskog miša. in University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology
Belgrade: University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology., 1-127.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_nardus_2056

Rauš Balind S. Uticaj elektromagnetnog polja (0,5 mT, 50 Hz) na motorno ponašanje, parametre oksidativnog stresa i morfološke karakteristike mozga nakon eksperimentalno izazvane moždane ishemije na modelu pustinjskog miša. in University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology. 2012;:1-127.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_nardus_2056 .

Rauš Balind, Snežana, "Uticaj elektromagnetnog polja (0,5 mT, 50 Hz) na motorno ponašanje, parametre oksidativnog stresa i morfološke karakteristike mozga nakon eksperimentalno izazvane moždane ishemije na modelu pustinjskog miša" in University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology (2012):1-127,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_nardus_2056 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Prolić, Zlatko
AU  - Petković, Branka
AU  - Todorović, Dajana
AU  - Nikolić, Ljiljana
AU  - Rauš Balind, Snežana
AU  - Nenadović, Vera
AU  - Perić Mataruga, Vesna
AU  - Patenković, Aleksandra
AU  - Ristanović, Gordana
PY  - 2009
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4019
AB  - Interes za istraživanja magnetobioloških i biomagnetnih fenomena u različitoj meri se provlači kroz istoriju nauke od najranijih dana do danas. Biološki efekti magnetnih polja različitih karakteristika ispitivani su kod živih bića na svim nivoima biološke organizacije, od subćelijskog i ćelijskog nivoa do visokoorganizovanog višećelijskog sistema i populacija. U eksperimentalnim studijama korišćena su konstantna (permanentna, stalna) magnetna polja različitih intenziteta, kao i promenljiva magnetna polja najširih frekventnih opsega od ekstremno niskofrekventnih (ENF), čak ispod vrednosti od 1 Hz, preko ekstremno visokofrekventnih u IC, vidljivom i UV delu spektra, do jonizujućih elektromagnetnih polja.
U početku formiranja ideje o magnetobiološkoj laboratoriji u okviru IBISS-a, efekti magnetnih polja praćeni su na različitim model sistemima. Osnovno pitanje koje se nametalo u ovim istraživanjima je bilo kako različiti organizmi reaguju na prisustvo dodatnih magnetnih polja, kao faktora spoljašnje sredine, čiji intenziteti višestruko prevazilaze vrednosti prirodnog magnetnog polja.
Na modelu mikrobiološke oksidacije Fe++ bakterije Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, rezultati naših istraživanja su pokazali da se na 13ºC kultura ove bakterije u tečnoj Leathen-podlozi razvija sporije u uslovima izlaganja konstantnom magnetnom polju od 104 mT i 231 mT [14,22]. Za razliku od konstantnog magnetnog polja, izlaganje kultura ove vrste bakterija promenljivom magnetnom polju (50 Hz, oko 6 mT) ubrzava aktivnost populacije bakterija [25]. Na ovom modelu je jasno uočeno da efekat zavisi od intenziteta magnetnog polja i koncentracije gvožđa u podlozi.
Na modelu ponašanja riba sunčanice Lepomis gibbosus i babuške Carassius gibelio, uočena je izrazita individualna varijabilnost u motornom ponašanju ovih riba koje su višekratno (1.5h odnosno 8h dnevno u toku 40 dana) izlagane konstantnom magnetnom polju od 20 mT [14]. I pored toga, svođenjem na prosek motorna aktivnost ovih riba je bila znatno smanjena u odnosu na kontrolne jedinke.
Dalja istraživanja su se usmerila na procese razvića. U tom pogledu su se pokazale vrlo pogodne populacije larvi pčela Apis mellifera, uzete sa saćem iz košnice, koje su bile u fazi zatvorenih legala. Larve pčela izložene konstantnom magnetnom polju prosečne vrednosti od 122 mT razvijale su se statistički značajno brže od onih u kontrolnim uslovima [19]. Efekat ubrzanog razvića larvi insekata u konstatnom magnetnom polju uočen je i kod vrsta Drosophila melanogaster i Tenebrio molitor [20,21], kao i kod paličnjaka Baculum extradentatum izloženih konstantnom magnetnom polju (320 mT) i promenljivom magnetnom polju (50 Hz, 6 mT) [7]. Za razliku od pomenutih insekata, promenljivo magnetno polje (50 Hz, 6 mT) značajno usporava metamorfozu kućne muve (Musca domestica L.) na temperaturi od 19ºC i 24ºC [27]. Pored toga, magnetno polje pomenutih karakteristika produžava dužinu života odraslih jedinki kućne muve na temperaturi od 24ºC. Preživljavanje i masa larvi kućne strižibube (Hylotrupes bajulus L.) su povećani kod jedinki koje su izlagane konstantnom magnetnom polju od 98 mT u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu [24].
Na osnovu ovih zapažanja, postavljeni su ogledi sa ciljem da se otkrije eventualni efekat spoljašnjeg magnetnog polja na genetičke mehanizme. Tako je ustanovljeno kod Drosophila melanogaster da je varijabilnost unutar grupa mušica izloženih konstantnom magnetnom polju prosečne vrednosti od oko 150 mT znatno veća nego kod onih u kontrolnim uslovima [15,16]. Kada se podaci o preživljavanju pojedinih grupa mušica razdvoje na kategorije preživljavanja (letali, semiletali, subvitali, normali, supervitali) dobija se nova informacija o preraspodeli ovih efekata vezanih za drugi par hromozama među kategorijama kod kontrolnih i tretiranih jedinki Drosophila melanogaster. Ovaj efekat konstantnog magnetnog polja se održavao kroz tri praćene generacije vinskih mušica.
Da su genetski mehanizmi podložni promeni usled delovanja magnetnog polja pokazala su istraživanja u kojima su praćeni veličina i bilateralna asimetrija krila kod Drosophila melanogaster izloženih konstantnom magnetnom polju od 35 mT kroz 6 uzastopnih generacija [26]. Pokazano je da se pod dejstvom magnetnog polja pomenutih karakteristika smanjuje veličina krila Drosophila melanogaster, dok bilateralna asimetrija krila kao pokazatelj razvojne nestabilnosti nije značajno povećana.
Elektromagnetna polja ENF predstavljaju još jedan od abiotičkih faktora koji je sve prisutniji u životnoj sredini. Akutno ili hronično izlaganje elektromagnetnim poljima, čije vrednosti samo nekoliko puta prevazilaze vrednosti zemljinog magnetnog polja, može predstavljati stres za organizam u mnogobrojnim biološkim aspektima. U prisustvu elektromagnetnog polja (50 Hz, 0.25 mT), koje je u širokoj primeni u domaćinstvu, industriji i saobraćaju, dolazi do povećanja veličine tela jedinki Drosophila subobscura oba pola, dok nižu razvojnu stabilnost u ovim uslovima pokazuju samo ženke i to za širinu krila [10]. Ovi rezultati ukazuju da izlaganje ovakvom magnetnom polju može imati stresogeni efekat sa određenim biološkim posledicama.
Novija istraživanja koja se odvijaju u okviru Laboratorije za magnetobiologiju IBISS-a pokušavaju da daju odgovor na pitanje koji su osnovni principi percepcije spoljašnjih magnetnih polja, kao i mehanizmi odgovora biosistema na dodatni faktor spoljašnje sredine, kako u normalnim tako i u izmenjenim fiziološkim stanjima. U tom cilju se koriste različiti organizmi i njihovi izolovani sistemi (Helix pomatia, Baculum extradentatum, Cerambyx cerdo, Tenebrio molitor, Morimus funereus, Ratus ratus, Meriones unguiculatus,...) i različite tehnike (od ekstraćelijske registracije potencijala, preko histološke i biohemijske obrade uzoraka tkiva, do finih mehanizama ponašanja i matematičke obrade dobijenih signala).
Na razrađenom modelu registrovanja bioelektričnih potencijala poreklom iz izolovane subezofagijalne ganglije (Br i N1 neuroni) vinogradarskog puža Helix pomatia, testiran je efakat konstantnog magnetnog polja od 2.7 i 10 mT. Pokazano je da magnetno polje od 2.7 mT prouzrokuje promene u amplitudi i trajanju akcionog potencijala Br neurona, dok magnetno polje od 10 mT menja potencijal mirovanja, amplitudu, frekvencu i trajanje akcionog potencijala Br neurona [9]. Rezultati ovih istraživanja ukazuju da su uočeni efekti na Br neuronu zavisni od intenziteta magnetnog polja. Za razliku od Br neurona, bioelektrični parametri mereni sa N1 neurona nisu se značajno menjali u prisustvu magnetnog polja pomenutih karakteristika.
U daljem traganju za primarnim mehanizmima percepcije magnetnih polja kod živih sistema, a imajući u vidu prethodne naznake da bi to mogao biti centralni nervni sistem, pristupilo se sličnim elektrofiziološkim istraživanjima na znatno komplikovanijim moždanim ganglijama kod insekata. Po prvi put registrovana je spontana bioelektrična aktivnost iz antenalnog regiona mozga strižibube Morimus funereus. Nakon izlaganja glavenog regiona adulta konstantnom magnetnom polju od 2 mT, uočena je individualna osetljivost organizama na spoljašnja magnetna polja, koja se ogledala u promenama neuronske aktivnosti tokom i nakon delovanja primenjenog magnetnog polja [28].
Da bi se potkrepili podaci o pretpostavci da je nervni sistem struktura primarno odgovorna za reakciju organizama na različite spoljašnje ekološke faktore uključujući i magnetna polja, posvetila se pažnja i analizi neurosekretornog sistema insekata. Pokazano je da jako statičko magnetno polje (320 mT) utiče na citološke karakteristike i aktivnost protocerebralnih A2′ neurosekretornih neurona i corpora allata kod lutki Tenebrio molitor [11,12]. Nešto ranije, efekti promenljivog ENF magnetnog polja (50 Hz, 20 mT) na aktivnost neurosekretornih neurona i corpora allata uočeni su i kod larvi strižibube Cerambyx cerdo [8].
Uticaj magnetnih polja na biohemiju i fiziologiju ćelija ogleda se i kroz promene u produkciji slobodnih radikala i antioksidativnoj odbrani. Kod hemimetabolnog insekta Baculum extradentatum čije se embrionalno razviće odvijalo u prisustvu konstantnog (320 mT) i promenljivog (50 Hz, 6 mT) magnetnog polja uočeno je povećanje aktivnosti enzimskih (superoksid dismutaza, katalaza) i neenzimskih (glutation) komponenti antioksidativnog sistema [29].
Najzad, istraživanja na modelu insekata u kojima su ispitivani efekti magnetnih polja na motorno ponašanje strižibube Morimus funereus su ukazala na promene u motornoj aktivnosti mužjaka i ženki nakon izlaganja ENF (50 Hz, 2 mT) magnetnom polju [18].
Kod evolutivno viših organizacionih sistema (glodari), uticaj kratkotrajnog i dugotrajnog izlaganja magnetnim poljima praćen je na nivou biohemijske analize parametara oksidativnog stresa, koncentracije nukleotida i aktivnosti receptora u izolovanim strukturama mozga, kao i registracije EEG zapisa i motornog ponašanja. Najznačajniji rezultat biohemijskih istraživanja parametara oksidativnog stresa je da izlaganje pacova (Ratus ratus) i pustinjskog miša (Meriones unguiculatus) ENF magnetnom polju (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) utiče na oksido-redukcione procese u mozgu ispitivanih životinja [2,5,6]. Akutno i hronično izlaganje magnetnom polju pomenutih karakteristika dovodi i do promena u koncentraciji nukleotida (IMP, cAMP, ATP), kao i aktivnosti serotoninskih i dopaminskih receptora u izolovanim strukturama mozga pacova [1,4]. Eksperimenti bazirani na registraciji elektrofizioloških zapisa iz mozga pacova su ukazali na sposobnost magnetnih polja da modifikuju aktivnost neurotransmiterskih sistema [30]. Pored toga, spoljašnja ENF magnetna polja modulišu motorno ponašanje eksperimentalnih životinja (Ratus ratus, Meriones unguiculatus), pri čemu karakter promena zavisi od fizičkih karakteristika polja (intenzitet, dužina izlaganja) i individualnih osobenosti organizama (vrsta, starost, funkcionalno stanje) [1,2,3,13,17,23].

Rezultati svih ovih istraživanja nedvosmisleno pokazuju da „veštačka“ magnetna polja, kao ekofiziološki faktor, indukuju strukturne, biohemijske i funkcionalne promene kod evolutivno različitih organizama.
PB  - Novi Sad: Medicinski fakultet
C3  - Prvi simpozijum sa međunarodnim učešćem „Biološki Efekti Veštačkih Elektromagnetnih Polja”
T1  - Prikaz istraživanja efekata konstantnih i promenljivih magnetnih polja na biološke sisteme
VL  - Rad br. 4
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_4019
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Prolić, Zlatko and Petković, Branka and Todorović, Dajana and Nikolić, Ljiljana and Rauš Balind, Snežana and Nenadović, Vera and Perić Mataruga, Vesna and Patenković, Aleksandra and Ristanović, Gordana",
year = "2009",
abstract = "Interes za istraživanja magnetobioloških i biomagnetnih fenomena u različitoj meri se provlači kroz istoriju nauke od najranijih dana do danas. Biološki efekti magnetnih polja različitih karakteristika ispitivani su kod živih bića na svim nivoima biološke organizacije, od subćelijskog i ćelijskog nivoa do visokoorganizovanog višećelijskog sistema i populacija. U eksperimentalnim studijama korišćena su konstantna (permanentna, stalna) magnetna polja različitih intenziteta, kao i promenljiva magnetna polja najširih frekventnih opsega od ekstremno niskofrekventnih (ENF), čak ispod vrednosti od 1 Hz, preko ekstremno visokofrekventnih u IC, vidljivom i UV delu spektra, do jonizujućih elektromagnetnih polja.
U početku formiranja ideje o magnetobiološkoj laboratoriji u okviru IBISS-a, efekti magnetnih polja praćeni su na različitim model sistemima. Osnovno pitanje koje se nametalo u ovim istraživanjima je bilo kako različiti organizmi reaguju na prisustvo dodatnih magnetnih polja, kao faktora spoljašnje sredine, čiji intenziteti višestruko prevazilaze vrednosti prirodnog magnetnog polja.
Na modelu mikrobiološke oksidacije Fe++ bakterije Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, rezultati naših istraživanja su pokazali da se na 13ºC kultura ove bakterije u tečnoj Leathen-podlozi razvija sporije u uslovima izlaganja konstantnom magnetnom polju od 104 mT i 231 mT [14,22]. Za razliku od konstantnog magnetnog polja, izlaganje kultura ove vrste bakterija promenljivom magnetnom polju (50 Hz, oko 6 mT) ubrzava aktivnost populacije bakterija [25]. Na ovom modelu je jasno uočeno da efekat zavisi od intenziteta magnetnog polja i koncentracije gvožđa u podlozi.
Na modelu ponašanja riba sunčanice Lepomis gibbosus i babuške Carassius gibelio, uočena je izrazita individualna varijabilnost u motornom ponašanju ovih riba koje su višekratno (1.5h odnosno 8h dnevno u toku 40 dana) izlagane konstantnom magnetnom polju od 20 mT [14]. I pored toga, svođenjem na prosek motorna aktivnost ovih riba je bila znatno smanjena u odnosu na kontrolne jedinke.
Dalja istraživanja su se usmerila na procese razvića. U tom pogledu su se pokazale vrlo pogodne populacije larvi pčela Apis mellifera, uzete sa saćem iz košnice, koje su bile u fazi zatvorenih legala. Larve pčela izložene konstantnom magnetnom polju prosečne vrednosti od 122 mT razvijale su se statistički značajno brže od onih u kontrolnim uslovima [19]. Efekat ubrzanog razvića larvi insekata u konstatnom magnetnom polju uočen je i kod vrsta Drosophila melanogaster i Tenebrio molitor [20,21], kao i kod paličnjaka Baculum extradentatum izloženih konstantnom magnetnom polju (320 mT) i promenljivom magnetnom polju (50 Hz, 6 mT) [7]. Za razliku od pomenutih insekata, promenljivo magnetno polje (50 Hz, 6 mT) značajno usporava metamorfozu kućne muve (Musca domestica L.) na temperaturi od 19ºC i 24ºC [27]. Pored toga, magnetno polje pomenutih karakteristika produžava dužinu života odraslih jedinki kućne muve na temperaturi od 24ºC. Preživljavanje i masa larvi kućne strižibube (Hylotrupes bajulus L.) su povećani kod jedinki koje su izlagane konstantnom magnetnom polju od 98 mT u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu [24].
Na osnovu ovih zapažanja, postavljeni su ogledi sa ciljem da se otkrije eventualni efekat spoljašnjeg magnetnog polja na genetičke mehanizme. Tako je ustanovljeno kod Drosophila melanogaster da je varijabilnost unutar grupa mušica izloženih konstantnom magnetnom polju prosečne vrednosti od oko 150 mT znatno veća nego kod onih u kontrolnim uslovima [15,16]. Kada se podaci o preživljavanju pojedinih grupa mušica razdvoje na kategorije preživljavanja (letali, semiletali, subvitali, normali, supervitali) dobija se nova informacija o preraspodeli ovih efekata vezanih za drugi par hromozama među kategorijama kod kontrolnih i tretiranih jedinki Drosophila melanogaster. Ovaj efekat konstantnog magnetnog polja se održavao kroz tri praćene generacije vinskih mušica.
Da su genetski mehanizmi podložni promeni usled delovanja magnetnog polja pokazala su istraživanja u kojima su praćeni veličina i bilateralna asimetrija krila kod Drosophila melanogaster izloženih konstantnom magnetnom polju od 35 mT kroz 6 uzastopnih generacija [26]. Pokazano je da se pod dejstvom magnetnog polja pomenutih karakteristika smanjuje veličina krila Drosophila melanogaster, dok bilateralna asimetrija krila kao pokazatelj razvojne nestabilnosti nije značajno povećana.
Elektromagnetna polja ENF predstavljaju još jedan od abiotičkih faktora koji je sve prisutniji u životnoj sredini. Akutno ili hronično izlaganje elektromagnetnim poljima, čije vrednosti samo nekoliko puta prevazilaze vrednosti zemljinog magnetnog polja, može predstavljati stres za organizam u mnogobrojnim biološkim aspektima. U prisustvu elektromagnetnog polja (50 Hz, 0.25 mT), koje je u širokoj primeni u domaćinstvu, industriji i saobraćaju, dolazi do povećanja veličine tela jedinki Drosophila subobscura oba pola, dok nižu razvojnu stabilnost u ovim uslovima pokazuju samo ženke i to za širinu krila [10]. Ovi rezultati ukazuju da izlaganje ovakvom magnetnom polju može imati stresogeni efekat sa određenim biološkim posledicama.
Novija istraživanja koja se odvijaju u okviru Laboratorije za magnetobiologiju IBISS-a pokušavaju da daju odgovor na pitanje koji su osnovni principi percepcije spoljašnjih magnetnih polja, kao i mehanizmi odgovora biosistema na dodatni faktor spoljašnje sredine, kako u normalnim tako i u izmenjenim fiziološkim stanjima. U tom cilju se koriste različiti organizmi i njihovi izolovani sistemi (Helix pomatia, Baculum extradentatum, Cerambyx cerdo, Tenebrio molitor, Morimus funereus, Ratus ratus, Meriones unguiculatus,...) i različite tehnike (od ekstraćelijske registracije potencijala, preko histološke i biohemijske obrade uzoraka tkiva, do finih mehanizama ponašanja i matematičke obrade dobijenih signala).
Na razrađenom modelu registrovanja bioelektričnih potencijala poreklom iz izolovane subezofagijalne ganglije (Br i N1 neuroni) vinogradarskog puža Helix pomatia, testiran je efakat konstantnog magnetnog polja od 2.7 i 10 mT. Pokazano je da magnetno polje od 2.7 mT prouzrokuje promene u amplitudi i trajanju akcionog potencijala Br neurona, dok magnetno polje od 10 mT menja potencijal mirovanja, amplitudu, frekvencu i trajanje akcionog potencijala Br neurona [9]. Rezultati ovih istraživanja ukazuju da su uočeni efekti na Br neuronu zavisni od intenziteta magnetnog polja. Za razliku od Br neurona, bioelektrični parametri mereni sa N1 neurona nisu se značajno menjali u prisustvu magnetnog polja pomenutih karakteristika.
U daljem traganju za primarnim mehanizmima percepcije magnetnih polja kod živih sistema, a imajući u vidu prethodne naznake da bi to mogao biti centralni nervni sistem, pristupilo se sličnim elektrofiziološkim istraživanjima na znatno komplikovanijim moždanim ganglijama kod insekata. Po prvi put registrovana je spontana bioelektrična aktivnost iz antenalnog regiona mozga strižibube Morimus funereus. Nakon izlaganja glavenog regiona adulta konstantnom magnetnom polju od 2 mT, uočena je individualna osetljivost organizama na spoljašnja magnetna polja, koja se ogledala u promenama neuronske aktivnosti tokom i nakon delovanja primenjenog magnetnog polja [28].
Da bi se potkrepili podaci o pretpostavci da je nervni sistem struktura primarno odgovorna za reakciju organizama na različite spoljašnje ekološke faktore uključujući i magnetna polja, posvetila se pažnja i analizi neurosekretornog sistema insekata. Pokazano je da jako statičko magnetno polje (320 mT) utiče na citološke karakteristike i aktivnost protocerebralnih A2′ neurosekretornih neurona i corpora allata kod lutki Tenebrio molitor [11,12]. Nešto ranije, efekti promenljivog ENF magnetnog polja (50 Hz, 20 mT) na aktivnost neurosekretornih neurona i corpora allata uočeni su i kod larvi strižibube Cerambyx cerdo [8].
Uticaj magnetnih polja na biohemiju i fiziologiju ćelija ogleda se i kroz promene u produkciji slobodnih radikala i antioksidativnoj odbrani. Kod hemimetabolnog insekta Baculum extradentatum čije se embrionalno razviće odvijalo u prisustvu konstantnog (320 mT) i promenljivog (50 Hz, 6 mT) magnetnog polja uočeno je povećanje aktivnosti enzimskih (superoksid dismutaza, katalaza) i neenzimskih (glutation) komponenti antioksidativnog sistema [29].
Najzad, istraživanja na modelu insekata u kojima su ispitivani efekti magnetnih polja na motorno ponašanje strižibube Morimus funereus su ukazala na promene u motornoj aktivnosti mužjaka i ženki nakon izlaganja ENF (50 Hz, 2 mT) magnetnom polju [18].
Kod evolutivno viših organizacionih sistema (glodari), uticaj kratkotrajnog i dugotrajnog izlaganja magnetnim poljima praćen je na nivou biohemijske analize parametara oksidativnog stresa, koncentracije nukleotida i aktivnosti receptora u izolovanim strukturama mozga, kao i registracije EEG zapisa i motornog ponašanja. Najznačajniji rezultat biohemijskih istraživanja parametara oksidativnog stresa je da izlaganje pacova (Ratus ratus) i pustinjskog miša (Meriones unguiculatus) ENF magnetnom polju (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) utiče na oksido-redukcione procese u mozgu ispitivanih životinja [2,5,6]. Akutno i hronično izlaganje magnetnom polju pomenutih karakteristika dovodi i do promena u koncentraciji nukleotida (IMP, cAMP, ATP), kao i aktivnosti serotoninskih i dopaminskih receptora u izolovanim strukturama mozga pacova [1,4]. Eksperimenti bazirani na registraciji elektrofizioloških zapisa iz mozga pacova su ukazali na sposobnost magnetnih polja da modifikuju aktivnost neurotransmiterskih sistema [30]. Pored toga, spoljašnja ENF magnetna polja modulišu motorno ponašanje eksperimentalnih životinja (Ratus ratus, Meriones unguiculatus), pri čemu karakter promena zavisi od fizičkih karakteristika polja (intenzitet, dužina izlaganja) i individualnih osobenosti organizama (vrsta, starost, funkcionalno stanje) [1,2,3,13,17,23].

Rezultati svih ovih istraživanja nedvosmisleno pokazuju da „veštačka“ magnetna polja, kao ekofiziološki faktor, indukuju strukturne, biohemijske i funkcionalne promene kod evolutivno različitih organizama.",
publisher = "Novi Sad: Medicinski fakultet",
journal = "Prvi simpozijum sa međunarodnim učešćem „Biološki Efekti Veštačkih Elektromagnetnih Polja”",
title = "Prikaz istraživanja efekata konstantnih i promenljivih magnetnih polja na biološke sisteme",
volume = "Rad br. 4",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_4019"
}

Prolić, Z., Petković, B., Todorović, D., Nikolić, L., Rauš Balind, S., Nenadović, V., Perić Mataruga, V., Patenković, A.,& Ristanović, G.. (2009). Prikaz istraživanja efekata konstantnih i promenljivih magnetnih polja na biološke sisteme. in Prvi simpozijum sa međunarodnim učešćem „Biološki Efekti Veštačkih Elektromagnetnih Polja”
Novi Sad: Medicinski fakultet., Rad br. 4.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_4019

Prolić Z, Petković B, Todorović D, Nikolić L, Rauš Balind S, Nenadović V, Perić Mataruga V, Patenković A, Ristanović G. Prikaz istraživanja efekata konstantnih i promenljivih magnetnih polja na biološke sisteme. in Prvi simpozijum sa međunarodnim učešćem „Biološki Efekti Veštačkih Elektromagnetnih Polja”. 2009;Rad br. 4.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_4019 .

Prolić, Zlatko, Petković, Branka, Todorović, Dajana, Nikolić, Ljiljana, Rauš Balind, Snežana, Nenadović, Vera, Perić Mataruga, Vesna, Patenković, Aleksandra, Ristanović, Gordana, "Prikaz istraživanja efekata konstantnih i promenljivih magnetnih polja na biološke sisteme" in Prvi simpozijum sa međunarodnim učešćem „Biološki Efekti Veštačkih Elektromagnetnih Polja”, Rad br. 4 (2009),
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_4019 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Prolić, Zlatko
AU  - Todorović, Dajana
AU  - Petković, Branka
AU  - Rauš Balind, Snežana
AU  - Nikolić, Ljiljana
PY  - 2009
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4020
AB  - Živi organizmi su kompleksni dinamički sistemi koji su preko tri milijarde godina evoluirali u sredini sa magnetnim poljima. Spoljašnje magnetno polje je uticalo na sve procese i nivoe organizacije živih sistema. Zahvaljujući magnetnom omotaču koji štiti planetu, pa i živa bića od štetnog kosmičkog zračenja, život na Zemlji je moguć. Narušavanjem ravnoteže bioloških sistema spoljašnjim magnetnim poljima, čak i tokom kraćeg vremena izlaganja, nastaju različiti poremećaji. Na ovaj način nastali poremaćaji akumuliraju se u organizmima, što je jedan od razloga za traženje objašnjenja bioloških efekata magnetnih polja. S druge strane, veoma važna činjenica koja nas usmerava na što bolje razumevanje ove problematike je potreba za zaštitom ljudskog zdravlja zbog uvođenja novih tehnologija u svakodnevni život, industriju i medicinu, kao i zbog mogućnosti terapijske upotrebe magnetnih polja.
Iako ispitivanja bioloških efekata magnetnih polja različitih intenziteta i frekvencija imaju dug vek, malo se zna o samom mehanizmu delovanja (Liboff i McLeod, 1988; Lednev, 1991). Mnoge hipoteze se odnose na moguće mehanizme delovanja spoljašnjih magnetnih polja na žive sisteme, međutim još uvek nema jedinstvene teorije o ovim interakcijama. U eksperimentalnim studijama korišćena su konstantna (permanentna, stalna) magnetna polja različitih intenziteta, kao i promenljiva magnetna polja najširih frekventnih opsega (od ekstremno niskofrekventnih, preko ekstremno visokofrekventnih u IC, vidljivom i UV delu spektra, do jonizujućih elektromagnetnih polja).
Jedna od karakteristika živih bića je da međusobno interaguju i adaptiraju se na sredinu u kojoj žive, te su vremenom stekla sposobnost i da koriste spoljašnja magnetna polja. Prvi dokazi koji potkrepljuju ovu tvrdnju proističu iz studija u kojima se pratila orijentacija i kretanje životinja, kao i njihova međusobna komunikacija. 
O delovanju magnetnog polja na različite oblike ponašanja insekata, a posebno na orijentaciju ukazao je još Schneider (1975). Uticaj spoljašnjih magnetnih polja na ponašanje, a samim tim i na orijentaciju, najdetaljnije je izučen kod medonosne pčele Apis mellifera (Martin i Lindauer, 1977; Korall, 1978; Kilbert, 1979; Towne i Gould, 1985; Walker i Bitterman, 1985, 1989a, b, c; Walker i sar; 1989). Da magnetna polja deluju na različite nivoe ponašanja i kod drugih insekta, pokazano je u velikom broju radova (Picton, 1966; Becker, 1976; Kisliuk i Ishay, 1977; Baker i Mather, 1982; Baker, 1987; Rickli i Leuthold, 1988; Perez i sar., 1999; Klotz i Jander, 2003; Prolić i sar., 2003).
Vrsta Apis mellifera se pokazala kao dobar eksperimentalni model i za ispitivanje uticaja veštačkih magnetnih polja na razviće insekata (Prolić i Jovanović, 1986). Magnetna polja menjaju normalan tok razvića i drugih insekata: Drosophila melanogaster (Ramirez i sar., 1983; Ho i sar., 1992; Prolić i sar., 2001), Tenebrio molitor (Prolić i Nenadović, 1995), Baculum extradentatum (Mrdaković i sar., 2007), Musca domestica (Stanojević i sar., 2005), Hylotrupes bajulus (Rauš i sar., 2009), Heliothis virescens (Pan, 1996)... 
Kada govorimo o magnetnim poljima, posebno su interesantna i značajna istraživanja o uticaju ovog faktora spoljašnje sredine na genetske mehanizme. Delujući na gene odgovorne za proliferaciju ćelija, magnetna polja značajno utiču na veličinu tela vinske mušice Drosophila melanogaster (Giorgi i sar., 1992), kao i na veličinu i asimetriju krila kod ove vrste (Stamenković-Radak i sar., 2001). Magnetna polja različitih karakteristika utiču i na ćelijsku transkripciju, ekspresiju gena i sintezu proteina kod Drosophila sp i drugih vrsta insekata (Goodman i sar., 1987; Goodman i Henderson, 1988; Tipping i sar., 1999), a menja se i varijabilnost unutar eksperimentalnih grupa (Prolić, 1989; Prolić i Anđelković, 1992., Patenković i sar., 2007). 
U daljem traganju za primarnim mehanizmima percepcije magnetnih polja kod živih sistema, a imajući u vidu brojne naznake da bi to mogao biti centralni nervni sistem, pristupilo se elektrofiziološkim istraživanjima na komplikovanim moždanim ganglijama kod insekata. Po prvi put registrovana je spontana bioelektrična aktivnost iz antenalnog regiona mozga strižibube Morimus funereus i praćene su promene neuronske aktivnosti tokom i nakon delovanja primenjenog magnetnog polja (Todorović i sar., 2007). Da bi se potkrepili podaci o pretpostavci da je nervni sistem struktura primarno odgovorna za reakciju organizama, a samim tim i insekata, na različite spoljašnje ekološke faktore uključujući i magnetna polja, posvetila se pažnja i analizi neurosekretornog sistema insekata (Nenadović i sar., 2005; Perić-Mataruga i sar., 2006, 2008). 
Magnetna polja na različite načine utiču na normalan tok metaboličkih puteva. Kod hemimetabolnog insekta Baculum extradentatum čije se embrionalno razviće odvijalo u prisustvu konstantnog i promenljivog magnetnog polja uočene su promene u produkciji slobodnih radikala i antioksidativnoj odbrani (Todorović i sar., 2008). Konstantno magnetno polje dovodi do povećanja metabolizma larvi tvrdokrilaca vrste Tenebrio molitor (Vácha, 1997), a kod pčela se uočava smanjena enzimska aktivnost trehalaze, kao i povećava količina fosfolipida (Kefuss i sar., 1999).
Rezultati svih ovih istraživanja nedvosmisleno pokazuju da „veštačka“ magnetna polja, kao ekofiziološki faktor kod insekata, kao i kod svih drugih organizama sa različitog stupnja evolutivne lestvice, indukuju promene na svim nivoima biološke organizacije.
PB  - Belgrade: Entomological Society of Serbia
C3  - Simpozijum entomologa Srbije 2009
T1  - Magnetna polja i svet insekata
SP  - 5
EP  - 6
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_4020
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Prolić, Zlatko and Todorović, Dajana and Petković, Branka and Rauš Balind, Snežana and Nikolić, Ljiljana",
year = "2009",
abstract = "Živi organizmi su kompleksni dinamički sistemi koji su preko tri milijarde godina evoluirali u sredini sa magnetnim poljima. Spoljašnje magnetno polje je uticalo na sve procese i nivoe organizacije živih sistema. Zahvaljujući magnetnom omotaču koji štiti planetu, pa i živa bića od štetnog kosmičkog zračenja, život na Zemlji je moguć. Narušavanjem ravnoteže bioloških sistema spoljašnjim magnetnim poljima, čak i tokom kraćeg vremena izlaganja, nastaju različiti poremećaji. Na ovaj način nastali poremaćaji akumuliraju se u organizmima, što je jedan od razloga za traženje objašnjenja bioloških efekata magnetnih polja. S druge strane, veoma važna činjenica koja nas usmerava na što bolje razumevanje ove problematike je potreba za zaštitom ljudskog zdravlja zbog uvođenja novih tehnologija u svakodnevni život, industriju i medicinu, kao i zbog mogućnosti terapijske upotrebe magnetnih polja.
Iako ispitivanja bioloških efekata magnetnih polja različitih intenziteta i frekvencija imaju dug vek, malo se zna o samom mehanizmu delovanja (Liboff i McLeod, 1988; Lednev, 1991). Mnoge hipoteze se odnose na moguće mehanizme delovanja spoljašnjih magnetnih polja na žive sisteme, međutim još uvek nema jedinstvene teorije o ovim interakcijama. U eksperimentalnim studijama korišćena su konstantna (permanentna, stalna) magnetna polja različitih intenziteta, kao i promenljiva magnetna polja najširih frekventnih opsega (od ekstremno niskofrekventnih, preko ekstremno visokofrekventnih u IC, vidljivom i UV delu spektra, do jonizujućih elektromagnetnih polja).
Jedna od karakteristika živih bića je da međusobno interaguju i adaptiraju se na sredinu u kojoj žive, te su vremenom stekla sposobnost i da koriste spoljašnja magnetna polja. Prvi dokazi koji potkrepljuju ovu tvrdnju proističu iz studija u kojima se pratila orijentacija i kretanje životinja, kao i njihova međusobna komunikacija. 
O delovanju magnetnog polja na različite oblike ponašanja insekata, a posebno na orijentaciju ukazao je još Schneider (1975). Uticaj spoljašnjih magnetnih polja na ponašanje, a samim tim i na orijentaciju, najdetaljnije je izučen kod medonosne pčele Apis mellifera (Martin i Lindauer, 1977; Korall, 1978; Kilbert, 1979; Towne i Gould, 1985; Walker i Bitterman, 1985, 1989a, b, c; Walker i sar; 1989). Da magnetna polja deluju na različite nivoe ponašanja i kod drugih insekta, pokazano je u velikom broju radova (Picton, 1966; Becker, 1976; Kisliuk i Ishay, 1977; Baker i Mather, 1982; Baker, 1987; Rickli i Leuthold, 1988; Perez i sar., 1999; Klotz i Jander, 2003; Prolić i sar., 2003).
Vrsta Apis mellifera se pokazala kao dobar eksperimentalni model i za ispitivanje uticaja veštačkih magnetnih polja na razviće insekata (Prolić i Jovanović, 1986). Magnetna polja menjaju normalan tok razvića i drugih insekata: Drosophila melanogaster (Ramirez i sar., 1983; Ho i sar., 1992; Prolić i sar., 2001), Tenebrio molitor (Prolić i Nenadović, 1995), Baculum extradentatum (Mrdaković i sar., 2007), Musca domestica (Stanojević i sar., 2005), Hylotrupes bajulus (Rauš i sar., 2009), Heliothis virescens (Pan, 1996)... 
Kada govorimo o magnetnim poljima, posebno su interesantna i značajna istraživanja o uticaju ovog faktora spoljašnje sredine na genetske mehanizme. Delujući na gene odgovorne za proliferaciju ćelija, magnetna polja značajno utiču na veličinu tela vinske mušice Drosophila melanogaster (Giorgi i sar., 1992), kao i na veličinu i asimetriju krila kod ove vrste (Stamenković-Radak i sar., 2001). Magnetna polja različitih karakteristika utiču i na ćelijsku transkripciju, ekspresiju gena i sintezu proteina kod Drosophila sp i drugih vrsta insekata (Goodman i sar., 1987; Goodman i Henderson, 1988; Tipping i sar., 1999), a menja se i varijabilnost unutar eksperimentalnih grupa (Prolić, 1989; Prolić i Anđelković, 1992., Patenković i sar., 2007). 
U daljem traganju za primarnim mehanizmima percepcije magnetnih polja kod živih sistema, a imajući u vidu brojne naznake da bi to mogao biti centralni nervni sistem, pristupilo se elektrofiziološkim istraživanjima na komplikovanim moždanim ganglijama kod insekata. Po prvi put registrovana je spontana bioelektrična aktivnost iz antenalnog regiona mozga strižibube Morimus funereus i praćene su promene neuronske aktivnosti tokom i nakon delovanja primenjenog magnetnog polja (Todorović i sar., 2007). Da bi se potkrepili podaci o pretpostavci da je nervni sistem struktura primarno odgovorna za reakciju organizama, a samim tim i insekata, na različite spoljašnje ekološke faktore uključujući i magnetna polja, posvetila se pažnja i analizi neurosekretornog sistema insekata (Nenadović i sar., 2005; Perić-Mataruga i sar., 2006, 2008). 
Magnetna polja na različite načine utiču na normalan tok metaboličkih puteva. Kod hemimetabolnog insekta Baculum extradentatum čije se embrionalno razviće odvijalo u prisustvu konstantnog i promenljivog magnetnog polja uočene su promene u produkciji slobodnih radikala i antioksidativnoj odbrani (Todorović i sar., 2008). Konstantno magnetno polje dovodi do povećanja metabolizma larvi tvrdokrilaca vrste Tenebrio molitor (Vácha, 1997), a kod pčela se uočava smanjena enzimska aktivnost trehalaze, kao i povećava količina fosfolipida (Kefuss i sar., 1999).
Rezultati svih ovih istraživanja nedvosmisleno pokazuju da „veštačka“ magnetna polja, kao ekofiziološki faktor kod insekata, kao i kod svih drugih organizama sa različitog stupnja evolutivne lestvice, indukuju promene na svim nivoima biološke organizacije.",
publisher = "Belgrade: Entomological Society of Serbia",
journal = "Simpozijum entomologa Srbije 2009",
title = "Magnetna polja i svet insekata",
pages = "5-6",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_4020"
}

Prolić, Z., Todorović, D., Petković, B., Rauš Balind, S.,& Nikolić, L.. (2009). Magnetna polja i svet insekata. in Simpozijum entomologa Srbije 2009
Belgrade: Entomological Society of Serbia., 5-6.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_4020

Prolić Z, Todorović D, Petković B, Rauš Balind S, Nikolić L. Magnetna polja i svet insekata. in Simpozijum entomologa Srbije 2009. 2009;:5-6.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_4020 .

Prolić, Zlatko, Todorović, Dajana, Petković, Branka, Rauš Balind, Snežana, Nikolić, Ljiljana, "Magnetna polja i svet insekata" in Simpozijum entomologa Srbije 2009 (2009):5-6,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_ibiss_4020 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rauš Balind, Snežana
AU  - Todorović, Dajana
AU  - Prolić, Zlatko
PY  - 2009
PY  - 2009
UR  - https://radar.ibiss.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/219
AB  - The purpose of our experiment was to establish how exposure to a constant magnetic field of 98 mT affects behavior in terms of viability and larval mass of the old house borer (Hylotrupes bajulus L.). It is demonstrated that larvae exposed to this magnetic field show statistically significant higher viability, as well as a tendency of mass increase in comparison with the control group. These results can be attributed to the modulatory effect of the employed external magnetic field on metabolism and neurohumoral regulation in the insects.
AB  - Cilj našeg eksperimenta je bio da se utvrdi kako izlaganje konstantnom magnetnom polju od 98 mT utiče na ponašanje u smislu preživljavanja i mase larvi kućne strižibube (Hylotrupes bajulus L.). Pokazano je da larve koje su se nalazile u magnetnom polju pomenutih karakteristika imaju statistički značajno veće preživljavanje, kao i tendenciju povećanja mase u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu jedinki. Ovi rezultati se mogu pripisati modulatornom uticaju spoljašnjeg magnetnog polja na metabolizam i neurohumoralnu regulaciju insekata.
PB  - Serbian Biological Society
T2  - Archives of Biological Sciences
T1  - Viability of old house borer (Hylotrupes bajulus) larvae exposed to a constant magnetic field of 98 mT under laboratory conditions
IS  - 1
VL  - 61
DO  - 10.2298/ABS0901129R
SP  - 129
EP  - 134
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Rauš Balind, Snežana and Todorović, Dajana and Prolić, Zlatko",
year = "2009, 2009",
abstract = "The purpose of our experiment was to establish how exposure to a constant magnetic field of 98 mT affects behavior in terms of viability and larval mass of the old house borer (Hylotrupes bajulus L.). It is demonstrated that larvae exposed to this magnetic field show statistically significant higher viability, as well as a tendency of mass increase in comparison with the control group. These results can be attributed to the modulatory effect of the employed external magnetic field on metabolism and neurohumoral regulation in the insects., Cilj našeg eksperimenta je bio da se utvrdi kako izlaganje konstantnom magnetnom polju od 98 mT utiče na ponašanje u smislu preživljavanja i mase larvi kućne strižibube (Hylotrupes bajulus L.). Pokazano je da larve koje su se nalazile u magnetnom polju pomenutih karakteristika imaju statistički značajno veće preživljavanje, kao i tendenciju povećanja mase u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu jedinki. Ovi rezultati se mogu pripisati modulatornom uticaju spoljašnjeg magnetnog polja na metabolizam i neurohumoralnu regulaciju insekata.",
publisher = "Serbian Biological Society",
journal = "Archives of Biological Sciences",
title = "Viability of old house borer (Hylotrupes bajulus) larvae exposed to a constant magnetic field of 98 mT under laboratory conditions",
number = "1",
volume = "61",
doi = "10.2298/ABS0901129R",
pages = "129-134"
}

Rauš Balind, S., Todorović, D.,& Prolić, Z.. (2009). Viability of old house borer (Hylotrupes bajulus) larvae exposed to a constant magnetic field of 98 mT under laboratory conditions. in Archives of Biological Sciences
Serbian Biological Society., 61(1), 129-134.
https://doi.org/10.2298/ABS0901129R

Rauš Balind S, Todorović D, Prolić Z. Viability of old house borer (Hylotrupes bajulus) larvae exposed to a constant magnetic field of 98 mT under laboratory conditions. in Archives of Biological Sciences. 2009;61(1):129-134.
doi:10.2298/ABS0901129R .

Rauš Balind, Snežana, Todorović, Dajana, Prolić, Zlatko, "Viability of old house borer (Hylotrupes bajulus) larvae exposed to a constant magnetic field of 98 mT under laboratory conditions" in Archives of Biological Sciences, 61, no. 1 (2009):129-134,
https://doi.org/10.2298/ABS0901129R . .